Neuroscience最新文献

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Electroacupuncture reduces microglial pyroptosis via P2X7R/NLRP3 axis in the rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.021

Yu-Ting Yan , Fei Guo , Yong-Fei Liu, Zhao-Yan Zhao, Xu-De Sun, Chang-Jun Gao

Asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACA/CPR) can severely damage the brain, but electroacupuncture may help reduce this damage through its anti-inflammatory effects. This study explored whether EA could mitigate microglial pyroptosis via the P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway in a rat ACA/CPR model, given that P2X7R activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory factors. Rats underwent an 8-minute ACA/CPR model, with EA stimulation at Baihui (GV 20), Shuigou (DU 26), and bilateral Neiguan (PC 6) every 12 h for three days. P2X7R was modulated using the inhibitor AZ10606120 and the agonist BzATP. Protein expression changes were analyzed using western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. ACA/CPR outcomes assessed included survival rate, neurological deficits, brain injury serum markers, and hippocampal ATP levels. The data indicated that microglia activation and co-localization with P2X7R/GSDMD occurred in the hippocampus of the ACA/CPR model, while EA reduced pyroptosis and P2X7R expression 24 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). In the primary microglial oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) model, P2X7R expression increased and then gradually decreased as reoxygenation time progressed. P2X7R and GSDMD levels were high 6 h post-reoxygenation, but AZ10606120 reduced their expression. BzATP counteracted EA’s suppression of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-FL, and GSDMD-N. Comparable assessments were conducted within the ACA/CPR + AZ10606120 and ACA/CPR cohorts. Consequently, it was deduced that EA exerts a neuroprotective effect following ACA/CPR by modulating P2X7R expression and suppressing microglial pyroptosis.

{"title":"Electroacupuncture reduces microglial pyroptosis via P2X7R/NLRP3 axis in the rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation","authors":"Yu-Ting Yan , Fei Guo , Yong-Fei Liu, Zhao-Yan Zhao, Xu-De Sun, Chang-Jun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACA/CPR) can severely damage the brain, but electroacupuncture may help reduce this damage through its anti-inflammatory effects. This study explored whether EA could mitigate microglial pyroptosis via the P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway in a rat ACA/CPR model, given that P2X7R activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory factors. Rats underwent an 8-minute ACA/CPR model, with EA stimulation at Baihui (GV 20), Shuigou (DU 26), and bilateral Neiguan (PC 6) every 12 h for three days. P2X7R was modulated using the inhibitor AZ10606120 and the agonist BzATP. Protein expression changes were analyzed using western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. ACA/CPR outcomes assessed included survival rate, neurological deficits, brain injury serum markers, and hippocampal ATP levels. The data indicated that microglia activation and co-localization with P2X7R/GSDMD occurred in the hippocampus of the ACA/CPR model, while EA reduced pyroptosis and P2X7R expression 24 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). In the primary microglial oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) model, P2X7R expression increased and then gradually decreased as reoxygenation time progressed. P2X7R and GSDMD levels were high 6 h post-reoxygenation, but AZ10606120 reduced their expression. BzATP counteracted EA’s suppression of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-FL, and GSDMD-N. Comparable assessments were conducted within the ACA/CPR + AZ10606120 and ACA/CPR cohorts. Consequently, it was deduced that EA exerts a neuroprotective effect following ACA/CPR by modulating P2X7R expression and suppressing microglial pyroptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"570 ","pages":"Pages 27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unequal burdens: How structural socioeconomic inequality shapes brain health in aging and dementia

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.016

Agustina Legaz , Sandra Baez , Agustin Ibañez

Structural socioeconomic inequality −the aggregate level unequal distribution of resources and opportunities within a region- significantly impacts brain health. Unlike traditional neuroscience approaches that focus on individual factors, recent studies highlight the biological embedding of macrosocial inequalities. We discuss studies on structural inequality that use EEG and f/MRI across diverse populations. Greater structural inequality is associated with adverse brain outcomes, such as reduced complexity, volume, and connectivity, particularly in temporo-posterior regions. Structural inequality significantly contributes to brain burden, even after accounting for individual demographics, and its effects are more pronounced in aging and dementia. This evidence opens a new framework for studying various physical (e.g., air pollution) and social (e.g., gender inequality, sociopolitical determinants) exposomes at the aggregate level in relation to brain health. Neuroscience can inform policymakers to address the positive brain health impacts of mitigating structural determinants of health through policies that enhance social safety and healthcare access.

