Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

Structural and covariance network alterations of the hippocampus and amygdala in congenital hearing loss children 先天性听力损失儿童海马和杏仁核的结构和协方差网络改变。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.037

Qianhui Xu , Jun Yao , Chunhua Xing , Xiaomin Xu , Yu-Chen Chen , Tao Zhang , Jin-Xia Zheng

Objective

The hippocampus and amygdala, as important components of the limbic system, play crucial roles in central remodeling in congenital hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate the morphological integrity and network properties of the subfields of hippocampus and amygdala in children with congenital hearing loss.

Methods

A total of 24 children with congenital hearing loss and 17 age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HC) are included in the study. T1-weighted images are analyzed by segmenting the brain into cortical and subcortical regions. Intergroup difference of volumes were explored. Structural covariance networks for the whole brain and hippocampus-amygdala subregions were constructed. Between-group differences of network property are investigated by comparing area under a range of network sparsity.

Results

Patients with congenital hearing loss exhibited significantly larger volumes in the right dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus. However, there were no significant differences in total hippocampal or showed decreased global efficiency and increased characteristic path length, indicating reduced network integration. Lower betweenness centrality was observed in the left hippocampal fissure in the hearing loss group. The changes in volume and network topological properties are not affected by age and sex.

Conclusion

Children with congenital hearing loss display specific volumetric increases in hippocampal subregions, suggesting compensatory adaptations to auditory deprivation. The hippocampus-amygdala network shows significant reorganization, potentially underpinning cognitive and behavioral development issues associated with congenital hearing loss. These findings highlight the importance of targeted neural substrates in understanding and addressing the developmental challenges faced by children with congenital hearing loss.

研究目的海马和杏仁核作为边缘系统的重要组成部分，在先天性听力损失的中枢重塑中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨先天性听力损失儿童海马和杏仁核亚区的形态完整性和网络特性：研究共纳入了 24 名先天性听力损失儿童和 17 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组（HC）。通过将大脑皮层和皮层下区域进行分割，对 T1 加权图像进行分析。研究还探讨了组间体积差异。构建了全脑和海马-杏仁核亚区的结构协方差网络。通过比较网络稀疏度范围下的面积，研究了网络属性的组间差异：结果：先天性听力损失患者右侧齿状回和海马 CA3 的体积明显增大。然而，海马体的总体积并无明显差异，或显示全局效率下降，特征路径长度增加，表明网络整合能力下降。在听力损失组中，左侧海马裂隙的中心度较低。体积和网络拓扑特性的变化不受年龄和性别的影响：结论：先天性听力损失儿童的海马亚区显示出特定的体积增加，这表明他们对听觉剥夺的补偿性适应。海马-杏仁核网络显示出显著的重组，可能是与先天性听力损失相关的认知和行为发展问题的基础。这些发现凸显了有针对性的神经基质对理解和解决先天性听力损失儿童所面临的发育挑战的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Nano revolutions in ischemic stroke: A critical analysis of current options and the potential of nanomedicines in diagnosis and therapeutics 缺血性中风的纳米革命：对纳米医学在诊断和治疗中的现有选择和潜力的批判性分析。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.022

Aarti Belgamwar , Rarchita Sharma , Yogesh Mali , Yogeeta O. Agrawal , Kartik T. Nakhate

A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted. This disruption can happen in two main ways: through a hemorrhagic stroke, where a blood vessel in the brain bursts, or through an ischemic stroke, where a blood clot blocks an artery. Both types of stroke cause damage to brain cells, leading to a range of health complications. Globally, stroke ranks as the second leading cause of death and disability. This review provides an overview of stroke, focusing on its early detection, current treatment options, and emerging therapies. We discuss the complex mechanisms that contribute to stroke development, including the roles of cells, biomolecules, and blood vessels. Additionally, the review explores recent advances in the use of nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of the pharmacotherapy of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. Ongoing clinical trials in stroke management are also highlighted. Timely diagnosis and prompt intervention are critical for improving patient outcomes. We aim to increase awareness and understanding of stroke among researchers and healthcare professionals, ultimately improving patient care.

