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Early life stress induced sex-specific changes in behavior is paralleled by altered locus coeruleus physiology in BALB/cJ mice 在 BALB/cJ 小鼠中,早期生活压力引起的行为性别特异性变化与局部小脑生理机能的改变是同步的
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100674
Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with many neurodevelopmental and affective disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, with more exposures increasing negative risk. Sex and genetic background are biological variables involved in adverse psychiatric outcomes due to early life trauma. Females in general have an increased prevalence of stress-related psychopathologies beginning after adolescence, indicative of adolescence being a female-specific sensitive period. To understand the underlying neuronal mechanisms potentially responsible for this relationship between genetic background, sex, stress/trauma, and cognitive/affective behaviors, we assessed behavioral and neuronal changes in a novel animal model of early life stress exposure. Male and female BALB/cJ mice that express elevated basal anxiety-like behaviors and differences in monoamine signaling-associated genes, were exposed to an early life variable stress protocol that combined deprivation in early life with unpredictability in adolescence. Stress exposure produced hyperlocomotion and attention deficits (5-choice serial reaction time task) in male and female mice along with female-specific increased anxiety-like behavior. These behavioral changes were paralleled by reduced excitability of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, due to resting membrane potential hyperpolarization in males and a female-specific increase in action potential delay time. These data describe a novel interaction between sex, genetic background, and early life stress that results in behavioral changes in clinically relevant domains and potential underlying mechanistic lasting changes in physiological properties of neurons in the LC.
童年时期的不良经历与许多神经发育障碍和情感障碍(包括注意力缺陷多动障碍和广泛性焦虑症)有关,接触越多,负面风险越大。性别和遗传背景是早期生活创伤导致不良精神结果的生物变量。一般来说,女性在青春期后开始出现与压力相关的精神病症的几率增加,这表明青春期是女性特有的敏感期。为了了解可能导致遗传背景、性别、压力/创伤和认知/情感行为之间这种关系的潜在神经元机制,我们在一种新型的早期生活压力暴露动物模型中评估了行为和神经元的变化。雄性和雌性BALB/cJ小鼠均表现出升高的基础焦虑样行为和单胺类信号转导相关基因的差异。应激暴露会导致雄性和雌性小鼠运动过度和注意力缺陷(5选1连续反应时间任务),以及雌性特有的焦虑样行为增加。雄性小鼠静息膜电位超极化和雌性小鼠特异性动作电位延迟时间增加导致的局部小脑(LC)神经元兴奋性降低与这些行为变化同时发生。这些数据描述了性别、遗传背景和早期生活压力之间的一种新的相互作用,这种相互作用导致了临床相关领域的行为变化以及LC神经元生理特性的潜在机制性持久变化。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of chronic stress on cognitive function – From neurobiology to intervention 慢性压力对认知功能的影响--从神经生物学到干预措施
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100670

Exposure to chronic stress contributes considerably to the development of cognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addictive behavior. Unfortunately, unlike mood-related symptoms, cognitive impairments are not effectively treated by available therapies, a situation in part resulting from a still incomplete knowledge of the neurobiological substrates that underly cognitive domains and the difficulty in generating interventions that are both efficacious and safe.

In this review, we will present an overview of the cognitive domains affected by stress with a specific focus on cognitive flexibility, behavioral inhibition, and working memory. We will then consider the effects of stress on neuronal correlates of cognitive function and the factors which may modulate the interaction of stress and cognition. Finally, we will discuss intervention strategies for treatment of stress-related disorders and gaps in knowledge with emerging new treatments under development.

Understanding how cognitive impairment occurs during exposure to chronic stress is crucial to make progress towards the development of new and effective therapeutic approaches.

