Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.004
Chen Yang, Rui Guo, Xinyu Song, Chonghui Li, Zijing Yang, Yang Li, Ke Liu, Shusheng Gong, Jing Xie
Currently, the accepted mechanism of noise-induced hidden hearing loss (NIHHL) is cochlear synaptopathy which disrupts afferent synapses of the cochlear inner hair cells; however, the molecular basis underlying the cochlear synaptopathy remains unclear. In this study, adult mice were subjected to single or twice moderate noise exposure (the 1st , and 2nd NE, respectively) . The results showed that mice after the 1st NE exhibited a temporary threshold shift (TTS) that recovered within two weeks, while immunofluorescence staining revealed loss of ribbon synapses. After 2nd NE, by contrast, permanent threshold shifts were observed, with more severe loss of ribbon synapses. Furthermore, we found that ERK1/2 was phosphorylated (p-ERK1/2) in the cochlea following both the 1st and 2nd NE, and the peak of p-ERK1/2 emerged earlier after the 2nd NE. Administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 significantly restored hearing compared with controls. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that noise exposure activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cochlea, leading to hearing loss, and indicate that activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may represent a cellular mechanism underlying NIHHL.
{"title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) is a key regulator of noise-induced hidden hearing loss.","authors":"Chen Yang, Rui Guo, Xinyu Song, Chonghui Li, Zijing Yang, Yang Li, Ke Liu, Shusheng Gong, Jing Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the accepted mechanism of noise-induced hidden hearing loss (NIHHL) is cochlear synaptopathy which disrupts afferent synapses of the cochlear inner hair cells; however, the molecular basis underlying the cochlear synaptopathy remains unclear. In this study, adult mice were subjected to single or twice moderate noise exposure (the 1st , and 2nd NE, respectively) . The results showed that mice after the 1st NE exhibited a temporary threshold shift (TTS) that recovered within two weeks, while immunofluorescence staining revealed loss of ribbon synapses. After 2nd NE, by contrast, permanent threshold shifts were observed, with more severe loss of ribbon synapses. Furthermore, we found that ERK1/2 was phosphorylated (p-ERK1/2) in the cochlea following both the 1st and 2nd NE, and the peak of p-ERK1/2 emerged earlier after the 2nd NE. Administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 significantly restored hearing compared with controls. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that noise exposure activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cochlea, leading to hearing loss, and indicate that activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may represent a cellular mechanism underlying NIHHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.01.027
David Pagliaccio, Dori M Grijseels, Eitan Schechtman
LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and related identities) individuals in science face unique career challenges. We surveyed a large sample (N = 428) of neuroscientists, uniquely capturing a diverse international population (hundreds of participants from both Europe and the USA; more than 60 transgender participants). In the USA compared to Europe, we found higher institutional support and higher likelihood of being out of the closet in academic settings. However, participants based in the USA also reported more negative workplace experiences. A concerning 15% of the participants reported experiencing harassment at their workplace. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses showed that reasons for not being out varied by group; for example, asexual people were more likely to mention a lack of understanding, while transgender people reported safety concerns. The majority of participants (67.3%) felt that legislation affected decisions within their scientific career, with most of these participants reporting moving away from locations unsupportive of LGBTQIA+ individuals, or forgoing career opportunities in certain locations. Overall, we show differential experiences of neuroscientists between the USA and Europe, as well as between identities. While our results demonstrate the challenges many LGBTQIA+ individuals in neuroscience face, they also put forward actionable recommendations for institutions which could vastly improve the lives and careers of LGBTQIA+ neuroscientists.
