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Studying the Formulation of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Ethanol Extract Gel as Treatment of Excision Wounds in Rats 葱(Allium Ascalonicum L.)配方研究乙醇提取物凝胶治疗大鼠切除创面
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i4.390
Fahmi Sidiq, Kamaludin Kamaludin, R. H. Kankarofi
Onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain alkaloid compounds and saponins which can accelerate the wound healing process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the wound healing effect of excision of ethanol extract of onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the form of a gel against mice (Rattus novergicus). The purpose of this research was to study the stability of the preparation as well as the effectiveness and optimum concentration in excision wound healing from the ethanolic extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in gel dosage form. The concentration variants used were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The method used was sample extraction by maceration and wound gel was made in 3 concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 20% then a stability test was carried out on the preparation by cycling test method at 4⁰C and 40⁰C for 6 cycles. Besides that, gel base was also used as a negative control and octadine® gel as a positive control, then the back skin of a rat (Rattus novergicus) was injured using a surgical knife. The results of the observation of the stability of the wound gel preparation were stable both at 4⁰C and at 40⁰C. Reduction of the length of the wound at the beginning of the treatment until the wound was completely closed showed that the ethanol extract gel preparation of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) could reduce and heal cuts in rats with a concentration of 20% which showed the most effective wound healing effect.Onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain alkaloid compounds and saponins which can accelerate the wound healing process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the wound healing effect of excision of ethanol extract of onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the form of a gel against mice (Rattus novergicus). The purpose of this research was to study the stability of the preparation as well as the effectiveness and optimum concentration in excision wound healing from the ethanolic extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in gel dosage form. The concentration variants used were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The method used was sample extraction by maceration and wound gel was made in 3 concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 20% then a stability test was carried out on the preparation by cycling test method at 4⁰C and 40⁰C for 6 cycles. Besides that, gel base was also used as a negative control and octadine® gel as a positive control, then the back skin of a rat (Rattus novergicus) was injured using a surgical knife. The results of the observation of the stability of the wound gel preparation were stable both at 4⁰C and at 40⁰C. Reduction of the length of the wound at the beginning of the treatment until the wound was completely closed showed that the ethanol extract gel preparation of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) could reduce and heal cuts in rats with a concentration of 20% which showed the most effective wound healing effect.
洋葱鳞茎(Allium ascalonicum L.)含有生物碱化合物和皂苷,可以加速伤口愈合过程。因此,我们研究了以凝胶形式切除洋葱(Allium ascalonicum L.)乙醇提取物对小鼠(Rattus novergicus)的伤口愈合作用。本研究旨在研究大葱醇提物凝胶剂型的稳定性、对切除创面愈合的效果及最佳浓度。使用的浓度变量为5%、10%和20%。使用的方法是通过浸渍提取样品,创面凝胶以3种浓度制作,即5%、10%和20%,然后通过4⁰C和40⁰C循环测试方法对制备进行稳定性测试,进行6个循环。在此基础上,以凝胶基为阴性对照,以octadine®凝胶为阳性对照,用手术刀损伤大鼠背部皮肤。伤口凝胶制备稳定性的观察结果在4⁰C和40⁰C下都是稳定的。从治疗开始就减少创面长度,直至创面完全闭合,结果表明,以20%浓度的葱茎乙醇提取物凝胶制剂能减少和愈合大鼠创面,创面愈合效果最好。洋葱鳞茎(Allium ascalonicum L.)含有生物碱化合物和皂苷,可以加速伤口愈合过程。因此,我们研究了以凝胶形式切除洋葱(Allium ascalonicum L.)乙醇提取物对小鼠(Rattus novergicus)的伤口愈合作用。本研究旨在研究大葱醇提物凝胶剂型的稳定性、对切除创面愈合的效果及最佳浓度。使用的浓度变量为5%、10%和20%。使用的方法是通过浸渍提取样品,创面凝胶以3种浓度制作,即5%、10%和20%,然后通过4⁰C和40⁰C循环测试方法对制备进行稳定性测试,进行6个循环。在此基础上,以凝胶基为阴性对照,以octadine®凝胶为阳性对照,用手术刀损伤大鼠背部皮肤。伤口凝胶制备稳定性的观察结果在4⁰C和40⁰C下都是稳定的。从治疗开始就减少创面长度,直至创面完全闭合,结果表明,以20%浓度的葱茎乙醇提取物凝胶制剂能减少和愈合大鼠创面,创面愈合效果最好。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Average Length of Schooling of Indonesian Citizens in the Future Using Markov Chains 基于马尔可夫链的印尼公民未来平均受教育年限分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i4.391
Riza Andrian Ibrahim, S. Sampath
Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia, the average length of schooling of Indonesian citizens is continuously increasing every year. This increase is predicted to continue in the future. However, it has yet to be discovered how the increasing rate in the average length of schooling will occur. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the increasing rate of the average length of schooling of Indonesian citizens in the future. The data used is the average length of schooling of Indonesian citizens from 2010 to 2021. The analytical method used is the discrete-time Markov chain. Furthermore, the states representing the increasing rate in the average length of schooling used are divided into two: the increasing rate in the average length of schooling that is smaller and larger than the average. Based on the analysis results, the probability that the increasing rate in Indonesian citizens' average length of schooling will be less than the average in the future is 0.4. In contrast, the probability that the increasing rate in Indonesian citizens' average length of schooling will be greater than the average in the future is 0.6. It indicates that Indonesian citizens will have a high education level in the future. The results can be used as the future education state projection of Indonesian citizens so that it can be accompanied by empowerment.