在抑郁症、广泛性焦虑症(GAD)、强迫症(OCD)、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和成瘾行为等精神疾病中,长期暴露在压力下会在很大程度上导致认知障碍的发展。遗憾的是,与情绪相关症状不同,认知障碍并不能通过现有疗法得到有效治疗,造成这种情况的部分原因是人们对认知领域的神经生物学基质的了解仍不全面,而且很难产生既有效又安全的干预措施。在这篇综述中,我们将概述受压力影响的认知领域,重点关注认知灵活性、行为抑制和工作记忆。然后,我们将探讨压力对认知功能神经元相关性的影响,以及可能调节压力与认知相互作用的因素。最后,我们将讨论治疗压力相关障碍的干预策略,以及正在开发的新疗法的知识差距。了解认知障碍是如何在长期压力下发生的,对于开发新的有效治疗方法至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Enduring memory consequences of early-life stress / adversity: Structural, synaptic, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms 早期生活压力/逆境的持久记忆后果:结构、突触、分子和表观遗传机制
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100669

Adverse early life experiences are strongly associated with reduced cognitive function throughout life. The link is strong in many human studies, but these do not enable assigning causality, and the limited access to the live human brain can impede establishing the mechanisms by which early-life adversity (ELA) may induce cognitive problems. In experimental models, artificially imposed chronic ELA/stress results in deficits in hippocampus dependent memory as well as increased vulnerability to the deleterious effects of adult stress on memory. This causal relation of ELA and life-long memory impairments provides a framework to probe the mechanisms by which ELA may lead to human cognitive problems. Here we focus on the consequences of a one-week exposure to adversity during early postnatal life in the rodent, the spectrum of the ensuing memory deficits, and the mechanisms responsible. We highlight molecular, cellular and circuit mechanisms using convergent trans-disciplinary approaches aiming to enable translation of the discoveries in experimental models to the clinic.

早年的不利生活经历与终生认知功能下降密切相关。在许多人体研究中,这种联系都非常密切,但这些研究并不能确定因果关系,而且由于接触活体人脑的机会有限,因此无法确定早期生活逆境(ELA)可能诱发认知问题的机制。在实验模型中,人为施加的慢性 ELA/压力会导致海马依赖性记忆缺陷,以及更容易受到成人压力对记忆的有害影响。ELA与终生记忆损伤之间的这种因果关系为探究ELA可能导致人类认知问题的机制提供了一个框架。在此,我们将重点研究啮齿类动物在出生后早期一周的逆境暴露所造成的后果、随之而来的记忆缺陷的范围以及造成这些后果的机制。我们强调分子、细胞和回路机制,采用融合的跨学科方法,旨在将实验模型中的发现转化为临床实践。
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引用次数: 0
Distinct populations of lateral preoptic nucleus neurons jointly contribute to depressive-like behaviors through divergent projections in male mice 雄性小鼠外侧视前核神经元的不同群体通过不同的投射共同促成了类似抑郁的行为
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100667

The lateral preoptic area (LPO) is a component of the hypothalamus involved in various physiological functions including sleep-wakefulness transition, thermoregulation, and water-salt balance. In this study, we discovered that distinct LPO excitatory neurons project separately to the aversive processing center lateral habenula (LHb) and the reward processing hub ventral tegmental area (VTA). Following chronic restraint stress (CRS), the LHb-projecting and VTA-projecting LPO neurons exhibited increased and decreased neuronal activities, respectively. Optogenetic activation of LHb-projecting LPO excitatory neurons and LPO excitatory neuronal terminals within LHb evoked aversion and avoidance behaviors, while activation of VTA-projecting LPO excitatory neurons and LPO excitatory neuronal terminals within VTA produced preference and exploratory behaviors in mice. Furthermore, either optogenetic inhibition of LHb-projecting LPO excitatory neurons or activation of VTA-projecting LPO excitatory neurons during CRS effectively prevented the development of depressive-like behaviors. Our study unveils, for the first-time, divergent pathways originating from LPO that regulate opposite affective states in mice and implicates that an imbalance of their activities could lead to depressive-like behaviors. These circuitries represent promising therapeutic targets to relieve emotional dysfunctions in neuropsychiatric disorders.