中风又称脑血管意外（CVA），是大脑供血中断时发生的一种紧急医疗状况。这种中断主要通过两种方式发生：出血性中风，即脑血管破裂；缺血性中风，即血栓堵塞动脉。这两种中风都会对脑细胞造成损害，导致一系列健康并发症。在全球范围内，中风是导致死亡和残疾的第二大原因。本综述概述了中风，重点关注早期检测、现有治疗方案和新兴疗法。我们讨论了导致中风发生的复杂机制，包括细胞、分子和血管的作用。此外，本综述还探讨了使用纳米粒子加强中风治疗（尤其是缺血性中风）的最新进展。还重点介绍了正在进行的中风治疗临床试验。及时诊断和及时干预对改善患者预后至关重要。我们的目标是提高研究人员和医护人员对中风的认识和理解，最终改善患者护理。

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引用次数: 0

Neuro- and vasoprotective potential of neuropeptide Y2 receptor agonist, NPY13-36, against transient focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats 神经肽 Y2 受体激动剂 NPY13-36 对自发性高血压大鼠短暂局灶性脑缺血的神经和血管保护潜力

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.035

Łukasz Przykaza , Helena Domin , Maria Śmiałowska , Luiza Stanaszek , Paweł M. Boguszewski , Ewa Kozniewska

Numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors (Y2R) are potential targets for neuroprotective therapy, including neuroprotection against ischemic stroke in healthy rats. Since stroke in humans is typically associated with comorbidities and long-term hypertension is the most common comorbidity leading to stroke, this study aimed to assess the neuroprotective potential of the Y2R agonist NPY13–36 in the rats with essential hypertension (SHR) subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery suture occlusion with subsequent reperfusion (MCAOR). The cerebrocortical microflow in the ischemic focus and penumbra was continuously monitored with a Laser-Doppler flowmeter. NPY13–36 (10 μg/6 μl physiological saline solution) was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) during ischemia or early reperfusion. The infarct area (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), behavioral tests (gait, mobility, and sensorimotor functions), and the response of the cerebrocortical microcirculation in the penumbra to hypercapnia and to the inhibition of the synthesis of nitric oxide were studied. Our results demonstrate that administration of NPY13-36 reduces the size of the infarct, improves motor functions, and restores microcirculatory response to the blockade of nitric oxide synthase when administered during reperfusion. The novelty of this study is a finding of the vasoprotective effect of NPY13-36 in brain ischemia/reperfusion. Moreover, this study provides evidence of the beneficial effects of NPY13-36 in animals with essential hypertension and indicates that Y2R ligands may be promising candidates for treating the ischemic brain in the case of this disease.

大量体外和体内实验研究表明，神经肽 Y2 受体（Y2R）是神经保护疗法的潜在靶点，包括对健康大鼠缺血性脑卒中的神经保护。由于人类脑卒中通常与合并症有关，而长期高血压是导致脑卒中的最常见合并症，因此本研究旨在评估 Y2R 激动剂 NPY13-36 对接受 90 分钟大脑中动脉缝合闭塞和随后再灌注（MCAOR）的本质性高血压（SHR）大鼠的神经保护潜力。用激光多普勒血流仪连续监测缺血灶和半影区的大脑皮层微血流。在缺血或再灌注早期，脑室内注射 NPY13-36（10 μg/6 μl 生理盐水）。研究了梗死面积（三苯基氯化四氮唑染色）、行为测试（步态、活动能力和感觉运动功能）以及半影区大脑皮层微循环对高碳酸血症和一氧化氮合成抑制的反应。我们的研究结果表明，在再灌注期间给予 NPY13-36 可缩小梗死面积、改善运动功能并恢复微循环对一氧化氮合酶阻断的反应。这项研究的新颖之处在于发现了 NPY13-36 在脑缺血/再灌注中的血管保护作用。此外，这项研究还证明了 NPY13-36 对本质性高血压动物的有益作用，并表明 Y2R 配体可能是治疗这种疾病的脑缺血候选药物。

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引用次数: 0

Theta oscillations in observers’ temporal cortex index postural instability of point-light displays 观察者颞叶皮层中的θ振荡反映了点光源显示的姿势不稳定性。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.028