根据印度尼西亚共和国中央统计局的数据,印度尼西亚公民的平均受教育时间每年都在不断增加。预计这一增长将在未来继续。然而,平均受教育时间的增长速度将如何发生还有待发现。因此,本研究旨在分析未来印尼公民平均受教育年限的增长速度。使用的数据是2010年至2021年印尼公民的平均受教育时间。所用的解析方法是离散时间马尔可夫链。此外,代表平均学校教育时间增长率的州分为两个:平均学校教育时间增长率小于平均值和大于平均值。根据分析结果,未来印尼公民平均受教育年限增长率低于平均水平的概率为0.4。相比之下,未来印尼公民平均受教育年限的增长率高于平均水平的概率为0.6。这表明未来印尼公民将拥有较高的教育水平。研究结果可以作为印尼公民未来教育状况的预测,使其与赋权相伴。
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引用次数: 0
Beginning of Fasting Based on the Javanese Aboge and Asapon Calendars 根据爪哇的阿波日和阿波日历法,斋戒的开始
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i4.386
A. Prabowo, Diah Paramita Amitarwati, S. Sukono
The Javanese calendar has been in use since July 8, 1633 AD, during the time of Sultan Agung. In the Javanese calendar, there is a cycle called kurup. Aboge is one of the kurup in the Javanese calendar, the third kurup after Awahgi and Amiswon. Currently, the Javanese calendar has reached the fourth circle, namely Asapon. Even though it is kurup, Aboge is special because Aboge is seen as a religious sect. Regarding determining the beginning of fasting and other religious holidays, Aboge has its own method based on the Javanese-Aboge Calendar, better known as the Aboge Calendar. This research was made to explain the inconsistency in determining the start of fasting calculated by the Aboge and Asapon calendars, compared to government regulations. The research method is a literature study and a case study surveying government regulation regarding the beginning of fasting and Eid al-Fitr. The study results show that both the Aboge Calendar and the Asapon Calendar are not appropriate when used as a guide for determining the implementation of religious holidays. 
爪哇历法自公元1633年7月8日苏丹阿贡时期开始使用。在爪哇历法中,有一个循环叫做kurup。Aboge是爪哇历法中的一个古龙,是继Awahgi和Amiswon之后的第三个古龙。目前,爪哇历法已经到了第四圈,即Asapon。虽然它是古鲁普,但Aboge是特别的,因为Aboge被视为一个宗教派别。关于确定斋戒和其他宗教节日的开始,Aboge有自己的方法,基于爪哇-Aboge日历,更广为人知的是Aboge日历。这项研究是为了解释在确定斋戒开始时,与政府规定相比,由Aboge和Asapon日历计算的不一致。研究方法采用文献研究法和案例研究法,调查政府对斋戒和开斋节的规定。研究结果表明,在确定宗教节日的实施时,无论是阿波日历还是阿波日历都不适合作为指导。
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引用次数: 0
How to Teach English to Children Early on 如何尽早教孩子英语
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i4.387
R. A. Hidayana, Usman A. Yakubu
Infrastructure and facilities should be sufficient to support the early introduction of English. To properly implement learning management, the teacher, who is a part of the learning process manager, must be aware of the early childhood thinking framework (AUD). Learning should be controlled to produce engaging and fulfilling learning activities. To make learning English for young children meaningful and enjoyable, singing (song) is used as a teaching tool. Children can be engaged in learning English by using a variety of approaches, tactics, games, and learning resources that will make them feel like they are playing rather than learning. Even the local culture can be useful for making learning enjoyable for AUD. The topic of learning English for AUD, in general, and through singing, in particular, will be covered in this article. A positive attitude toward learning English will keep AUD from being disinterested, dissatisfied, or even terrified by it.