外侧视前区(LPO)是下丘脑的一个组成部分,参与睡眠-觉醒转换、体温调节和水盐平衡等多种生理功能。在这项研究中,我们发现LPO的不同兴奋神经元分别投射到厌恶处理中枢外侧哈文脑(LHb)和奖赏处理中枢腹侧被盖区(VTA)。慢性束缚应激(CRS)后,LHb投射和VTA投射的LPO神经元分别表现出神经元活动的增加和减少。光遗传激活LHb投射的LPO兴奋神经元和LHb内的LPO兴奋神经元末梢会诱发小鼠的厌恶和回避行为,而激活VTA投射的LPO兴奋神经元和VTA内的LPO兴奋神经元末梢则会使小鼠产生偏好和探索行为。此外,在CRS期间,无论是光遗传学抑制LHb投射的LPO兴奋神经元,还是激活VTA投射的LPO兴奋神经元,都能有效防止抑郁样行为的发生。我们的研究首次揭示了源自LPO的不同通路,这些通路调控小鼠相反的情感状态,并暗示它们的活动失衡可能导致抑郁样行为。这些回路是缓解神经精神疾病中情感功能障碍的治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Elevated GABAergic neurotransmission prevents chronic intermittent ethanol induced hyperexcitability of intrinsic and extrinsic inputs to the ventral subiculum of female rats GABA 能神经递质的增加可防止慢性间歇性乙醇诱导的雌性大鼠腹腔下丘脑内在和外在输入的过度兴奋性
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100665

With the recent rise in the rate of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in women, the historical gap between men and women living with this condition is narrowing. While there are many commonalities in how men and women are impacted by AUD, an accumulating body of evidence is revealing sex-dependent adaptations that may require distinct therapeutic approaches. Preclinical rodent studies are beginning to shed light on sex differences in the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on synaptic activity in a number of brain regions. Prior studies from our laboratory revealed that, while withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE), a commonly used model of AUD, increased excitability in the ventral hippocampus (vHC) of male rats, this same treatment had the opposite effect in females. A follow-up study not only expanded on the synaptic mechanisms of these findings in male rats, but also established a CIE-dependent increase in the excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance of a glutamatergic projection from the basolateral amygdala to vHC (BLA-vHC). This pathway modulates anxiety-like behavior and could help explain the comorbid occurrence of anxiety disorders in individuals suffering from AUD. The present study sought to conduct a similar analysis of CIE effects on both synaptic mechanisms in the vHC and adaptations in the BLA-vHC pathway of female rats. Our findings indicate that CIE increases the strength of inhibitory neurotransmission in the vHC and that this sex-specific adaptation blocks, or at least delays, the increases in intrinsic vHC excitability and BLA-vHC synaptic transmission observed in males. Our findings establish the BLA-vHC pathway and the vHC as important circuitry to consider for future studies directed at identifying sex-dependent therapeutic approaches to AUD.

随着近年来女性酒精使用障碍(AUD)发病率的上升,男女患者之间的历史差距正在缩小。虽然男性和女性受 AUD 影响的方式有许多共同之处,但不断积累的证据显示,性别依赖性适应可能需要不同的治疗方法。临床前啮齿动物研究开始揭示慢性酒精暴露对多个脑区突触活动影响的性别差异。我们实验室之前的研究发现,慢性间歇性乙醇(CIE)是一种常用的 AUD 模型,它能提高雄性大鼠腹侧海马(vHC)的兴奋性,而同样的治疗方法对雌性大鼠的影响却恰恰相反。一项后续研究不仅扩展了这些发现在雄性大鼠中的突触机制,还确定了从杏仁基底外侧到vHC(BLA-vHC)的谷氨酸能投射的兴奋-抑制(E-I)平衡的增加依赖于乙醇胺。该通路可调节焦虑样行为,有助于解释 AUD 患者合并焦虑症的原因。本研究试图对CIE对雌性大鼠vHC突触机制和BLA-vHC通路适应性的影响进行类似的分析。我们的研究结果表明,CIE增加了vHC中抑制性神经传递的强度,这种性别特异性适应阻断或至少延缓了在雄性大鼠身上观察到的vHC内在兴奋性和BLA-vHC突触传递的增加。我们的研究结果证明,BLA-vHC通路和vHC是未来研究中需要考虑的重要回路,这些研究旨在确定治疗AUD的性别依赖性治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Vicarious heterosexism-based stress induces alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults: An experimental study 基于模仿异性恋的压力会诱发性少数群体年轻人对酒精、尼古丁和大麻的渴求以及负面情绪:一项实验研究
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100668

Purpose

Sexual minority young adults are at increased risk for hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual adults. Heterosexism-based stressors contribute and often explain inequities in alcohol outcomes. However, the extant research primarily relies on correlational designs, and often neglects the importance of alcohol craving, despite its foundational role in addiction. Leveraging a novel experimental mood induction paradigm, this study examined the effects of exposure to vicarious heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults who drink heavily. We also examined its effects on cannabis and nicotine craving among participants who used cannabis and nicotine, respectively. Lastly, we examined moderating factors that could influence the impact of exposure to heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving.

