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Protective effect of conditioned medium derived from melatonin-stimulated stem cells from the apical papilla on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.031

Te-Yang Huang , Parichart Naruphontjirakul , Shih-Ching Tseng , Wen-Ta Su

Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity can be attenuated via paracrine mechanisms involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Conditioned medium (CM) from dental MSCs stimulates neuroprotective effects through trophic factors, and melatonin is a known enhancer of the efficacy of conditional media. Here, we investigated the protective effect of CM derived from stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), supplemented without and with melatonin CM (SCAP-CM and Mel-CM), against glutamate-induced PC12 cell apoptosis via the inhibition of intracellular calcium influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The results showed that CM effectively reduced glutamate-induced intracellular calcium ion concentration, ROS production, and LDH levels in PC12 cells, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited Bax and Cytochrome c protein expression while increasing Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, CM significantly reduced the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 to inhibit glutamate-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Notably, Mel-CM outperformed SCAP-CM in all aspects. This study demonstrates that melatonin can enhance the paracrine effects of stem cells and that Mel-CM mediates neuroprotection by inhibiting neuronal cell damage and apoptosis induced by glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the static and dynamic brain network mechanisms in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment based on independent component analysis

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.032

Yu Ji , Bin Wei , Yu-jing Dan , Qi Cheng , Wen-wen Fu , Ben-liang Shu , Qin-yi Huang , Hua Chai , Lin Zhou , Hao-yu Yuan , Xiao-rong Wu

Background

Previous neuroimaging studies have identified substantial structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Nonetheless, there remains a paucity of comprehensive research on the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within large-scale static and dynamic brain networks in these patients.

Methods

This study utilized independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate alterations in large-scale brain network FC in patients with RRD. Additionally, it employed support vector machine (SVM) to classify RRD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and examined the relationship between abnormal brain regions and clinical ophthalmic parameters.

Results

The RRD patients demonstrated significantly increased FC in the default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN) compared to the HCs, whereas the FC in the auditory network (AN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN) was significantly decreased. Analysis of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) revealed that the fraction of time (FT) spent in state 4 was significantly greater in RRD patients compared to HCs. SVM analysis showed that the AUC for classification using AN and FNC features reached 0.828 and 0.819, respectively. Additionally, the FC value of the right medial superior frontal gyrus (R-SFGmed) in RRD patients was positively correlated with axial length (r = 0.401, p = 0.038).

Conclusion

This study revealed that patients with RRD exhibit both damage and adaptive remodeling in their brain functional networks. Alterations in the AN and FNC may serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for distinguishing RRD patients from HCs, providing crucial neuroimaging evidence for understanding the mechanisms underlying visual loss in RRD.

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引用次数: 0

GATA3 modulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress inhibits cerebrovascular remodeling-mediated ischemic stroke by suppressing MBVSMC phenotypic transformation

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.033

Xiaoke Wu, Shaokuan Fang

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most predominant type of stroke, and cerebrovascular remodeling that occurs in response to risk factors facilitates its development. Mouse brain vascular smooth muscle cells (MBVSMCs) undergo phenotypic transformation during cerebrovascular remodeling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major driver of this process. The transcription factor of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has been shown to enhance the neuroprotective effect induced by ischemic preconditioning. However, its involvement in cerebrovascular remodeling and the underlying mechanism are yet to be elucidated. Our findings showed that the expression of GATA3 was reduced in the cerebrovascular remodeling model constructed using angiotensin II (AngII)-induced MBVSMCs. In addition, the overexpression of GATA3 and the treatment of MBVSMCs with AngII revealed that the activity of NADPH oxidase was decreased, mitochondrial ROS production was reduced, malondialdehyde levels were lowered, glutathione peroxidase activity was increased; the proliferative ability of MBVSMCs was decreased, and the expression levels of molecules related to phenotypic transformation were altered. Furthermore, GATA3 promoted the expression of ring finger protein 34 (RNF34) of ubiquitin ligase, which in turn enhanced the ubiquitinated degradation of oxidative stress-related molecules and inhibited the phenotypic transformation of MBVSMCs, thereby exerting a protective effect on cerebrovascular remodeling. Collectively, these results suggest that GATA3 binds to RNF34 to augment its expression and accelerate the ubiquitinated degradation of oxidative stress-related molecules, thus exerting protective effects in IS.