基础设施和设施应该足以支持英语的早期引入。作为学习过程管理者的教师,要正确实施学习管理,必须了解幼儿思维框架(AUD)。应该控制学习,以产生有吸引力和充实的学习活动。为了让幼儿的英语学习变得有意义和愉快,唱歌(歌曲)是一种教学工具。孩子们可以通过使用各种方法、策略、游戏和学习资源来学习英语,让他们感觉自己是在玩而不是在学习。即使是当地的文化也可以使澳大利亚人愉快地学习。在这篇文章中,我们将讨论为澳大利亚人学习英语,尤其是通过唱歌。积极的英语学习态度将使澳大利亚人不会对英语不感兴趣,不满意,甚至害怕。
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引用次数: 0
THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM IN SELECTING THE OUTSTANDING STUDENTS AT SMKN 1 TULANG BAWANG USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS 运用层次分析法对土郎霸王中学优秀学生选拔的决策支持系统进行了研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i3.306
Darsin Darsin, Daniel Prayoga
In the era of globalization, many information technology developments in the field of education began to develop administrative systems using information technology, one of which is by using web-based applications.Decision Support system for the selection of the outstanding students In SMKN 1 Tulang Bawang Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method the system processes the calculation and disbursement of student achievement data with PHP programming language and Php MyAdmin as a tool to help manage databases using XAMPP.The Decision Support System for The Selection of Outstanding Students can provide convenience for the school in monitoring students and students can also obtain all information on facilities and news in the school.
在全球化时代,许多教育领域的信息技术发展开始利用信息技术开发管理系统,其中之一就是利用基于web的应用程序。优秀学生选拔决策支持系统采用层次分析法,该系统以PHP为编程语言,以PHP MyAdmin为工具,使用XAMPP辅助管理数据库,处理学生成绩数据的计算和发放。优秀学生选拔决策支持系统可以为学校监控学生提供方便,学生也可以获取学校的所有设施信息和新闻。
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引用次数: 0
PUNGGAWA-SAWI VALUES EDUCATION IN OVERSEAS BUGIS ETHNIC FAMILY AS LOCAL WISDOM OF THE FISHERMAN COMMUNITY (DESCRIPTION ANALYSIS FISHERMAN SOCIETY ON COAST BANDAR LAMPUNG) 邦加沙将海外布吉族家庭的教育视为渔民社区的地方智慧(描述分析南榜海岸班达渔民社会)
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i3.305
Rudi Irawan
In changes the values of life skills that occur in the Bugis ethnic fishing community, Karang Village, Telukbetung Timur District, Bandar Lampung City as local wisdom are due to incompatibility between the rules that are lived by the behavior they carry out, the weak role of social institutions in conducting supervision and socialization.  The values of life that are framed in the activities of Bagang in the next generation are low in interest and the next generation to apply the values of life of the Bugis ethnic in overseas lands in their interactions among family members, the community as well as in the development and implementation of the Bagang activity.  This study aims to determine the description of local wisdom in the process of educating the value of the life of the Bagang fishing community (read; Bagan) of the Overseas Bugis ethnicity in Karang Village, Teluk Betung Timur District, Bandar Lampung City. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach that functions to describe and explain a complex reality by applying concepts and theories that have been developed by scientists.Based on the results of the research and analysis, it was found that (1) the pattern of punggawa fishermen's families in preserving local wisdom in overseas lands by inculcating life skills values was more likely to be participatory education patterns.  This pattern tends to emphasize the process of the child's association with other punggawa or sawi who are more mature in developing their potential by providing maximum opportunities for achieving independence in living their lives.  (2) The sawi family in the process of preserving local wisdom by instilling life skills values their education, tends to use a repressive pattern from older family members to younger family members, either directly or indirectly.  Consequently, those with low education are positioned as people who accept the values of local wisdom in the lower class social strata.  (3) The process of applying the life skills values of punggawa or sawi  as local wisdom in the Bagang fishing community of the overseas Bugis ethnic in the Karang City Village area occurs because of the community's desire to survive with their existence as a fishing community that is unique with its traditions.
