Actinomycetes are indispensable in the search for novel, potent and eco friendly fertilizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Janibacter sp. RC18 to enhance tomato plant growth. Janibacter sp. RC18 isolated from turmeric rhizosphere was screened for in vitro and in vivo plant growth promoting traits. The in vitro plant growth promotion traits exhibited by the strain were phosphate solubilization and ammonia production. The strain RC18 inoculated tomato plant recorded significant (P< 0.05) increase in plant height (45.67cm ± 1.5), number of leaves (69.67 ± 3.5), weight (19.40 g ± 0.53), and high soil phosphate solubilizing bacterial count (7.2x105 CFU/g) compared to the uninoculated control. High endogenous plant nutrient content N, P, K, (4.4%, 0.8 % and 1.1%) was also obtained with inoculation of Janibacter. Significant (p< 0.01) positive correlation was recorded with endogenous plant nutrient content and all the plant growth parameters except with the number of flowers. Findings from this study indicate that Janibacter sp RC18 is a good candidate for bio-inoculant formulation .
{"title":"Tomato plant growth promotion potential of Janibacter sp strain RC18","authors":"R. C. Osaro-Matthew, F. Ire, N. Frank-peterside","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes are indispensable in the search for novel, potent and eco friendly fertilizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Janibacter sp. RC18 to enhance tomato plant growth. Janibacter sp. RC18 isolated from turmeric rhizosphere was screened for in vitro and in vivo plant growth promoting traits. The in vitro plant growth promotion traits exhibited by the strain were phosphate solubilization and ammonia production. The strain RC18 inoculated tomato plant recorded significant (P< 0.05) increase in plant height (45.67cm ± 1.5), number of leaves (69.67 ± 3.5), weight (19.40 g ± 0.53), and high soil phosphate solubilizing bacterial count (7.2x105 CFU/g) compared to the uninoculated control. High endogenous plant nutrient content N, P, K, (4.4%, 0.8 % and 1.1%) was also obtained with inoculation of Janibacter. Significant (p< 0.01) positive correlation was recorded with endogenous plant nutrient content and all the plant growth parameters except with the number of flowers. Findings from this study indicate that Janibacter sp RC18 is a good candidate for bio-inoculant formulation .","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83861686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethanol extract of pawpaw seed was evaluated for a possible application in the management of diabetes. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in rats, which were subsequently used to study the antihyperglycaemic effect of the extract. Four (4) treatment groups and two (2) control groups of 8 rats each were created using complete randomized design. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein (TP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT/AST), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine were studied using standard methods. A single dose of alloxan resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serum TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, with a corresponding decrease in serum HDL, urea and creatinine. Following treatment with varying doses of the extract, there was a decrease in serum TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, and an increase in serum HDL, urea and creatinine. It could be inferred from the research outcome that crude extract of pawpaw seed (200 mg/kg extract) could be effective in the management of diabetes.
{"title":"Effect of Pawpaw Seeds on Management of Alloxan-Induced-Diabetes in Rats","authors":"A. Oko, C.C. Nwuzor, E. Ekuma","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol extract of pawpaw seed was evaluated for a possible application in the management of diabetes. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in rats, which were subsequently used to study the antihyperglycaemic effect of the extract. Four (4) treatment groups and two (2) control groups of 8 rats each were created using complete randomized design. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein (TP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT/AST), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine were studied using standard methods. A single dose of alloxan resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serum TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, with a corresponding decrease in serum HDL, urea and creatinine. Following treatment with varying doses of the extract, there was a decrease in serum TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, and an increase in serum HDL, urea and creatinine. It could be inferred from the research outcome that crude extract of pawpaw seed (200 mg/kg extract) could be effective in the management of diabetes. ","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78495477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ojo, A. Ajibola, S. Adebajo, A. Oloyede, O. A. Ojo, T.Z. Chibundu
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacea (CRE) has become a growing food safety issue and an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions. This research study determined the presence of CRE in fresh vegetables. Vegetables were purchased from the retailers and analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae in line with Standard guidelines. The antibiotic profile of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae was determined using Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST). The Modified Hodges test (MHT), Carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), Modified carbapenem inactivation (mCIM), and Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) carbapenem inactivation (eCIM) were used screening for carbapenem resistance among Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae. Forty-six Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in all. Among organisms isolated were Citrobacter freundi, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella sp, and Escherichia coli. AST of the isolates showed that two out of three third-generation antibiotics used had the highest resistance of 100%. Thirty-six (78.26%) were multidrug-resistant, eighteen were CRE using MHT but using CIM, and sixteen were CRE. Eighteen were CRE using the mCIM method, while 17 were using eCIM. Conclusion: This study shows that vegetables can be a source of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and mCIM combined with eCIM is more sensitive in detecting CRE. Significance and Impact of Study: Ready-to-eat fresh Vegetables contain CRE.