{"title":"Social, institutional, and political climates shape the experiences and careers of LGBTQIA+ neuroscientists worldwide.","authors":"David Pagliaccio, Dori M Grijseels, Eitan Schechtman","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and related identities) individuals in science face unique career challenges. We surveyed a large sample (N = 428) of neuroscientists, uniquely capturing a diverse international population (hundreds of participants from both Europe and the USA; more than 60 transgender participants). In the USA compared to Europe, we found higher institutional support and higher likelihood of being out of the closet in academic settings. However, participants based in the USA also reported more negative workplace experiences. A concerning 15% of the participants reported experiencing harassment at their workplace. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses showed that reasons for not being out varied by group; for example, asexual people were more likely to mention a lack of understanding, while transgender people reported safety concerns. The majority of participants (67.3%) felt that legislation affected decisions within their scientific career, with most of these participants reporting moving away from locations unsupportive of LGBTQIA+ individuals, or forgoing career opportunities in certain locations. Overall, we show differential experiences of neuroscientists between the USA and Europe, as well as between identities. While our results demonstrate the challenges many LGBTQIA+ individuals in neuroscience face, they also put forward actionable recommendations for institutions which could vastly improve the lives and careers of LGBTQIA+ neuroscientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.006
Xiao Yu , Kexin Zhang , Chengxia Kan , Yujie Ma , Sufang Sheng , Tianpeng Zheng , Xiaodong Sun
Diabetes mellitus has become a global public health challenge, with a steadily rising prevalence that imposes substantial socioeconomic burdens. Over recent years, the gut-brain axis (GBA) has garnered significant attention as a crucial biological framework. GBA denotes the intricate network of bidirectional signaling between the gut and the brain via neuronal, endocrine, and immunological pathways, with the connections among gut bacteria, gut barrier function, and neuroendocrine factors significantly influencing the progression of diabetes mellitus. Studies indicate that disruptions in gut microbiota balance and compromised intestinal barrier integrity are significantly associated with the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Gut flora regulates energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and immune responses via the generation of metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), while impaired gut barrier function can trigger systemic chronic inflammation, which in turn promotes insulin resistance. The GBA also influences appetite, energy balance and insulin secretion through neuroendocrine pathways. Imbalances in the gut microbiota may lead to neuroendocrine dysregulation, thereby accelerating diabetes pathogenesis. New diabetes treatment strategies are being explored based on research on the GBA. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome, restoration of gut barrier integrity, and correction of neuroendocrine dysregulation may offer novel avenues for managing diabetes and its associated complications. In conclusion, revealing the multidimensional pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus from the perspective of the GBA will help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"The gut-brain axis in diabetic neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and emotional disorders","authors":"Xiao Yu , Kexin Zhang , Chengxia Kan , Yujie Ma , Sufang Sheng , Tianpeng Zheng , Xiaodong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus has become a global public health challenge, with a steadily rising prevalence that imposes substantial socioeconomic burdens. Over recent years, the gut-brain axis (GBA) has garnered significant attention as a crucial biological framework. GBA denotes the intricate network of bidirectional signaling between the gut and the brain via neuronal, endocrine, and immunological pathways, with the connections among gut bacteria, gut barrier function, and neuroendocrine factors significantly influencing the progression of diabetes mellitus. Studies indicate that disruptions in gut microbiota balance and compromised intestinal barrier integrity are significantly associated with the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Gut flora regulates energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and immune responses via the generation of metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), while impaired gut barrier function can trigger systemic chronic inflammation, which in turn promotes insulin resistance. The GBA also influences appetite, energy balance and insulin secretion through neuroendocrine pathways. Imbalances in the gut microbiota may lead to neuroendocrine dysregulation, thereby accelerating diabetes pathogenesis. New diabetes treatment strategies are being explored based on research on the GBA. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome, restoration of gut barrier integrity, and correction of neuroendocrine dysregulation may offer novel avenues for managing diabetes and its associated complications. In conclusion, revealing the multidimensional pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus from the perspective of the GBA will help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"599 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.008
E Kate Webb, Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz, Jonathan Ipser, Nastassja Koen, Marilyn T Lake, Nadia Hoffman, Heather J Zar, Kerry J Ressler, Nathaniel G Harnett, Dan J Stein