Banty Tia , Mitsuaki Takemi , Thierry Pozzo

This study investigates whether postural equilibration follows the same principles of motor resonance as goal-oriented actions, namely, whether an individual activates the same neuronal substrates when experiencing postural perturbation as when observing another individual in this condition. To address this question, we examined electroencephalographic dynamics while subjects observed point-light displays featuring an unstable human display, a stable human display, and their respective scrambled counterparts lacking shape information and biological motion. We focused on theta band (4–7 Hz), which is a fundamental frequency for modulating brain activity during challenging balance tasks and reflects postural stability monitoring. Rather than mirroring activity, our findings suggest an inhibitory response to postural instability. Theta event-related synchronization in the left temporal cortex was dampened for the unstable display as compared to its scramble counterpart and to the stable display. This low theta response coincided with an increase in left temporal-prefrontal connectivity, compatible with top-down inhibitory mechanisms. By contrast, the stronger theta response to the stable display as compared to the unstable one could be due to the difficulty of recognizing low-motion biological stimuli, or alternatively, to a facilitation of stimulus processing and strengthening of the mirroring response. The response facilitation for stable posture, coupled with a diminished response to the unstable display, could contribute to a broader mechanism mitigating postural threats and ensuring stable balance. Future investigations should leverage these findings to explore how posture-related responses correlate with perceptual and motor expertise, and to more clearly define these mechanisms during dynamic social interactions.

本研究探讨了姿势平衡是否遵循与目标导向动作相同的运动共振原理，即个体在经历姿势扰动时激活的神经元基底是否与在此条件下观察他人时激活的神经元基底相同。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了受试者在观察点光源显示时的脑电动态，点光源显示包括不稳定的人体显示、稳定的人体显示以及各自缺乏形状信息和生物运动的乱码显示。我们重点研究了θ波段（4-7赫兹），它是在高难度平衡任务中调节大脑活动的基本频率，反映了姿势稳定性监测。我们的研究结果表明，姿势不稳定性是一种抑制性反应，而不是镜像活动。与不稳定显示和稳定显示相比，左颞叶皮层的 Theta 事件相关同步受到抑制。这种低θ反应与左侧颞叶-前额叶连接的增加相吻合，与自上而下的抑制机制相符。相比之下，与不稳定显示相比，稳定显示的θ反应更强，这可能是由于识别低运动生物刺激的困难，或者是由于刺激处理的促进和镜像反应的加强。对稳定姿势的反应促进，再加上对不稳定显示的反应减弱，可能有助于建立一个更广泛的机制，以减轻姿势威胁并确保稳定平衡。未来的研究应该利用这些发现来探索姿势相关反应如何与知觉和运动专长相关联，并在动态社会互动中更清晰地定义这些机制。

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引用次数: 0

The surface-based degree centrality of patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: A resting-state fMRI study 终生早泄患者的表面度中心性：静息态 fMRI 研究。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.026

Fei Zhou , Wenbo Wu , Xueying He , Lei Cao, Ling Ni, Jiaming Lu

The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the resting-state brain functional network characteristics of lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) patients using surface-based degree centrality (DC), and to analyze the correlation between these alterations and clinical symptoms in PE patients. The study included individuals with lifelong PE (patient group, n = 36) and a control group matched by age and education level (control group, n = 22). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed on all participants. Surface-based degree centrality analysis was conducted and the differences between the two groups were compared using t-tests. Further, the DC values of brain regions showing significant differences were correlated with clinical symptoms. Compared to the control group, the patient group exhibited significantly reduced degree centrality (DC) values in the left precuneus and significantly increased DC values in the right supplementary motor area (SMA). Furthermore, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation (CIPE) values were positively correlated with left precuneus DC values and negatively correlated with right SMA DC values. Patients with primary lifelong ejaculation demonstrate abnormalities in key brain network nodes and their connections with relevant brain regions, which are strongly associate with clinical symptoms. These findings enhance our understanding of the neuronal pathological changes in PE patients.

本研究旨在利用基于表面的度中心性（DC）研究终生早泄（PE）患者静息态大脑功能网络特征的改变，并分析这些改变与早泄患者临床症状之间的相关性。研究对象包括终生早泄患者（患者组，n = 36）以及年龄和教育程度相匹配的对照组（对照组，n = 22）。对所有参与者进行了静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描。进行了基于表面的度中心性分析，并使用 t 检验比较了两组之间的差异。此外，显示显著差异的脑区的 DC 值与临床症状相关。与对照组相比，患者组左侧楔前区的度中心性（DC）值明显降低，而右侧辅助运动区（SMA）的DC值则明显升高。此外，阴道内射精潜伏时间（IELT）和中国早泄指数（CIPE）值与左侧楔前区的DC值呈正相关，而与右侧SMA的DC值呈负相关。原发性终生遗精患者的关键脑网络节点及其与相关脑区的连接异常，与临床症状密切相关。这些发现加深了我们对原发性终生遗精患者神经元病理变化的理解。