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引用次数: 0

The sensory-effector cycle, contributions from a native species.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.015

Michel Borde, Angel A Caputi

The analysis of the action-perception cycle in Gymnotus omarorum has proven that this native species is an excellent model system to study the dynamics of this loop and the implementation mechanisms of its different stages. This analysis provided insight into cell and synaptic function, plasticity, circuitry ensemble, and neural codes. This research has also contributed to the development of Neuroscience that led to the foundation of the Sociedad Uruguaya de Neurociencias which anniversary this issue celebrates. This article first considers the features that these fish offer to the conceptual analysis of reafferent systems. Second, it focuses on some of the stages involved in the sensory effector cycle. This includes the analysis of: a) how the electromotor system contributes to the understanding of central pattern generators of rhythms and action patterns; b) how electric images are formed, peripherally encoded, and contribute to the understanding of how imaging molds perception; c) how sensory detection and behavioral responses to novel events may be used for describing the dynamics of the cycle; d) how the pulsed imaging strategy illustrates the importance of using a code of packeted well timed spikes for fast detection of sensory features; and d) how the interactions between electro' and skeletomotor control using the Mauthner initiated escape response serve as a useful neuroethological case study. We conclude by considering some still open questions and research perspectives that, together with the exceptional advantages offered by electric fish, provide promising advances in the general understanding of the neural basis of behavior.

{"title":"The sensory-effector cycle, contributions from a native species.","authors":"Michel Borde, Angel A Caputi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of the action-perception cycle in Gymnotus omarorum has proven that this native species is an excellent model system to study the dynamics of this loop and the implementation mechanisms of its different stages. This analysis provided insight into cell and synaptic function, plasticity, circuitry ensemble, and neural codes. This research has also contributed to the development of Neuroscience that led to the foundation of the Sociedad Uruguaya de Neurociencias which anniversary this issue celebrates. This article first considers the features that these fish offer to the conceptual analysis of reafferent systems. Second, it focuses on some of the stages involved in the sensory effector cycle. This includes the analysis of: a) how the electromotor system contributes to the understanding of central pattern generators of rhythms and action patterns; b) how electric images are formed, peripherally encoded, and contribute to the understanding of how imaging molds perception; c) how sensory detection and behavioral responses to novel events may be used for describing the dynamics of the cycle; d) how the pulsed imaging strategy illustrates the importance of using a code of packeted well timed spikes for fast detection of sensory features; and d) how the interactions between electro' and skeletomotor control using the Mauthner initiated escape response serve as a useful neuroethological case study. We conclude by considering some still open questions and research perspectives that, together with the exceptional advantages offered by electric fish, provide promising advances in the general understanding of the neural basis of behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in sensory and motor neurons populations following LPC-induced sciatic nerve demyelination in rats: A study using CTB retrograde tracing

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.005

Hui Wang , Shuang Wu , Jiaying Lu , Yuxin Su , Jia Wang , Yuqing Wang , Dongsheng Xu , Yihan Liu , Junhong Gao , Wanzhu Bai , Jingjing Cui

Numerous studies have reported changes in sensory and motor neurons following nerve injury. However, the alterations in the number and subtypes of these neurons after peripheral nerve demyelination remain unclear. This study examined the sciatic nerve’s sensory and motor functions and demyelination status in rats at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 post-lysolecithin (LPC) injection. Three rats from each group were injected with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) distal to the demyelinated region, followed by immunofluorescence analysis of sensory and motor neuron changes. Compared to day 0, days 7 and 14 showed a significant decline in mechanical pain thresholds and sciatic nerve function, with substantial demyelination observed. The number of CTB-labeled large and medium-sized sensory neurons decreased, while small sensory neurons remained unchanged. LPC demyelination reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and isolectin B4 (IB4) positive neurons in the L4-5 dorsal root ganglia, with no changes in neurofilament 200 (NF200) positive neurons. Additionally, alpha motor neurons decreased, but gamma motor neurons were unchanged, with significant microglial activation observed. By day 28, the numbers of medium-sized sensory and alpha motor neurons had nearly returned to baseline. These findings indicate significant changes in sensory and motor neuron populations post-demyelination, potentially contributing to dysfunction in peripheral demyelinating diseases. CTB tracing may effectively evaluate demyelination and remyelination.