{"title":"GATA3 modulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress inhibits cerebrovascular remodeling-mediated ischemic stroke by suppressing MBVSMC phenotypic transformation","authors":"Xiaoke Wu, Shaokuan Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most predominant type of stroke, and cerebrovascular remodeling that occurs in response to risk factors facilitates its development. Mouse brain vascular smooth muscle cells (MBVSMCs) undergo phenotypic transformation during cerebrovascular remodeling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major driver of this process. The transcription factor of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has been shown to enhance the neuroprotective effect induced by ischemic preconditioning. However, its involvement in cerebrovascular remodeling and the underlying mechanism are yet to be elucidated. Our findings showed that the expression of GATA3 was reduced in the cerebrovascular remodeling model constructed using angiotensin II (AngII)-induced MBVSMCs. In addition, the overexpression of GATA3 and the treatment of MBVSMCs with AngII revealed that the activity of NADPH oxidase was decreased, mitochondrial ROS production was reduced, malondialdehyde levels were lowered, glutathione peroxidase activity was increased; the proliferative ability of MBVSMCs was decreased, and the expression levels of molecules related to phenotypic transformation were altered. Furthermore, GATA3 promoted the expression of ring finger protein 34 (RNF34) of ubiquitin ligase, which in turn enhanced the ubiquitinated degradation of oxidative stress-related molecules and inhibited the phenotypic transformation of MBVSMCs, thereby exerting a protective effect on cerebrovascular remodeling. Collectively, these results suggest that GATA3 binds to RNF34 to augment its expression and accelerate the ubiquitinated degradation of oxidative stress-related molecules, thus exerting protective effects in IS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"570 ","pages":"Pages 152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human social behavior and oxytocin: Molecular and neuronal mechanisms

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.026

Hiroaki Matsushita , Tei-ichi Nishiki

Oxytocin (OT) is a hormone that is crucial for regulating various human social behaviors, such as maternal instinct, empathy, and trust. Its secretion in the brain is triggered by social stimuli. Recent research demonstrated impaired regulation of OT secretion and reduced social behaviors in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus). OT interacts with other hormones to regulate human trust. Moreover, it has been shown to generate feelings of attachment and trust toward other and familiar consumer brands, thereby, potentially impacting personal consumption, which is a significant aspect of economic activity. This review provided insights into the molecular and neural mechanisms of OT in regulating human social behavior, including both social and economic activities.

引用次数: 0

Beyond the uniform creative brain: Inter-individual variability in functional connectivity correlates with creativity

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.018

Junchao Li , Ruiwang Huang , Ming Liu , Delong Zhang , Bishan Liang

Creativity, characterized by the pursuit of uniqueness and novelty, highlights the importance of individual variability, which have been a key focus in cognitive and behavioral research on creativity. However, most studies on the neural basis of creativity have primarily focused on consistent patterns of brain activity across individuals, with little attention to the variability in brain function. In this study, inter-subject representational similarity analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between inter-individual variability in resting-state functional connectivity and creative ability. The results revealed significant positive correlations between individual variability in functional connectivity maps of multiple brain regions, including the superior frontal gyrus, orbital gyrus, precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and lateral occipital cortex, and variability in creative ability. Notably, both intra-network variability within the default mode network (DMN) and visual network, as well as inter-network variability among the DMN, visual, sensorimotor, dorsal attention, and fronto-parietal networks, were linked to the variability in creative ability. The variations in functional connectivity patterns effectively distinguished individuals with high creative ability from those with lower ability. By examining creativity from the perspective of individual variability, this study provides new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying creativity.

{"title":"Beyond the uniform creative brain: Inter-individual variability in functional connectivity correlates with creativity","authors":"Junchao Li , Ruiwang Huang , Ming Liu , Delong Zhang , Bishan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creativity, characterized by the pursuit of uniqueness and novelty, highlights the importance of individual variability, which have been a key focus in cognitive and behavioral research on creativity. However, most studies on the neural basis of creativity have primarily focused on consistent patterns of brain activity across individuals, with little attention to the variability in brain function. In this study, inter-subject representational similarity analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between inter-individual variability in resting-state functional connectivity and creative ability. The results revealed significant positive correlations between individual variability in functional connectivity maps of multiple brain regions, including the superior frontal gyrus, orbital gyrus, precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and lateral occipital cortex, and variability in creative ability. Notably, both intra-network variability within the default mode network (DMN) and visual network, as well as inter-network variability among the DMN, visual, sensorimotor, dorsal attention, and fronto-parietal networks, were linked to the variability in creative ability. The variations in functional connectivity patterns effectively distinguished individuals with high creative ability from those with lower ability. By examining creativity from the perspective of individual variability, this study provides new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying creativity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"570 ","pages":"Pages 38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Night owls of Rio de la Plata region: Real-life scenarios to understand the biological clock.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.022