Methods

Participants were 101 heavy drinking sexual minority young adults, ages 20–35 (M = 26.46 years old; SD = 3.49), recruited from the community (51.5% female sex assigned at birth; 76.3% cisgender; 51.5% plurisexual; and 42.6% racial and ethnic minorities). They completed three mood induction trials counterbalanced over three visits on different days: heterosexism stress, general stress, and neutral. Structured interviews assessed criteria for DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and substance use, and self-report measures assessed lifetime traumatic stressors.

Results

Most participants met criteria for past-year AUD (74.7%). Exposure to heterosexism stress produced more negative affect and substance craving than the neutral mood induction, even while controlling for demographic variables and lifetime exposure to traumatic and heterosexism stressors. Exposure to heterosexism-based stress had large effects on alcohol craving among participants who had greater drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity, whereas the effects were small for those who had lower drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity. Demographic, lifetime stress, prior alcohol use, and AUD symptom severity variables were not significant moderators. Greater substance craving induced by heterosexism-based stress in the laboratory was associated with greater recent and current substance use.

Conclusions

This study findings show that vicarious exposure to heterosexism elicits negative mood and alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine craving among sexual minority young adults who engaged in heavy drinking. The effects for alcohol craving were largest among those who endorse high levels of drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-based rejection sensitivity. These findings have implications for oppression-based stress and motivational models of addiction.

目的与异性恋成年人相比,性少数群体的年轻人酗酒和酒精使用障碍的风险更高。基于异性恋主义的压力因素导致了酒精结果的不平等,而且往往可以解释这种不平等。然而,现有的研究主要依赖于相关性设计,往往忽视了酒精渴求的重要性,尽管酒精渴求在成瘾中起着基础性作用。本研究利用一种新颖的实验性情绪诱导范式,考察了暴露于替代性异性恋压力对酗酒的性少数群体年轻人的酒精渴求和负面情绪的影响。我们还研究了它对吸食大麻和尼古丁的参与者的大麻和尼古丁渴求的影响。最后,我们研究了可能影响暴露于异性恋压力对酒精渴求的影响的调节因素。方法参与者是 101 名酗酒的性少数群体年轻人,年龄在 20-35 岁之间(M = 26.46 岁;SD = 3.49),他们是从社区招募来的(51.5% 为出生时性别分配的女性;76.3% 为顺性性别;51.5% 为多性性别;42.6% 为少数种族和少数民族)。他们在不同日期的三次访问中完成了三种情绪诱导试验:异性恋压力、一般压力和中性。结构化访谈评估了 DSM-5 酒精使用障碍(AUD)和药物使用的标准,自我报告测量评估了一生中的创伤性压力源。与中性情绪诱导相比,暴露于异性恋压力会产生更多的负面情绪和药物渴求,即使在控制了人口统计学变量和终生暴露于创伤和异性恋压力源的情况下也是如此。暴露于异性恋压力对饮酒应付动机和异性恋拒绝敏感性较高的参与者的酒精渴求影响较大,而对饮酒应付动机和异性恋拒绝敏感性较低的参与者的影响较小。人口统计学变量、终生压力变量、先前饮酒变量和 AUD 症状严重程度变量都没有显著的调节作用。本研究结果表明,在大量饮酒的性少数群体年轻人中,异性恋主义的替代性暴露会引发负面情绪以及对酒精、大麻和尼古丁的渴求。对酒精渴求的影响在那些赞同高水平饮酒以应对动机和基于异性恋排斥敏感性的人群中最大。这些发现对基于压迫的压力和成瘾动机模型有一定的启示。
{"title":"Vicarious heterosexism-based stress induces alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults: An experimental study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Sexual minority young adults are at increased risk for hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual adults. Heterosexism-based stressors contribute and often explain inequities in alcohol outcomes. However, the extant research primarily relies on correlational designs, and often neglects the importance of alcohol craving, despite its foundational role in addiction. Leveraging a novel experimental mood induction paradigm, this study examined the effects of exposure to vicarious heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults who drink heavily. We also examined its effects on cannabis and nicotine craving among participants who used cannabis and nicotine, respectively. Lastly, we examined moderating factors that could influence the impact of exposure to heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 101 heavy drinking sexual minority young adults, ages 20–35 (<em>M</em> = 26.46 years old; <em>SD</em> = 3.49), recruited from the community (51.5% female sex assigned at birth; 76.3% cisgender; 51.5% plurisexual; and 42.6% racial and ethnic minorities). They completed three mood induction trials counterbalanced over three visits on different days: heterosexism stress, general stress, and neutral. Structured interviews assessed criteria for DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and substance use, and self-report measures assessed lifetime traumatic stressors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most participants met criteria for past-year AUD (74.7%). Exposure to heterosexism stress produced more negative affect and substance craving than the neutral mood induction, even while controlling for demographic variables and lifetime exposure to traumatic and heterosexism stressors. Exposure to heterosexism-based stress had large effects on alcohol craving among participants who had greater drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity, whereas the effects were small for those who had lower drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity. Demographic, lifetime stress, prior alcohol use, and AUD symptom severity variables were not significant moderators. Greater substance craving induced by heterosexism-based stress in the laboratory was associated with greater recent and current substance use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study findings show that vicarious exposure to heterosexism elicits negative mood and alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine craving among sexual minority young adults who engaged in heavy drinking. The effects for alcohol craving were largest among those who endorse high levels of drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-based rejection sensitivity. These findings have implications for oppression-based stress and motivational models of addiction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19125,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235228952400064X/pdfft?md5=066022a4be318d5142725297000a0b05&pid=1-s2.0-S235228952400064X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DCC, a potential target for controlling fear memory extinction and hippocampal LTP in male mice receiving single prolonged stress DCC是控制接受单次长期应激的雄性小鼠恐惧记忆消退和海马LTP的潜在靶标
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100666