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with accelerated biological aging. In general, psychological resilience is related to more normative aging patterns; however, among individuals with PTSD, resilience may be associated with older biological aging. For example, prior work suggests that individuals with PTSD who have higher psychological resilience show more advanced epigenetic aging than individuals with lower psychological resilience. We investigated whether psychological resilience moderated the relationship between PTSD and brain aging in a community sample of South African women. Individuals (N = 189) were recruited as part of the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Participants underwent a structural MRI and completed questionnaires of PTSD (modified-PTSD Symptom Scale, mPSS) and psychological resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; CD-RISC). Using a pre-trained model, a predicted brain age gap was derived. Linear models tested a CD-RISC x Group (no trauma exposure (NTE), trauma-exposed [TE], and PTSD) interaction on brain age gap. Follow-up models probed regional brain age gap (e.g., subcortical, frontal, parietal). There was no main effect of Group on brain age gap. There was a significant CD-RISC x Group interaction, such that higher CD-RISC scores were associated with a positive brain age gap (reflecting an older appearing brain) only in women with suspected PTSD but not in NTE or TE individuals. Follow-up tests showed the CD-RISC x Group interaction was only significant in the subcortical region, suggesting the effect was driven by alterations in subcortical structures frequently implicated in PTSD. Future longitudinal work should examine whether psychological resilience moderates PTSD-related brain aging across time.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与加速的生物衰老有关。总体而言，心理弹性与更规范的衰老模式相关；然而，在患有创伤后应激障碍的个体中，恢复力可能与老年生物学老化有关。例如，先前的研究表明，心理弹性较高的PTSD患者比心理弹性较低的患者表现出更严重的表观遗传衰老。我们调查了心理弹性是否调节了创伤后应激障碍和大脑衰老之间的关系，在一个社区样本的南非妇女。个体（N = 189）被招募作为德拉肯斯坦儿童健康研究的一部分。参与者接受结构MRI检查，并完成PTSD（修正PTSD症状量表，mPSS）和心理弹性量表（Connor-Davidson弹性量表，CD-RISC）的问卷调查。通过预先训练的模型，得出了预测的大脑年龄差距。线性模型测试CD-RISC x 组（无创伤暴露（NTE），创伤暴露[TE]和创伤后应激障碍）对脑年龄差距的相互作用。随访模型探测脑区域年龄差距（如皮质下、额叶、顶叶）。各组对脑年龄差距无显著影响。CD-RISC x 组之间存在显著的相互作用，因此，较高的CD-RISC评分仅在疑似PTSD的女性中与积极的脑年龄差距（反映出更老的大脑）相关，而在NTE或TE个体中则没有。后续测试显示CD-RISC x 组的相互作用仅在皮层下区域显著，这表明这种效应是由经常与PTSD相关的皮层下结构的改变驱动的。未来的纵向研究应该考察心理弹性是否会随着时间的推移调节ptsd相关的大脑衰老。
{"title":"The moderating role of psychological resilience on brain aging and PTSD in a community sample of South African women.","authors":"E Kate Webb, Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz, Jonathan Ipser, Nastassja Koen, Marilyn T Lake, Nadia Hoffman, Heather J Zar, Kerry J Ressler, Nathaniel G Harnett, Dan J Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with accelerated biological aging. In general, psychological resilience is related to more normative aging patterns; however, among individuals with PTSD, resilience may be associated with older biological aging. For example, prior work suggests that individuals with PTSD who have higher psychological resilience show more advanced epigenetic aging than individuals with lower psychological resilience. We investigated whether psychological resilience moderated the relationship between PTSD and brain aging in a community sample of South African women. Individuals (N = 189) were recruited as part of the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Participants underwent a structural MRI and completed questionnaires of PTSD (modified-PTSD Symptom Scale, mPSS) and psychological resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; CD-RISC). Using a pre-trained model, a predicted brain age gap was derived. Linear models tested a CD-RISC x Group (no trauma exposure (NTE), trauma-exposed [TE], and PTSD) interaction on brain age gap. Follow-up models probed regional brain age gap (e.g., subcortical, frontal, parietal). There was no main effect of Group on brain age gap. There was a significant CD-RISC x Group interaction, such that higher CD-RISC scores were associated with a positive brain age gap (reflecting an older appearing brain) only in women with suspected PTSD but not in NTE or TE individuals. Follow-up tests showed the CD-RISC x Group interaction was only significant in the subcortical region, suggesting the effect was driven by alterations in subcortical structures frequently implicated in PTSD. Future longitudinal work should examine whether psychological resilience moderates PTSD-related brain aging across time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.01.041
Yuki Kumagae, Atsushi Yamaguchi
Broca’s aphasia has traditionally been attributed to cortical damage in Broca’s area; however, emerging evidence suggests broader network-level dysfunction. This study investigated whether a consistent white-matter lesion underlies Broca’s aphasia and how its structural dysconnectivity (SDC) relates to functional network disruption and severity. We analyzed multimodal MRI data from patients with chronic Broca’s aphasia (n = 58). Voxel-based lesion overlap mapping (VLOM) revealed a focal white-matter lesion beneath the left central sulcus in 90% of patients with Broca’s aphasia. Logistic regression analysis showed that it distinguishes Broca’s aphasia from other aphasia types (Odds ratio = 149.2, p < 0.001), suggesting a specific association rather than general anatomical vulnerability. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) identified perisylvian regions associated with aphasia severity. Notably, the core lesion was centrally embedded within these regions predictive of severity. Approximately 40% of the streamlines passing through the core lesion were connected to the predictor regions. Diffusion tractography revealed that the core lesion disrupted key pathways, including the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and frontal aslant tract (FAT). Network modeling indicated SDC extended to large-scale networks, including salience, default mode, and frontoparietal networks. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that the SDC arising from the core lesion was significantly correlated with the extent of widespread network-level functional dysconnectivity and overall language function (r > 0.4, p < 0.05), thereby linking the structural pathology to the functional network abnormalities. These findings suggest Broca’s aphasia reflects a consistent focal lesion associated with distributed structural and functional disconnection, underscoring network-level pathology beyond Broca’s area.