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引用次数: 0

The mother–child interface: A neurobiological metamorphosis 母子界面：神经生物学的蜕变

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.027

Elisa Cainelli , Luca Vedovelli , Patrizia Bisiacchi

From the start of pregnancy, mother and child induce reciprocal neurobiological changes in the brain that will prove critical for neurodevelopment and survival of both. Molecular communication between mother and fetus is constantly active and persists even after the fetus starts to synthesize its hormones in late gestation. Intriguingly, some mother and fetus exchange cells remain in the other’s brain and body with long-lasting effects and memories that do not follow the laws of classical genetics but involve complex epigenetic mechanisms. After childbirth, mother and child go through a transitional phase, a sort of limbo in which both will have a peculiar functioning profile, which is adaptive for contingencies but also renders them vulnerable. The interplay between these two “limbo” states allows for an easier transition to the subsequent phases of development.

In this review, we will trace mother’s and child’s path from pregnancy to the months following birth and, in particular, unravel i) the key features of pregnancy and brain development and the reciprocal influences; ii) how a transitory pattern of functioning characterize mother and child, moving them toward more flexible and evolved forms; and iii) how mother and fetus act during childbirth to promote neuroprotection, pain reduction, and neurophysiological changes. Therefore, this review covers a wide range of topics, integrating neuroanatomical, neurological, biochemical, neurophysiological, and psychological studies in a meaningful way, trying to integrate them in a holistic view of the mother–child interface that is usually neglected.

从怀孕开始，母亲和胎儿就会在大脑中引起相互的神经生物学变化，这些变化对双方的神经发育和生存都至关重要。母体和胎儿之间的分子交流持续活跃，甚至在妊娠晚期胎儿开始合成荷尔蒙后仍持续存在。耐人寻味的是，一些母亲和胎儿交换的细胞会留在对方的大脑和身体中，产生持久的影响和记忆，这些影响和记忆并不遵循经典的遗传学规律，而是涉及复杂的表观遗传学机制。分娩后，母亲和孩子会经历一个过渡阶段，这是一种 "临界状态"，在这个阶段中，双方都会有一种特殊的功能特征，这种特征既能适应突发事件，也会使他们变得脆弱。这两种 "临界 "状态之间的相互作用，使母婴更容易过渡到随后的发展阶段。在这篇综述中，我们将追溯母亲和孩子从怀孕到出生后几个月的成长历程，特别是要揭示：i) 怀孕和大脑发育的主要特征及其相互影响；ii) 母亲和孩子的过渡性功能模式如何使他们走向更灵活和进化的形式；iii) 母亲和胎儿在分娩过程中如何促进神经保护、减轻疼痛和神经生理变化。因此，这篇综述涵盖了广泛的主题，将神经解剖学、神经学、生物化学、神经生理学和心理学研究以有意义的方式整合在一起，试图以一种整体的视角来看待通常被忽视的母子界面。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the magnitude of abrupt change in sound pressure on the magnitude and phase synchrony of 40-Hz auditory steady state response 声压突然变化的幅度对 40 赫兹听觉稳态反应的幅度和相位同步性的影响。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.029

Eishi Motomura , Koji Inui , Motohiro Okada

A periodic sound with a fixed inter-stimulus interval elicits an auditory steady-state response (ASSR). An abrupt change in a continuous sound is known to affect the brain’s ongoing neural oscillatory activity, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. We investigated whether and how an abrupt change in sound intensity affects the ASSR. The control stimulus was a train of 1-ms clicks with a sound pressure level (SPL) of 70 dB at 40 Hz for 1000 ms. In addition to the control stimulus, we applied six stimuli with changes consisting of a 500-ms train at 70 dB followed by a 500-ms similar train with louder clicks of 75, 80, or 85 dB or weaker clicks of 55, 60, or 65 dB. We obtained the magnetoencephalographic responses from 15 healthy subjects while presenting the seven stimuli randomly. The two-dipole model obtained for the 40-Hz ASSR in the control condition was applied to all of the stimulus conditions for each subject, and then the time–frequency analysis was conducted. We observed that both the amplitude and the inter-trial phase coherence of the 40-Hz ASSR transiently decreased and returned to the steady state after the change onset, i.e., the desynchronization of 40-Hz ASSR. The degree of desynchronization depended on the magnitude of the change regardless of whether the sound intensity increased or decreased, which might be a novel neurophysiological index of cerebral response driven by a change in the sensory environment.