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe stress-dependent psychiatric disorder characterized by impairment of fear memory extinction; however, biological markers to determine impaired fear memory extinction in PTSD remain unclear. In male mice with PTSD-like behaviors elicited by single prolonged stress (SPS), 19 differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus were identified compared with controls. Among them, a biological macromolecular protein named deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) was highly upregulated. Specific overexpression of DCC in the hippocampus induced similar impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) and fear memory extinction as observed in SPS mice. The impairment of fear memory extinction in SPS mice was improved by inhibiting the function of hippocampal DCC using a neutralizing antibody. Mechanistic studies have shown that knocking down or inhibiting μ-calpain in hippocampal neurons increased DCC expression and induced impairment of fear memory extinction. Additionally, SPS-triggered impairment of hippocampal LTP and fear memory extinction could be rescued through activation of the Rac1–Pak1 signaling pathway. Our study provides evidence that calpain-mediated regulation of DCC controls hippocampal LTP and fear memory extinction in SPS mice, which likely through activation of the Rac1–Pak1 signaling pathway.

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种严重的应激依赖性精神障碍,其特征是恐惧记忆消退功能受损;然而,确定创伤后应激障碍中恐惧记忆消退功能受损的生物标志物仍不清楚。在单次长期应激(SPS)诱发的具有类似创伤后应激障碍行为的雄性小鼠中,与对照组相比,海马中发现了19种不同表达的蛋白质。其中,一种名为 "结肠直肠癌中删除"(DCC)的生物大分子蛋白被高度上调。DCC在海马中的特异性过表达诱导了与在SPS小鼠中观察到的类似的长时程电位(LTP)和恐惧记忆消退损伤。通过使用中和抗体抑制海马 DCC 的功能,SPS 小鼠的恐惧记忆消除功能受损情况得到了改善。机理研究表明,敲除或抑制海马神经元中的μ-钙蛋白酶会增加DCC的表达,并诱导恐惧记忆的减弱。此外,通过激活 Rac1-Pak1 信号通路,可以挽救 SPS 触发的海马 LTP 和恐惧记忆消退损伤。我们的研究提供了证据,证明钙蛋白酶介导的对DCC的调节控制了SPS小鼠的海马LTP和恐惧记忆消退,而这很可能是通过激活Rac1-Pak1信号通路实现的。
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引用次数: 0
Endocannabinoid and neuroplasticity-related changes as susceptibility factors in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder 作为创伤后应激障碍大鼠模型易感因素的内源性大麻素和神经可塑性相关变化
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100662