在发生在Bugis民族渔业社区的生活技能价值的变化中,kalang村,Telukbetung Timur区,Bandar Lampung市,作为当地智慧,是由于他们所执行的行为所遵循的规则与社会机构在进行监督和社会化方面的弱作用之间的不一致。巴岗活动中所建构的人生价值观在下一代的兴趣较低,下一代将海外布吉族的人生价值观应用于家庭成员、社区之间的互动以及巴岗活动的发展和实施中。本研究旨在确定巴岗渔业社区生命价值教育过程中对当地智慧的描述(阅读;蒲甘)的海外武吉士族的Karang村,打陆间铁木尔区,班达楠榜市。本研究使用的方法是描述性分析研究,采用定性方法,通过应用科学家开发的概念和理论来描述和解释复杂的现实。基于研究分析结果,发现(1)丰加川渔民家庭在海外土地上通过生活技能价值观的灌输来保存当地智慧的模式更倾向于参与式教育模式。这种模式倾向于强调儿童与其他punggawa或sawi的交往过程,这些punggawa或sawi通过提供在生活中实现独立的最大机会,在开发其潜力方面更加成熟。(2)萨维族在通过灌输生活技能来保存当地智慧的过程中,重视他们的教育,倾向于采用一种由年长的家庭成员直接或间接地压迫年轻的家庭成员的模式。因此,那些受教育程度低的人被定位为接受下层社会中地方智慧价值观的人。(3)将punggawa或sawi的生活技能价值观作为当地智慧应用于卡朗城村地区海外布吉族Bagang渔业社区的过程,是因为该社区希望以其独特的传统作为渔业社区的存在而生存。
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引用次数: 1
Design Prototype of Simple Jarimatic Visualization Application Model, Attracting, Motivating Early Children to Learn and Grow 简单色彩可视化应用模型设计原型,吸引、激励幼儿学习成长
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i3.316
Maria Atik Sunarti Ekowati
The main purpose of this work is to develop a model or product design into a final product that can meet user demands. The methodology of this study is the product development by making designs, samples, or models with the aim of testing the concept or work process of the product. In the product development process, users can take part in the product development process by evaluating and providing feedback. Therefore, we create a prototype design for a simple, attractive, and attractive Jarimatika visualization application model that motivates early childhood to learn and grow, which results in a product development of the Jarimatika Visualization Software.
这项工作的主要目的是将模型或产品设计开发成能够满足用户需求的最终产品。本研究的方法论是通过设计、样品或模型来开发产品,目的是测试产品的概念或工作过程。在产品开发过程中,用户可以通过评估和提供反馈来参与产品开发过程。因此,我们创建了一个简单,有吸引力,有吸引力的Jarimatika可视化应用程序模型的原型设计,激励幼儿学习和成长,从而产生了Jarimatika可视化软件的产品开发。
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引用次数: 0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING ACTIVITIES AND LEARNING MEDIA WITH STUDENTS' ECONOMIC LEARNING OUTCOMES 学习活动、学习媒介与学生经济学习成果的关系
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i3.308
Hersan Hersan, Dwi Okaviani Ogara, Tesi Komariyatun Jariah
This study aims to determine: (1) the relationship between learning activities and economic learning outcomes for students of X Accounting Class at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung, (2) the relationship between learning media and economic learning outcomes for students in X Accounting class at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung, (3) the relationship between between learning activities and learning media with economic learning outcomes for students of class X Accounting at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung. This research is an ex-post facto research. The population in this study were 102 students of class X SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung. Sampling was done using cluster random sampling technique. The results based on the use of cluster random sampling technique obtained class X Accounting as a sample of 40 students. Data were collected using the methods of observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires, while the analysis used Product Moment Correlation. The results show that (1) there is a close relationship between learning activities and economic learning outcomes for students of class X Accounting at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung, with the calculated value obtained thit = 5.3824 and tdaf = 2.02 the difference is 3.3624, thus thit tdaf, (2) there is a close relationship between learning media and economics learning outcomes for students of class X Accounting at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung, with the calculated value obtained thit = 4.2015 and tdaf = 2.02 the difference is 2.1815, thus hit tdaf, (3) there is a close relationship between learning activities and learning media with economic learning outcomes for students of class X Accounting at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung, with the calculated value obtained fhit = 3.4125 and fdaf = 3.26 with a difference of 0.1525 test criteria due to thit fdaf. From these calculations, it can be concluded that there is a close relationship between learning activities and learning media with economic learning outcomes for students of class X Accounting at SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung for the 2017/2018 academic year.