{"title":"A consistent white-matter lesion is associated with network-level structural and functional disconnection in chronic Broca’s aphasia","authors":"Yuki Kumagae, Atsushi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.01.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broca’s aphasia has traditionally been attributed to cortical damage in Broca’s area; however, emerging evidence suggests broader network-level dysfunction. This study investigated whether a consistent white-matter lesion underlies Broca’s aphasia and how its structural dysconnectivity (SDC) relates to functional network disruption and severity. We analyzed multimodal MRI data from patients with chronic Broca’s aphasia (n = 58). Voxel-based lesion overlap mapping (VLOM) revealed a focal white-matter lesion beneath the left central sulcus in 90% of patients with Broca’s aphasia. Logistic regression analysis showed that it distinguishes Broca’s aphasia from other aphasia types (Odds ratio = 149.2, <em>p</em> < 0.001), suggesting a specific association rather than general anatomical vulnerability. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) identified perisylvian regions associated with aphasia severity. Notably, the core lesion was centrally embedded within these regions predictive of severity. Approximately 40% of the streamlines passing through the core lesion were connected to the predictor regions. Diffusion tractography revealed that the core lesion disrupted key pathways, including the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and frontal aslant tract (FAT). Network modeling indicated SDC extended to large-scale networks, including salience, default mode, and frontoparietal networks. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that the SDC arising from the core lesion was significantly correlated with the extent of widespread network-level functional dysconnectivity and overall language function (r > 0.4, <em>p</em> < 0.05), thereby linking the structural pathology to the functional network abnormalities. These findings suggest Broca’s aphasia reflects a consistent focal lesion associated with distributed structural and functional disconnection, underscoring network-level pathology beyond Broca’s area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"598 ","pages":"Pages 140-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.046
Shuimiao Lin, Jingping He, Zehui Cai, Bo Chen, Jian Guan
Background: Glioma is a highly malignant intracranial tumor with poor prognosis and inevitable recurrence. Glycolysis-targeted therapy has preclinical potential for glioma but limited clinical application, partly due to unclear crosstalk between glucose metabolism and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to construct a glucose metabolism-immune-related gene signature for glioma, validate its prognostic value, and explore underlying mechanisms.
Methods: Multi-omics data from TCGA, GEO (GSE16011,GSE15824), and CGGA were integrated. Glucose metabolism-related genes (GRGs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) from GeneCards were intersected with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between glioma and normal tissues to get 64 G&IRDEGs. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression screened 16 key genes to establish the GIRPG prognostic model.
Results: Patients were stratified into high/low-risk groups by median GIRPG score. High-risk patients had significantly worse overall survival (OS) in both TCGA (HR = 7.25, 95% CI:5.36-9.80, P < 0.001) and CGGA (P < 0.001) cohorts. Time-dependent ROC analysis confirmed robust predictive accuracy, with 1-/3-/5-year OS AUCs of 0.884/0.908/0.848 (TCGA) and 0.782/0.805/0.793 (CGGA). GIRPG was identified as an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.509, 95%CI:2.035-3.093, P < 0.001), and a nomogram integrating GIRPG with age and histological grade achieved the highest 5-year OS predictive accuracy. Functional analyses linked GIRPG to glucose metabolism-immunity crosstalk pathways (IL-10/IL-17 synthesis, PD-1 signaling), while PPI and single-cell analyses identified hub genes (MAP3K1, CD44, IL10) and cell-type-specific expression patterns.