刺激间隔固定的周期性声音会引起听觉稳态反应（ASSR）。众所周知，连续声音的突然变化会影响大脑正在进行的神经振荡活动，但其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。我们研究了声音强度的突然变化是否以及如何影响 ASSR。对照刺激是一连串 1 毫秒的单击声，声压级 (SPL) 为 70 dB，频率为 40 Hz，持续 1000 毫秒。除了对照组刺激外，我们还使用了六种变化刺激，包括一列 500 毫秒的 70 分贝声压级列车，随后是一列 500 毫秒的类似列车，其中包含 75、80 或 85 分贝的较强点击声压级或 55、60 或 65 分贝的较弱点击声压级。我们从 15 名健康受试者那里获得了脑磁图反应，同时随机呈现了七种刺激。我们将对照条件下 40Hz ASSR 的双偶极子模型应用于每个受试者的所有刺激条件，然后进行时频分析。我们观察到，40-Hz ASSR 的振幅和试验间相位一致性均短暂下降，并在变化开始后恢复到稳定状态，即 40-Hz ASSR 的去同步化。无论声音强度是增加还是减少，非同步化的程度都取决于变化的幅度，这可能是感觉环境变化驱动大脑反应的一种新的神经生理学指标。

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引用次数: 0

Direct evidence for logarithmic magnitude representation in the central nervous system 中枢神经系统中对数幅度表征的直接证据。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.025

Youguo Chen , Jie Yu , Chunna Hou , Chunhua Peng

Fechner’s law proposes a logarithmic relationship between the physical intensity and perceived magnitude of a stimulus. The principle of logarithmic magnitude representation has been extensively utilized in various theoretical frameworks. Although the neural correlates of Weber’s law have been considered as possible evidence for Fechner’s law, there is still a lack of direct evidence for a logarithmic representation in the central nervous system. In our study, participants were asked to reproduce the time intervals between two circles and ignore their spatial distances while electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded synchronously. Behavioral results showed that a Bayesian model, which assumes a logarithmic representation of spatiotemporal information, was better at predicting production times than a model relying on a linear representation. The EEG results revealed that P2 and P3b amplitudes increased linearly with the logarithmic transformation of spatiotemporal information, and these event-related potentials were localized in the parietal cortex. Our study provides direct evidence supporting logarithmic magnitude representation in the central nervous system.

费希纳定律提出了刺激物的物理强度和感知幅度之间的对数关系。对数幅度表征原理已被广泛应用于各种理论框架中。尽管韦伯定律的神经相关性被认为是费希纳定律的可能证据，但中枢神经系统中的对数表征仍然缺乏直接证据。在我们的研究中，参与者被要求在同步记录脑电图（EEG）信号的同时，重现两个圆之间的时间间隔并忽略它们的空间距离。行为结果表明，贝叶斯模型（假设时空信息以对数表示）在预测制作时间方面优于依赖线性表示的模型。脑电图结果显示，P2 和 P3b 振幅随时空信息的对数变换而线性增加，这些事件相关电位定位于顶叶皮层。我们的研究为中枢神经系统的对数幅度表征提供了直接证据。

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引用次数: 0

Dualism, Materialism, and the relationship between the brain and the mind in experiencing pain 二元论、唯物主义以及大脑和心灵在体验疼痛时的关系。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.017

Richard Ambron

Characterizing the relationship between the brain and the mind is essential, both for understanding how we experience sensations and for attempts to create machine-based artificial intelligence. Materialists argue that the brain and the mind are both physical/material in nature whereas Cartesian dualists posit that the brain is material, the mind is non-material, and that they are separate. Recent investigations into the mechanisms responsible for pain can resolve this issue. Pain from an injury requires both the induction of a long-term potentiation (LTP) in a subset of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex and the creation of electromagnetic waves in the surrounding area. The LTP sensitizes synaptic transmission and, by activating enzyme cascades, changes the phenotype of the pyramidal neurons. The changes sustain the generation of the waves and the pain. The waves rapidly disseminate information about the pain to distant areas of the brain and studies using Transcranial Stimulation show that EM waves can influence the induction of LTP. According to leading contemporary theories, the waves will communicate with the mind, which is where the painfulness is experienced. The material brain and immaterial mind are therefore separate and we can no longer attribute painfulness solely to the activities of the brain. This is a radical departure from the contemporary view of brain functions and supports Cartesian Dualism. Consequently, consciousness and higher mental functions cannot be duplicated by mimicking the activities of the brain.