本研究旨在确定:(1)SMK HMPTI班加尔阿贡X会计班学生学习活动与经济学习成果的关系;(2)SMK HMPTI班加尔阿贡X会计班学生学习媒介与经济学习成果的关系;(3)SMK HMPTI班加尔阿贡X会计班学生学习活动、学习媒介与经济学习成果的关系。这项研究是一项事后研究。本研究人群为102名SMK HMPTI班加尔阿贡X班学生。采用整群随机抽样技术进行抽样。结果基于使用整群随机抽样技术得到X班会计作为样本的40名学生。数据收集采用观察法、访谈法、文献法和问卷法,分析采用积差相关法。结果表明:(1)SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung会计X班学生的学习活动与经济学学习成果之间存在密切的关系,计算值thit = 5.3824, tdaf = 2.02,差值为3.3624,即tdaf; (2) SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung会计X班学生的学习媒介与经济学学习成果之间存在密切的关系。(3) SMK HMPTI Banjar Agung会计X班学生的学习活动和学习媒介与经济学习成果关系密切,计算值fhit = 3.4125, fdaf = 3.26, fdaf = 0.1525个测试标准的差异。通过这些计算,可以得出结论,2017/2018学年SMK HMPTI班贾尔阿贡会计X班学生的学习活动和学习媒体与经济学习成果之间存在密切关系。
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引用次数: 0
Smartphone-based Robot Design Training with Voice Control for Senior High School in Tasikmalaya City Tasikmalaya市高中智能手机语音控制机器人设计培训
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i3.320
A. Sambas, G. Gundara, A. F. Ayob, Aan Andriana, F. Aziz
The main objective of this work is to provide training to build smart phone-based smart robots with voice control to teachers at Senior High Schools, Tasikmalaya City, Indonesia. This robot consists of various electronic components such as Arduino, IC L293D, Bluetooth Module HC05, dynamo, gear box and battery. In addition, we have used several software to build intelligent robots such as Arduino software for uploading a command and AMR voice application for controlling via voice commands. The results showed that the teachers had succeeded in making robots with voice control for forward and backward commands with the help of the AMR voice application. In addition, the results of this training are expected to increase the creativity of teachers in the learning process and as teaching materials to create an active and collaborative class.
这项工作的主要目的是为印度尼西亚Tasikmalaya市高中的教师提供培训,以建立基于智能手机的智能机器人,并进行语音控制。该机器人由Arduino、IC L293D、蓝牙模块HC05、发电机、齿轮箱、电池等多种电子元器件组成。此外,我们还使用了一些软件来构建智能机器人,例如Arduino软件用于上传命令,AMR语音应用程序用于通过语音命令进行控制。结果表明,教师们在AMR语音应用程序的帮助下,成功地制作了具有语音控制向前和向后命令的机器人。此外,这一培训的结果有望提高教师在学习过程中的创造力,并作为教材创造一个积极合作的课堂。
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引用次数: 0
Arduino Uno Programming Training for Senior High School in the City of Tasikmalaya Tasikmalaya市高中Arduino Uno编程培训
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.46336/ijeer.v2i3.319
A. Sambas, G. Gundara, M. Mujiarto, V. Rusyn, Aan Andriana, F. Aziz
This study aims to program basic Arduino UNO. First, we create an Arduino simulation circuit to turn on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) in the Proteus software. Next, make Arduino programming for the running LED. Finally, enter the Arduino program into the Arduino circuit on Proteus. This Arduino UNO programming training will be introduced to teachers in online training activities. With this training, it is hoped that teachers will be able to increase innovation and creativity in the subjects taught,
本课题旨在对基本Arduino UNO进行编程。首先,我们创建一个Arduino仿真电路来打开Proteus软件中的发光二极管(LED)。接下来对正在运行的LED进行Arduino编程。最后将Arduino程序输入到Proteus上的Arduino电路中。本次Arduino UNO编程培训将在在线培训活动中介绍给教师。通过这种培训,希望教师能够在所教授的科目中增加创新和创造力,
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Ethno-Sciences and Education Research
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