Conclusions: GIRPG independently predicts glioma outcomes, reflects glucose metabolism-immunity crosstalk in the TME, and provides a prognostic tool and potential therapeutic targets for glioma precision treatment.
背景：脑胶质瘤是一种预后差、复发不可避免的颅内高度恶性肿瘤。糖酵解靶向治疗胶质瘤具有临床前潜力，但临床应用有限，部分原因是葡萄糖代谢与肿瘤免疫微环境（TME）之间的串串尚不清楚。本研究旨在构建神经胶质瘤的糖代谢免疫相关基因标记，验证其预后价值，并探讨其潜在机制。方法：整合TCGA、GEO （GSE16011、GSE15824）和CGGA的多组学数据。将来自GeneCards的葡萄糖代谢相关基因（GRGs）和免疫相关基因（IRGs）与胶质瘤和正常组织之间的差异表达基因（DEGs）交叉，得到64个G&IRDEGs。单因素Cox和LASSO回归筛选了16个关键基因，建立了GIRPG预后模型。结果：根据GIRPG中位评分将患者分为高/低危组。高危患者在两种TCGA中总生存期（OS）明显较差（HR = 7.25,95% CI:5.36-9.80, P ）结论：GIRPG独立预测胶质瘤结局，反映了TME中葡萄糖代谢-免疫的相互作用，为胶质瘤精准治疗提供了预后工具和潜在的治疗靶点。
{"title":"Predictive and prognostic value of a glucose metabolism disorder and immune-related gene signature in glioma.","authors":"Shuimiao Lin, Jingping He, Zehui Cai, Bo Chen, Jian Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.12.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glioma is a highly malignant intracranial tumor with poor prognosis and inevitable recurrence. Glycolysis-targeted therapy has preclinical potential for glioma but limited clinical application, partly due to unclear crosstalk between glucose metabolism and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to construct a glucose metabolism-immune-related gene signature for glioma, validate its prognostic value, and explore underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multi-omics data from TCGA, GEO (GSE16011,GSE15824), and CGGA were integrated. Glucose metabolism-related genes (GRGs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) from GeneCards were intersected with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between glioma and normal tissues to get 64 G&IRDEGs. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression screened 16 key genes to establish the GIRPG prognostic model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were stratified into high/low-risk groups by median GIRPG score. High-risk patients had significantly worse overall survival (OS) in both TCGA (HR = 7.25, 95% CI:5.36-9.80, P < 0.001) and CGGA (P < 0.001) cohorts. Time-dependent ROC analysis confirmed robust predictive accuracy, with 1-/3-/5-year OS AUCs of 0.884/0.908/0.848 (TCGA) and 0.782/0.805/0.793 (CGGA). GIRPG was identified as an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.509, 95%CI:2.035-3.093, P < 0.001), and a nomogram integrating GIRPG with age and histological grade achieved the highest 5-year OS predictive accuracy. Functional analyses linked GIRPG to glucose metabolism-immunity crosstalk pathways (IL-10/IL-17 synthesis, PD-1 signaling), while PPI and single-cell analyses identified hub genes (MAP3K1, CD44, IL10) and cell-type-specific expression patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GIRPG independently predicts glioma outcomes, reflects glucose metabolism-immunity crosstalk in the TME, and provides a prognostic tool and potential therapeutic targets for glioma precision treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.003
Siqi Wang, Siyu Sun, Lanlan Zhang, Guizhi Sun, Mengmeng Du, Yingying Dong, Yujun Gao, Weifeng Mi, Minghu Cui
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses significant health risks, yet diagnosis lacks objective biomarkers. This systematic review synthesizes functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies (2020-2025, n = 52) on functional connectivity (FC) in MDD. We found robust FC alterations within and between core networks (Default Mode, Salience, Central Executive), linked to rumination, emotion dysregulation, and cognitive deficits. These alterations varied with suicidal ideation, comorbidities, childhood trauma, and biological sex. Treatments (antidepressants, rTMS, ECT) demonstrated distinct normalization effects on specific networks. This review consolidates evidence for MDD as a "network interaction disorder," moving beyond single-network foci. It highlights the translational potential of fMRI-based FC for refining diagnosis, personalizing treatment, and provides a novel integrative framework for future research.