Traumatic experiences result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 10–25% of exposed individuals. While human clinical studies suggest that susceptibility is potentially linked to endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling, neurobiological PTSD susceptibility factors are poorly understood. Employing a rat model of contextual conditioned fear, we characterized distinct resilient and susceptible subpopulations based on lasting generalized fear, a core symptom of PTSD. In these groups, we assessed i.) eCB levels by mass spectrometry and ii.) expression variations of eCB system- and iii.) neuroplasticity-related genes by real-time quantitative PCR in the circuitry relevant in trauma-induced changes. Furthermore, employing unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning based statistical analytical models, we assessed iv.) gene expression patterns with the most robust predictive power regarding PTSD susceptibility. According to our findings, in our model, generalized fear responses occurred with sufficient variability to characterize distinct resilient and susceptible subpopulations. Resilient subjects showed elevated prelimbic and lower ventral hippocampal levels of eCB 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) compared to resilient and non-shocked control subjects. Ventral hippocampal 2-AG content positively correlated with the strength of fear generalization. Furthermore, susceptibility was associated with i.) prefrontal, hippocampal and amygdalar neuronal hypoactivity, ii.) marked decrease in the expression of genes of transcription factors modulating neuroplasticity and iii.) an altered expression pattern of eCB-related genes, including enzymes involved in eCB metabolism. Unsupervised and semi-supervised statistical approaches highlighted that hippocampal gene expression patterns possess strong predictive power regarding susceptibility. Taken together, the marked eCB and neuroplasticity changes in susceptible individuals associated with abnormal activity patterns in the fear circuitry possibly contribute to context coding deficits, resulting in generalized fear.

10%-25%的受创伤者会因创伤经历而患上创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。人类临床研究表明,创伤后应激障碍的易感性可能与内源性大麻素(eCB)信号传导有关,但人们对创伤后应激障碍的神经生物学易感因素却知之甚少。我们利用大鼠情境条件性恐惧模型,根据创伤后应激障碍的核心症状--持久的广泛性恐惧,确定了不同的抗逆性亚群和易感性亚群。在这些亚群中,我们通过质谱分析评估了 i.) eCB 水平,以及 ii.) eCB 系统和 iii.) 神经可塑性相关基因的表达变化。此外,我们还利用基于无监督和半监督机器学习的统计分析模型,评估了 iv) 对创伤后应激障碍易感性具有最强预测能力的基因表达模式。根据我们的研究结果,在我们的模型中,泛化的恐惧反应具有足够的变异性,可以描述出不同的抗逆性亚群和易感性亚群。与恢复能力强的对照组和未受惊吓的对照组相比,恢复能力强的受试者表现出边缘前区 eCB 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) 水平升高,而海马腹侧 eCB 2-AG 水平降低。腹侧海马 2-AG 含量与恐惧泛化的强度呈正相关。此外,易感性还与以下因素有关:i.)前额叶、海马和杏仁核神经元活性低下;ii.)调节神经可塑性的转录因子基因表达明显减少;iii.)eCB 相关基因(包括参与 eCB 代谢的酶)的表达模式改变。无监督和半监督统计方法突出表明,海马基因表达模式对易感性具有很强的预测能力。综上所述,易感人群中明显的 eCB 和神经可塑性变化与恐惧回路中的异常活动模式有关,可能会导致情境编码缺陷,从而导致广泛性恐惧。
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引用次数: 0
CD4+ T-cell subsets are associated with chronic stress effects in newly diagnosed anxiety disorders CD4+ T 细胞亚群与新诊断焦虑症的慢性压力效应有关
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100661
Bindong Dai, Tao Li, Jinya Cao, Xiaohui Zhao, Yinan Jiang, Lili Shi, Jing Wei

Aim

Prior research has indicated a connection between CD4+ T cells and the development of anxiety, but the specific CD4+ T cell subsets linked to anxiety disorders remain uncertain. Our study seeks to investigate the relationship between distinct CD4+ T cell subsets and anxiety, as well as to explore whether CD4+ T cell subsets mediate the effect of chronic psychological stress on anxiety.