Bettina Tassino, María Juliana Leone

The Río de la Plata region, comprising Argentina and Uruguay, exhibits a remarkably late chronotype across all age groups, from childhood to adulthood, setting it apart from other populations worldwide. This pervasive eveningness, is accompanied by significant sleep deficits and severe misalignment between internal time and societal demands, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The widespread implementation of school shifts in this region offers a unique ecological condition to assess the impacts of these chronobiological challenges. Morning shift students face severe sleep deprivation and heighten social jet lag, whereas afternoon and evening shift students show healthier sleep patterns. Furthermore, longitudinal studies in Uruguayan dancers provide compelling evidence for the plasticity of the circadian system, as chronotypes dynamically adapt to changes in social and environmental conditions. The Rio de la Plata region, which stands out for the nocturnality of its people and for the extensive use of educational shifts, provides a unique opportunity to explore the impact of late chronotypes within ecological contexts, in which it is possible and to disentangle its specific influence from other confounding factors such as social pressure. Understanding the implications of late chronotypes on the plasticity of the circadian system has become essential for informing future public policies. Such policies must be grounded in region-specific evidence to address the unique challenges faced by nocturnal populations in early-oriented societies, aiming to promote equitable opportunities for improving sleep, cognitive performance, well-being, and overall health.

{"title":"Night owls of Rio de la Plata region: Real-life scenarios to understand the biological clock.","authors":"Bettina Tassino, María Juliana Leone","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Río de la Plata region, comprising Argentina and Uruguay, exhibits a remarkably late chronotype across all age groups, from childhood to adulthood, setting it apart from other populations worldwide. This pervasive eveningness, is accompanied by significant sleep deficits and severe misalignment between internal time and societal demands, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The widespread implementation of school shifts in this region offers a unique ecological condition to assess the impacts of these chronobiological challenges. Morning shift students face severe sleep deprivation and heighten social jet lag, whereas afternoon and evening shift students show healthier sleep patterns. Furthermore, longitudinal studies in Uruguayan dancers provide compelling evidence for the plasticity of the circadian system, as chronotypes dynamically adapt to changes in social and environmental conditions. The Rio de la Plata region, which stands out for the nocturnality of its people and for the extensive use of educational shifts, provides a unique opportunity to explore the impact of late chronotypes within ecological contexts, in which it is possible and to disentangle its specific influence from other confounding factors such as social pressure. Understanding the implications of late chronotypes on the plasticity of the circadian system has become essential for informing future public policies. Such policies must be grounded in region-specific evidence to address the unique challenges faced by nocturnal populations in early-oriented societies, aiming to promote equitable opportunities for improving sleep, cognitive performance, well-being, and overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulatory mechanisms of connexin26

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.027

Yihan Ke , Xiaozhou Liu , Yu Sun

Connexins are essential for cellular communication and play a critical role in various physiological processes, including hearing. Connexin26 (Cx26), encoded by the GJB2 gene, is a key component of cochlear gap junctions and is vital for potassium recycling and ATP release—both of which are vital for auditory function. Mutations in GJB2 are the primary cause of sensorineural hearing loss. However, the phenotypic variability observed in individuals with the same mutation suggests the involvement of other complex regulatory factors. While the regulatory mechanisms of Connexin43 have been extensively studied, research on the mechanisms of Cx26 remains limited. This review summarizes the reported regulatory mechanisms of GJB2 from multiple perspectives, both pre- and post-transcription, in an effort to explore ways to regulate connexin expression and provide new insights into gene therapy for diseases caused by alterations in connexin levels.

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of multimodal physiological signal differences in symptom fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease 帕金森病症状波动的多模态生理信号差异特征

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.028

Tian Zhang , Zhaohui Jin , Keke Chen , Guangying Pei , Tiantian Liu , Tianyi Yan , Boyan Fang

This study investigates the differences in multimodal physiological signals between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy individuals, focusing on how symptom fluctuations affect these signals in PD. A total of 35 PD patients and 30 healthy controls participated. The PD patients were further categorized into two groups: those with symptom fluctuations (SF) and those without (NSF). Multimodal physiological signals, including EEG, ECG, respiration, and pulse, were recorded in resting state. Features were extracted from these signals and analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. The results showed that the SF group had significantly higher absolute power in the β bands in the frontal, parietal, and central regions, as well as increased δ band power in the parietal regions compared to the NSF group. Additionally, several time-domain characteristics of the ECG signal were significantly greater in the SF group. These findings suggest that symptom fluctuations may influence cortical activity and cardiac autonomic function in PD patients. While levodopa-based treatments can alleviate certain symptoms, they may not fully compensate for the functional alterations in brain activity. Further research is needed to explore the effects on other physiological systems.