{"title":"Multi-brain network functional connectivity in major depressive disorder: a fMRI systematic review of mechanisms and clinical translation.","authors":"Siqi Wang, Siyu Sun, Lanlan Zhang, Guizhi Sun, Mengmeng Du, Yingying Dong, Yujun Gao, Weifeng Mi, Minghu Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses significant health risks, yet diagnosis lacks objective biomarkers. This systematic review synthesizes functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies (2020-2025, n = 52) on functional connectivity (FC) in MDD. We found robust FC alterations within and between core networks (Default Mode, Salience, Central Executive), linked to rumination, emotion dysregulation, and cognitive deficits. These alterations varied with suicidal ideation, comorbidities, childhood trauma, and biological sex. Treatments (antidepressants, rTMS, ECT) demonstrated distinct normalization effects on specific networks. This review consolidates evidence for MDD as a \"network interaction disorder,\" moving beyond single-network foci. It highlights the translational potential of fMRI-based FC for refining diagnosis, personalizing treatment, and provides a novel integrative framework for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meditation is a widely recognized practice that enhances mental well-being and cognitive function. Despite advances in EEG meditation neuroscience, challenges persist in extracting robust and interpretable features from complex, non-stationary EEG signals. Existing classification methods often rely on limited feature sets and traditional machine learning approaches. These methods lack comprehensive integration of advanced time–frequency analysis, deep learning, and modern nature-inspired optimization techniques. To address this gap, we introduce a hybrid EEG-based theta-band meditation classification framework that combines Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) and the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) to tune the parameters of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). EEG signals are pre-processed and converted into time–frequency images using the Stockwell Transform (S-transform). These images are fed into the proposed HHO-AOA-CNN framework, where HHO explores and AOA exploits to achieve effective hyper-parameter optimization. The optimized CNN is then used to classify EEG data into three categories: Vipassana (VIP), Isha Shoonya (IS), and Control (CTR). Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms standalone HHO-CNN, AOA-CNN, and baseline CNN models. The proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 94.20%, indicating strong classification performance. Additionally, statistical measures such as best, worst, average fitness, and standard deviation confirm the stability and robustness of the hybrid optimizer.
{"title":"Optimizing deep CNN architecture via hybrid Harris Hawks arithmetic algorithm for EEG meditation classification","authors":"Soniya Shakil Usgaonkar , Damodar Reddy Edla , Ramesh Dharavath","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meditation is a widely recognized practice that enhances mental well-being and cognitive function. Despite advances in EEG meditation neuroscience, challenges persist in extracting robust and interpretable features from complex, non-stationary EEG signals. Existing classification methods often rely on limited feature sets and traditional machine learning approaches. These methods lack comprehensive integration of advanced time–frequency analysis, deep learning, and modern nature-inspired optimization techniques. To address this gap, we introduce a hybrid EEG-based theta-band meditation classification framework that combines Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) and the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) to tune the parameters of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). EEG signals are pre-processed and converted into time–frequency images using the Stockwell Transform (S-transform). These images are fed into the proposed HHO-AOA-CNN framework, where HHO explores and AOA exploits to achieve effective hyper-parameter optimization. The optimized CNN is then used to classify EEG data into three categories: Vipassana (VIP), Isha Shoonya (IS), and Control (CTR). Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms standalone HHO-CNN, AOA-CNN, and baseline CNN models. The proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 94.20%, indicating strong classification performance. Additionally, statistical measures such as best, worst, average fitness, and standard deviation confirm the stability and robustness of the hybrid optimizer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"598 ","pages":"Pages 100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.005
Francesca Cirulli, Sarah J Spencer, Chen Zhang
{"title":"Unique Career Challenges: Social and Political Climates Shape LGBTQIA+ Careers as Neuroscientists.","authors":"Francesca Cirulli, Sarah J Spencer, Chen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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