Methods

56 eligible matched participants were recruited in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The diagnosis was made based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, respectively. The Life Events Scale (LES) evaluated the chronic stress level. CD4+ T cell subsets were characterized using multiparametric flow cytometry. To assess the impact of CD4+ T cells on the effect of chronic psychological stress on anxiety, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was employed.

Results

We discovered fifteen notably distinct CD4+ T-cell subsets in anxiety disorder patients compared to healthy controls. Multiple linear regression analysis unveiled an association between anxiety severity and CD27+CD45RA Th cells, CD27+CD28+ Tregs, and the total Life Events Scale (LES) score. The PLS-SEM analysis demonstrated that CD4+ T cell subsets and LES could explain 80.2% of the variance in anxiety. Furthermore, it was observed that CD27+CD28+ Th/Treg cells acted as inverse mediators of the effects of LES on anxiety (P = 0.031).

Conclusions

Drug naïve anxiety disorder patients exhibited significant alterations in numerous CD4+ T-cell subsets. Specifically, the memory subset of CD27+CD45RA Th cells and the naïve subset of CD27+CD28+ Treg cells were found to be independent factors associated with the severity of anxiety. Additionally, the CD27+CD28+ Th and Treg cell subsets played a significant mediating role in the influence of long-term psychological stress on anxiety.

目的已有研究表明 CD4+ T 细胞与焦虑症的发生有关,但与焦虑症有关的特定 CD4+ T 细胞亚群仍不确定。我们的研究旨在探讨不同的 CD4+ T 细胞亚群与焦虑之间的关系,并探讨 CD4+ T 细胞亚群是否介导了慢性心理压力对焦虑的影响。根据 DSM-5 诊断标准进行诊断。焦虑和抑郁症状的严重程度分别使用汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表和汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表进行评估。生活事件量表(LES)评估了慢性压力水平。CD4+ T细胞亚群采用多参数流式细胞术进行鉴定。为了评估 CD4+ T 细胞对慢性心理压力对焦虑的影响,我们采用了偏最小二乘法结构方程建模(PLS-SEM)分析。多元线性回归分析揭示了焦虑症严重程度与 CD27+CD45RA- Th 细胞、CD27+CD28+ Tregs 和生活事件量表(LES)总分之间的关系。PLS-SEM分析表明,CD4+ T细胞亚群和LES可解释80.2%的焦虑变异。此外,还观察到 CD27+CD28+ Th/Treg 细胞是 LES 对焦虑影响的反向中介(P = 0.031)。具体而言,CD27+CD45RA-Th 细胞记忆亚群和 CD27+CD28+ Treg 细胞幼稚亚群是与焦虑严重程度相关的独立因素。此外,CD27+CD28+ Th 和 Treg 细胞亚群在长期心理压力对焦虑的影响中起着重要的中介作用。
{"title":"CD4+ T-cell subsets are associated with chronic stress effects in newly diagnosed anxiety disorders","authors":"Bindong Dai,&nbsp;Tao Li,&nbsp;Jinya Cao,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhao,&nbsp;Yinan Jiang,&nbsp;Lili Shi,&nbsp;Jing Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Prior research has indicated a connection between CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and the development of anxiety, but the specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets linked to anxiety disorders remain uncertain. Our study seeks to investigate the relationship between distinct CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets and anxiety, as well as to explore whether CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets mediate the effect of chronic psychological stress on anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>56 eligible matched participants were recruited in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The diagnosis was made based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, respectively. The Life Events Scale (LES) evaluated the chronic stress level. CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets were characterized using multiparametric flow cytometry. To assess the impact of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells on the effect of chronic psychological stress on anxiety, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was employed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We discovered fifteen notably distinct CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell subsets in anxiety disorder patients compared to healthy controls. Multiple linear regression analysis unveiled an association between anxiety severity and CD27<sup>+</sup>CD45RA<sup>−</sup> Th cells, CD27<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup> Tregs, and the total Life Events Scale (LES) score. The PLS-SEM analysis demonstrated that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets and LES could explain 80.2% of the variance in anxiety. Furthermore, it was observed that CD27<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup> Th/Treg cells acted as inverse mediators of the effects of LES on anxiety (P = 0.031).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Drug naïve anxiety disorder patients exhibited significant alterations in numerous CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell subsets. Specifically, the memory subset of CD27<sup>+</sup>CD45RA<sup>−</sup> Th cells and the naïve subset of CD27<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup> Treg cells were found to be independent factors associated with the severity of anxiety. Additionally, the CD27<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup> Th and Treg cell subsets played a significant mediating role in the influence of long-term psychological stress on anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19125,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289524000572/pdfft?md5=65c245f59de5070bfa5773fd652c699b&pid=1-s2.0-S2352289524000572-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heightened SAM- and HPA-axis activity during acute stress impairs decision-making: A systematic review on underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms 急性应激时SAM和HPA轴活动增强会损害决策:关于潜在神经药理学机制的系统综述
IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100659
Lukas van Herk , Frank P.M. Schilder , Antoin D. de Weijer , Bastiaan Bruinsma , Elbert Geuze