{"title":"Characteristics of multimodal physiological signal differences in symptom fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Tian Zhang , Zhaohui Jin , Keke Chen , Guangying Pei , Tiantian Liu , Tianyi Yan , Boyan Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the differences in multimodal physiological signals between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy individuals, focusing on how symptom fluctuations affect these signals in PD. A total of 35 PD patients and 30 healthy controls participated. The PD patients were further categorized into two groups: those with symptom fluctuations (SF) and those without (NSF). Multimodal physiological signals, including EEG, ECG, respiration, and pulse, were recorded in resting state. Features were extracted from these signals and analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. The results showed that the SF group had significantly higher absolute power in the β bands in the frontal, parietal, and central regions, as well as increased δ band power in the parietal regions compared to the NSF group. Additionally, several time-domain characteristics of the ECG signal were significantly greater in the SF group. These findings suggest that symptom fluctuations may influence cortical activity and cardiac autonomic function in PD patients. While levodopa-based treatments can alleviate certain symptoms, they may not fully compensate for the functional alterations in brain activity. Further research is needed to explore the effects on other physiological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"569 ","pages":"Pages 322-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term high altitude exposure reduces positive bias of facial recognition: Evidence from event-related potential

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.024

Yudian Cai , Xin An , Shan Dai , Hailin Ma , Yan Wang

High-altitude environments influence emotional biases. Nonetheless, the neural mechanisms underlying emotional facial processing, which could help explain depression due to high altitudes, remain unexplored. An emotional face recognition task was used to explore the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on emotional face recognition and event-related potentials were recorded in relation to a high-altitude group (n = 22) and a low-altitude group (n = 24). The results showed that the high-altitude group had longer reaction time, lower accuracy rates, and more negative P1 and N170 amplitudes. Moreover, compared with the low-altitude group, the positive bias of the N170 component in the high-altitude group decreased, and the right hemispheric lateralization of the P1 component disappeared. These results suggest that early and late stages of facial processing are influenced by high-altitude hypoxia. The decrease in positive bias in late processing may explain depression due to high altitudes.

引用次数: 0

Sensory feedback curbs the impact of nGVS on postural control in older adults.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.025

Daniel Paromov, Thomas Augereau, Karina Moïn-Darbari, Maxime Maheu, Benoit-Antoine Bacon, François Champoux

The aim of the present study was to examine the relative impact of the various sensory feedback sources on the improvement of postural control following nGVS in older adults. Thirty-eight participants (20 controls; 18 older adults) were recruited for this study. Participants performed the modified clinical test of sensory integration as part of the postural control assessment. Older adults received an nGVS stimulation which was compared to their baseline measurements and to an optimal performance (control group comprised of young adults). Results suggest that the nGVS-induced improvement of postural control in older individuals is significant only in conditions where visual and somatosensory feedback were hindered (sway area: p<.001, ƞ=.310; sway velocity: p<.001, ƞ=.266). The data also suggest that improvements in these conditions is more significant in individuals with reduced vestibular feedback (p < 0.001). The study confirms the potential impact of nGVS for the rehabilitation of balance difficulties in the elderly population, most particularly in conditions with less reliable somatosensory and visual inputs. nGVS effects are thus modulated by sensory feedback with a dominant effect of somatosensory and visual sensory cues.

本研究旨在探讨各种感觉反馈源对老年人在接受 nGVS 后改善姿势控制能力的相对影响。本研究招募了 38 名参与者（20 名对照组；18 名老年人）。作为姿势控制评估的一部分，参与者进行了改良的感觉统合临床测试。老年人接受了 nGVS 刺激，并与他们的基线测量结果和最佳表现（由年轻人组成的对照组）进行了比较。结果表明，只有在视觉和躯体感觉反馈受阻的情况下，nGVS 对老年人姿势控制能力的改善才是显著的（摇摆区：p＜0.05）。

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引用次数: 0

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