{"title":"Changes in sensory and motor neurons populations following LPC-induced sciatic nerve demyelination in rats: A study using CTB retrograde tracing","authors":"Hui Wang , Shuang Wu , Jiaying Lu , Yuxin Su , Jia Wang , Yuqing Wang , Dongsheng Xu , Yihan Liu , Junhong Gao , Wanzhu Bai , Jingjing Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies have reported changes in sensory and motor neurons following nerve injury. However, the alterations in the number and subtypes of these neurons after peripheral nerve demyelination remain unclear. This study examined the sciatic nerve’s sensory and motor functions and demyelination status in rats at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 post-lysolecithin (LPC) injection. Three rats from each group were injected with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) distal to the demyelinated region, followed by immunofluorescence analysis of sensory and motor neuron changes. Compared to day 0, days 7 and 14 showed a significant decline in mechanical pain thresholds and sciatic nerve function, with substantial demyelination observed. The number of CTB-labeled large and medium-sized sensory neurons decreased, while small sensory neurons remained unchanged. LPC demyelination reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and isolectin B4 (IB4) positive neurons in the L4-5 dorsal root ganglia, with no changes in neurofilament 200 (NF200) positive neurons. Additionally, alpha motor neurons decreased, but gamma motor neurons were unchanged, with significant microglial activation observed. By day 28, the numbers of medium-sized sensory and alpha motor neurons had nearly returned to baseline. These findings indicate significant changes in sensory and motor neuron populations post-demyelination, potentially contributing to dysfunction in peripheral demyelinating diseases. CTB tracing may effectively evaluate demyelination and remyelination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"569 ","pages":"Pages 277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced EEG-based cognitive workload detection using RADWT and machine learning

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.01.068

Armin Ghasimi, Sina Shamekhi

Understanding cognitive workload improves learning performance and provides insights into human cognitive processes. Estimating cognitive workload finds practical applications in adaptive learning systems, brain-computer interfaces, and cognitive monitoring. In this work, different levels of cognitive workload are investigated, and a classification approach based on the Rational-Dilation Wavelet Transform (RADWT) is proposed. RADWT excels at capturing the oscillatory behavior of EEG signal sub-bands, offering high precision through its ability to adaptively analyze both temporal and spectral dynamics. Different classifications of machine learning and feature selection techniques were evaluated to get optimum classification accuracy and identify the most effective combination of features for the used dataset. The analysis shows that the most relevant brain region in differentiating cognitive workload levels is the frontal region, along with alpha and theta rhythm sub-bands. Integrating RADWT with a Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM) and minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection method yields notable classification accuracy. Concretely, the model yields accuracies of 96.6% for 0-back vs.3-back, 94.9% for 0-back vs 2-back, 92.3% for 2-back vs 3-back, and 81.7% for the three-class scenario. These results confirm the validity of the method proposed for estimating cognitive workload using the RADWT- and machine learning-based approach. The results also offer insights into neural mechanisms and a foundation for advanced applications in adaptive systems, brain-computer interfaces, and cognitive monitoring.

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引用次数: 0

Challenges and potential of science diplomacy in Latin America: A focus on neurosciences.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.014

Miriam Ileana Argueta de Sàenz, Eileen Brennan, Laura Castro-Aldrete, Juliana B De Salles Andrade, José Luis Jácome Guerrero, Graciela L Mazzone, María Del Mar Monti, Lizbeth Murillo, Rosana Ramirez, Romina Porreca, Avid Roman-Gonzalez, Marisa Russo, Perla Berenice Sánchez Reyna, Alcibiades E D Villarreal, María E Castelló

引用次数: 0

Cellular and subcellular distribution of the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+-exchanger subtype 4, NCKX4, in mouse brain

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.013

Mohamed Tarek Hassan, Sarvan Kumar Radhakrishnan , Sunita Sharma, Jonathan Lytton

SLC24A4, the gene encoding the K⁺-dependent Na⁺/Ca²⁺-exchanger, NCKX4, is widely expressed in the brain and involved in many neuronal functions. Here we use immunofluorescent staining and electron microscopy to map the expression of the NCKX4 protein across the mouse brain. Our data show that NCKX4 expression is higher in forebrain with particularly intense staining in specific brain regions, including olfactory bulb, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, hippocampal mossy fibers, substantia nigra, inferior olive and choroid plexus. These areas are closely associated with crucial functions such as learning and memory, reward processing, motor activity, and cerebrospinal fluid production. Co-immunostaining of NCKX4 with marker proteins and immuno-electron microscopy demonstrate that neuronal NCKX4 is not expressed in cell bodies but is confined to distal neuronal processes with preferential expression on the cell surface. In contrast, NCKX4 expression in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus is found exclusively at intracellular sites. We also compared NCKX4 to two other Na⁺/Ca²⁺-exchangers, NCKX2 and NCX1. NCKX4 is the only exchanger expressed in choroid plexus and hippocampal mossy fibers. In the substantia nigra, NCKX4 and NCKX2 show striking overlap while NCX1 is absent. In many other brain regions all three exchangers are present. These data suggest both distinct and redundant roles for these exchangers in different brain regions. This novel information provides valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying the contribution of NCKX4 to various physiological processes associated with different brain regions and suggests the existence of undiscovered roles for NCKX4 in the brain.