无论是对于理解我们如何体验感觉，还是对于尝试创造基于机器的人工智能，描述大脑和心灵之间的关系都至关重要。唯物主义者认为，大脑和思维在本质上都是物理/物质的，而笛卡尔二元论者则认为大脑是物质的，思维是非物质的，两者是分离的。最近对疼痛机制的研究可以解决这个问题。受伤引起的疼痛需要在前扣带回皮层的锥体神经元亚群中诱导长期电位（LTP），并在周围区域产生电磁波。LTP 使突触传递变得敏感，并通过激活酶级联改变锥体神经元的表型。这些变化维持着电磁波和疼痛的产生。经颅刺激研究表明，电磁波可影响 LTP 的诱导。根据当代领先的理论，电磁波会与心灵进行交流，而心灵正是体验疼痛的地方。因此，物质的大脑和非物质的心灵是分离的，我们不能再将疼痛感完全归因于大脑的活动。这与当代人对大脑功能的看法大相径庭，并支持笛卡尔二元论。因此，意识和高级精神功能无法通过模仿大脑活动来复制。

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引用次数: 0

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in long COVID disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis 长 COVID 疾病中的色氨酸代谢产物或犬尿氨酸途径：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.021

Abbas F. Almulla , Yanin Thipakorn , Bo Zhou , Aristo Vojdani , Rossitsa Paunova , Michael Maes

Background

Recent studies confirm the involvement of activated immune-inflammatory responses and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in Long COVID (LC) disease. However, the influence of these pathways on the metabolism of tryptophan (TRP) through the TRP catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway and their mediating effects on LC pathophysiology, has not been fully explored.

Objective

This meta-analysis investigates peripheral TRP and TRYCAT levels and the TRYCAT pathway in patients with LC disease.

Method

This review utilized systematic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and SciFinder, including 14 full-text articles and 1,167 participants, consisting of 480 patients with LC and 687 normal controls.

Results

The results indicated a significant increase in the kynurenine (KYN)/TRP ratio, with a large effect size (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.755; confidence intervals, CI: 0.119;1.392), in LC patients compared to normal controls. Additionally, LC patients exhibited a significant decrease in TRP levels (SMD = −0.520, CI: −0.793; −0.246) and an increase in KYN levels after imputing missing studies (SMD = 1.176, CI: 0.474; 1.877), suggesting activation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme and upregulation of the TRYCAT pathway. No significant elevation in TRYCAT-related neurotoxicity, kynurenic acid (KA)/KYN and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK)/KYN ratios were observed in LC patients compared to normal controls.

Conclusion

The current findings suggest that an activated TRYCAT pathway, characterized by decreased TRP levels and maybe elevated KYN levels, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of LC.

背景：最近的研究证实，免疫炎症反应的激活以及氧化应激和亚硝基应激的增加参与了Long COVID（LC）疾病。然而，这些途径通过 TRP 分解物（TRYCAT）途径对色氨酸（TRP）代谢的影响及其对 LC 病理生理学的介导作用尚未得到充分探讨：本荟萃分析调查了 LC 患者的外周 TRP 和 TRYCAT 水平以及 TRYCAT 途径：本综述系统检索了 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 SciFinder，包括 14 篇全文文章和 1,167 名参与者，其中包括 480 名 LC 患者和 687 名正常对照者：结果表明，与正常对照组相比，LC 患者的犬尿氨酸（KYN）/TRP 比值明显增加，且影响范围较大（标准化平均差，SMD = 0.755；置信区间，CI：0.119;1.392）。此外，LC 患者的 TRP 水平显著下降（SMD = -0.520，CI：-0.793；-0.246），而在归因缺失研究后，KYN 水平上升（SMD = 1.176，CI：0.474；1.877），这表明吲哚胺 2,3-二氧化酶（IDO）被激活，TRYCAT 通路被上调。与正常对照组相比，LC 患者的 TRYCAT 相关神经毒性、犬尿氨酸（KA）/KYN 和 3-羟基犬尿氨酸（3-HK）/KYN 比率未见明显升高：目前的研究结果表明，激活的 TRYCAT 通路在 LC 的病理生理学中起着重要作用，其特点是 TRP 水平降低，KYN 水平可能升高。

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