Individuals might be exposed to intense acute stress while having to make decisions with far-reaching consequences. Acute stress impairs processes required for decision-making by activating different biological stress cascades that in turn affect the brain. By knowing which stress system, brain areas, and receptors are responsible for compromised decision-making processes, we can effectively find potential pharmaceutics that can prevent the deteriorating effects of acute stress. We used a systematic review procedure and found 44 articles providing information on this topic. Decision-making processes could be subdivided into 4 domains (cognitive, motivational, affective, and predictability) and could be referenced to specific brain areas, while mostly being impaired by molecules associated with the sympathetic-adrenal-medullar and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Potential drugs to alleviate these effects included α1 and β adrenoceptor antagonists, α2 adrenoceptor agonists, and corticotropin releasing factor receptor1/2 antagonists, while consistent stress-like effects were found with yohimbine, an α2 adrenoceptor antagonist. We suggest possible avenues for future research.

人在做出具有深远影响的决策时,可能会面临强烈的急性压力。急性应激会激活不同的生物应激级联,进而影响大脑,从而损害决策所需的过程。通过了解哪种应激系统、大脑区域和受体会导致决策过程受损,我们就能有效地找到潜在的药物,防止急性应激的恶化效应。我们采用了系统性综述程序,发现有 44 篇文章提供了有关这一主题的信息。决策过程可细分为 4 个领域(认知、动机、情感和可预测性),并可参考特定的脑区,而大部分决策过程都会受到与交感-肾上腺-髓质轴和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴相关的分子的影响。缓解这些效应的潜在药物包括α和β肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、α肾上腺素受体激动剂和促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体拮抗剂,而α肾上腺素受体拮抗剂育亨宾则具有一致的应激样效应。我们提出了未来研究的可能途径。
{"title":"Heightened SAM- and HPA-axis activity during acute stress impairs decision-making: A systematic review on underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms","authors":"Lukas van Herk ,&nbsp;Frank P.M. Schilder ,&nbsp;Antoin D. de Weijer ,&nbsp;Bastiaan Bruinsma ,&nbsp;Elbert Geuze","doi":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals might be exposed to intense acute stress while having to make decisions with far-reaching consequences. Acute stress impairs processes required for decision-making by activating different biological stress cascades that in turn affect the brain. By knowing which stress system, brain areas, and receptors are responsible for compromised decision-making processes, we can effectively find potential pharmaceutics that can prevent the deteriorating effects of acute stress. We used a systematic review procedure and found 44 articles providing information on this topic. Decision-making processes could be subdivided into 4 domains (cognitive, motivational, affective, and predictability) and could be referenced to specific brain areas, while mostly being impaired by molecules associated with the sympathetic-adrenal-medullar and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Potential drugs to alleviate these effects included α<sub>1</sub> and β adrenoceptor antagonists, α<sub>2</sub> adrenoceptor agonists, and corticotropin releasing factor receptor<sub>1/2</sub> antagonists, while consistent stress-like effects were found with yohimbine, an α<sub>2</sub> adrenoceptor antagonist. We suggest possible avenues for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19125,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289524000559/pdfft?md5=89dcf0879c3f348d2bea5d6b823eba51&pid=1-s2.0-S2352289524000559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Neurobiology of Stress
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