{"title":"Cellular and subcellular distribution of the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+-exchanger subtype 4, NCKX4, in mouse brain","authors":"Mohamed Tarek Hassan, Sarvan Kumar Radhakrishnan , Sunita Sharma, Jonathan Lytton","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SLC24A4, the gene encoding the K<sup>+</sup>-dependent Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>-exchanger, NCKX4, is widely expressed in the brain and involved in many neuronal functions. Here we use immunofluorescent staining and electron microscopy to map the expression of the NCKX4 protein across the mouse brain. Our data show that NCKX4 expression is higher in forebrain with particularly intense staining in specific brain regions, including olfactory bulb, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, hippocampal mossy fibers, substantia nigra, inferior olive and choroid plexus. These areas are closely associated with crucial functions such as learning and memory, reward processing, motor activity, and cerebrospinal fluid production. Co-immunostaining of NCKX4 with marker proteins and immuno-electron microscopy demonstrate that neuronal NCKX4 is not expressed in cell bodies but is confined to distal neuronal processes with preferential expression on the cell surface. In contrast, NCKX4 expression in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus is found exclusively at intracellular sites. We also compared NCKX4 to two other Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>-exchangers, NCKX2 and NCX1. NCKX4 is the only exchanger expressed in choroid plexus and hippocampal mossy fibers. In the substantia nigra, NCKX4 and NCKX2 show striking overlap while NCX1 is absent. In many other brain regions all three exchangers are present. These data suggest both distinct and redundant roles for these exchangers in different brain regions. This novel information provides valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying the contribution of NCKX4 to various physiological processes associated with different brain regions and suggests the existence of undiscovered roles for NCKX4 in the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"569 ","pages":"Pages 210-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian brain theory: Computational neuroscience of belief 贝叶斯脑理论：信仰的计算神经科学。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.12.003

Hugo Bottemanne

Bayesian brain theory, a computational framework grounded in the principles of Predictive Processing (PP), proposes a mechanistic account of how beliefs are formed and updated. This theory assumes that the brain encodes a generative model of its environment, made up of probabilistic beliefs organized in networks, from which it generates predictions about future sensory inputs. The difference between predictions and sensory signals produces prediction errors, which are used to update belief networks. In this article, we introduce the fundamental principles of Bayesian brain theory, and show how the brain dynamics of prediction are associated with the generation and evolution of beliefs.

贝叶斯脑理论是一种基于预测处理原理的计算框架，提出了一种信念生成和更新的机制公式。这一理论假设，大脑对其环境的生成模型进行编码，该模型由组织在网络中的概率信念组成，并由此产生对未来感官输入的预测。预测和感觉信号之间的差异产生预测误差，用于更新信念网络。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了信念的计算神经科学的基本原理，并展示了这种预测和更新的动态如何为精神病学中的信念现象学提供了一个全面的解释。

引用次数: 0

The role of deep layer superior colliculus neurons in prepulse inhibition and the impact of spatial separation in male rats 雄性大鼠上丘深层神经元在脉冲前抑制中的作用及空间分离的影响。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.12.047

Yu Ding , Huan Jiang , Na Xu , Liang Li

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the phenomenon in which a weak sensory stimulus before a strong one significantly reduces the startle reflex caused by the strong stimulus. Perceptual spatial separation, a phenomenon where auditory cues from the prepulse and background noise are distinguished in space, has been shown to enhance PPI. This study aims to investigate the neural modulation mechanisms of PPI by the spatial separation between the prepulse stimulus and background noise, particularly in the deep superior colliculus (deepSC). The experiment used 11 anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, with electrodes implanted in the left deepSC nd the right inferior colliculus (IC). The prepulse stimulus was a segment of narrowband noise, with interaural time differences adjusted so that the prepulse stimulus and background noise were perceived as either ipsilaterally leading or contralaterally leading, resulting in perceptual spatial fusion or spatial separation. The results showed that under conditions of spatial separation, the stimulus–response coherence of the envelope and fine structure components of the prepulse stimulus in the deepSC was significantly enhanced, the response of the deepSC to the stimulus was significantly reduced in the presence of the prepulse stimulus, and the envelope component of the prepulse stimulus was positively correlated with the inhibitory effect. The above results suggest that perceptual spatial dissociation can significantly enhance the expression of deepSC, particularly the precision of the envelope component, thereby significantly affecting the electrophysiological response of PPI.

脉冲前抑制（Prepulse inhibition， PPI）是指在强烈的感官刺激之前，微弱的感官刺激会显著降低由强烈刺激引起的惊吓反射。知觉空间分离，一种来自预脉冲和背景噪声的听觉线索在空间上被区分出来的现象，已被证明可以增强PPI。本研究旨在探讨脉冲前刺激与背景噪声的空间分离对PPI的神经调节机制，特别是在深部上丘（deepSC）。实验使用了11只麻醉的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠，将电极植入左侧深sc和右侧下丘（IC）。脉冲前刺激是一段窄带噪声，通过调整耳间时差，使脉冲前刺激和背景噪声被感知为同侧领先或对侧领先，从而导致感知空间融合或空间分离。结果表明，在空间分离条件下，预脉冲刺激的包膜成分和精细结构成分的刺激-反应相干性显著增强，预脉冲刺激存在时，深度sc对刺激的反应显著降低，且预脉冲刺激的包膜成分与抑制效果正相关。以上结果提示，知觉空间解离可显著增强deepSC的表达，尤其是包膜成分的表达精度，从而显著影响PPI的电生理反应。

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引用次数: 0

Media multitasking enhances individuals’ anticipatory brain functions 媒体多任务处理增强了个体的预期脑功能。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.12.051

Jie Zhang , Han Song , Can Xu , Shiwei Liu , Zhijie Zhang

Media multitasking has become pervasive in our daily lives, yet its impact on cognitive abilities remains contentious, with more evidence supporting adverse effects (scattered attention hypothesis) than benefits (trained attention hypothesis). Recent studies have increasingly focused on the training effects of behavioral training on anticipatory brain functions, which involve cognitive and motor preparation before stimulus onset, assessed using event-related potentials (ERPs). This study investigated whether media multitasking enhances anticipatory brain functions and how task difficulty influences this relationship. Participants performed a response discrimination task where they detected targets among distractors, with salient and nonsalient targets manipulating task difficulty. Behavioral results indicated faster response times and comparable accuracy in heavy media multitaskers (HMM) compared to light media multitaskers (LMM) across both salient and nonsalient conditions, suggesting that media multitasking can expedite responses without sacrificing accuracy. The larger Bereitschaftspotential (BP) amplitude observed in HMM compared to LMM reflects heightened motor preparation in HMM, consistent with their quicker responses. The larger prefrontal negativity (pN) and P3 amplitudes in the nonsalient condition for HMM indicate increased cognitive preparation before stimulus onset and heightened attention control after stimulus onset. Our results suggest that HMM can flexibly adjust resource allocation based on task demands to maintain their response speed advantage. These findings suggest that LMM may possess a relatively steady acceleration/brake system, whereas HMM exhibit a more adaptable system capable of responding flexibly to diverse situations. Overall, these results underscore the training effects of media multitasking on anticipatory brain functions, supporting the trained attention hypothesis.

媒体多任务处理在我们的日常生活中已经变得无处不在，但它对认知能力的影响仍然存在争议，更多的证据支持负面影响（分散注意力假说）而不是好处（训练注意力假说）。最近的研究越来越关注行为训练对预期脑功能的影响，包括刺激发生前的认知和运动准备，并使用事件相关电位（ERPs）来评估。本研究探讨了媒介多任务处理是否能增强预期脑功能，以及任务难度如何影响这种关系。参与者完成了一个反应辨别任务，他们在干扰物中发现目标，显著目标和非显著目标操纵任务难度。行为结果表明，在显著和非显著条件下，重度媒体多任务处理者（HMM）的反应时间和准确度都比轻度媒体多任务处理者（LMM）快，这表明媒体多任务处理可以在不牺牲准确性的情况下加快反应速度。与LMM相比，HMM中观察到的更大的bereitschaftpotential （BP）振幅反映了HMM的运动准备增强，与他们更快的反应一致。HMM非显著性条件下前额叶负性（pN）和P3波幅较大，表明刺激发生前认知准备增强，刺激发生后注意控制增强。研究结果表明，HMM可以根据任务需求灵活调整资源分配，以保持其响应速度优势。这些发现表明，LMM可能具有相对稳定的加速/制动系统，而HMM具有更强的适应性系统，能够灵活应对各种情况。总的来说，这些结果强调了媒体多任务处理对预期脑功能的训练效应，支持训练注意假说。

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