{"title":"Characterization of Carabapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Fresh vegetables","authors":"A. Ojo, A. Ajibola, S. Adebajo, A. Oloyede, O. A. Ojo, T.Z. Chibundu","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacea (CRE) has become a growing food safety issue and an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions. This research study determined the presence of CRE in fresh vegetables. Vegetables were purchased from the retailers and analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae in line with Standard guidelines. The antibiotic profile of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae was determined using Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST). The Modified Hodges test (MHT), Carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), Modified carbapenem inactivation (mCIM), and Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) carbapenem inactivation (eCIM) were used screening for carbapenem resistance among Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae. Forty-six Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in all. Among organisms isolated were Citrobacter freundi, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella sp, and Escherichia coli. AST of the isolates showed that two out of three third-generation antibiotics used had the highest resistance of 100%. Thirty-six (78.26%) were multidrug-resistant, eighteen were CRE using MHT but using CIM, and sixteen were CRE. Eighteen were CRE using the mCIM method, while 17 were using eCIM. \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that vegetables can be a source of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and mCIM combined with eCIM is more sensitive in detecting CRE. \u0000Significance and Impact of Study: Ready-to-eat fresh Vegetables contain CRE. ","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82166366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Co-metabolism between plants and rhizosphere microbes is the mainstay of rhizoremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of the current study was to isolate and screen selected rhizosphere micro-fungi of two Asteraceae (Tridax procumbens and Chromolaena odorata) collected from the wild in University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State for bioremediation potential. Rhizosphere fungi were isolated, identified and evaluated for crude oil myco-remediation. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of crude oil on mycelial growth of the most abundant fungi was determined with poisoned plate assay method. The most abundant and recurring fungi around C. odorata and T. procumbens were determined using the serial dilution and plating methods. Analysis of the rhizosphere soil of T. procumbens and C. odorata showed they were sandy loam type. C. odorata soil had higher moisture, organic carbon, and acid content than T. procumbens. Aspergillus flavus and Trichoderma harzianum were the most abundant and recurring fungi in C. odorata and T. procumbens, respectively. Thirty-nine micro-fungi belonging to twenty genera were isolated from the test plants’ rhizosphere. A. flavus and T. harzianum tolerated 2.50 to 10.00% crude oil contamination assessed with their mycelial growth inhibition reducing with time. A. flavus and T. harzianum caused a 68.45% and 86.71% reduction of crude oil contamination respectively, in a time dependent manner. The filamentous fungi ~A. flavus and T. harzianum can potentially be used to simultaneously ameliorate crude oil contaminated soils in conjunction with C. odorata and T. procumbens, respectively in the innovative technology termed rhizoremediation.
{"title":"Bioremediation Potential of Selected Rhizosphere Fungi of Tridax Procumbens Linn. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob","authors":"E. Adongbede, A.A. Olomu","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Co-metabolism between plants and rhizosphere microbes is the mainstay of rhizoremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of the current study was to isolate and screen selected rhizosphere micro-fungi of two Asteraceae (Tridax procumbens and Chromolaena odorata) collected from the wild in University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State for bioremediation potential. Rhizosphere fungi were isolated, identified and evaluated for crude oil myco-remediation. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of crude oil on mycelial growth of the most abundant fungi was determined with poisoned plate assay method. The most abundant and recurring fungi around C. odorata and T. procumbens were determined using the serial dilution and plating methods. Analysis of the rhizosphere soil of T. procumbens and C. odorata showed they were sandy loam type. C. odorata soil had higher moisture, organic carbon, and acid content than T. procumbens. Aspergillus flavus and Trichoderma harzianum were the most abundant and recurring fungi in C. odorata and T. procumbens, respectively. Thirty-nine micro-fungi belonging to twenty genera were isolated from the test plants’ rhizosphere. A. flavus and T. harzianum tolerated 2.50 to 10.00% crude oil contamination assessed with their mycelial growth inhibition reducing with time. A. flavus and T. harzianum caused a 68.45% and 86.71% reduction of crude oil contamination respectively, in a time dependent manner. The filamentous fungi ~A. flavus and T. harzianum can potentially be used to simultaneously ameliorate crude oil contaminated soils in conjunction with C. odorata and T. procumbens, respectively in the innovative technology termed rhizoremediation.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81538414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Day/night or seasonal temperature fluctuation is a major factor during outdoor cultivation of microalgae. In the present study, we investigated the impact of simulated day/night temperatures (20oC night and 30oC day) on the growth, lipid, protein and carotenoid contents of four local oleaginous microalgae strains under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The impact of simulated day/night temperatures on the growth and biochemical compositions varied across species and culture conditions (mixotrophic or heterotrophic). The lipid productivity by Dictyosphaerium sp. under heterotrophic condition was twice the value obtained at constant temperature but showed no significant (p > 0.05) impact under mixotrophic condition. Desmodesmus subspicatus elicited higher lipid (15%) and carotenoid (56%) contents under simulated day/night temperature regime than at constant temperature (30oC) (p<0.05). There was a negative impact on the protein content of the microalgal species under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The above results have shown that these species have high potentials for co-production of lipids, protein and carotenoid under outdoor conditions.
{"title":"Growth, lipids, proteins, and carotenoid contents of some freshwater green microalgae under simulated day/night temperature fluctuation","authors":"C. Eze, I. O. Ogbonna, J. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Day/night or seasonal temperature fluctuation is a major factor during outdoor cultivation of microalgae. In the present study, we investigated the impact of simulated day/night temperatures (20oC night and 30oC day) on the growth, lipid, protein and carotenoid contents of four local oleaginous microalgae strains under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The impact of simulated day/night temperatures on the growth and biochemical compositions varied across species and culture conditions (mixotrophic or heterotrophic). The lipid productivity by Dictyosphaerium sp. under heterotrophic condition was twice the value obtained at constant temperature but showed no significant (p > 0.05) impact under mixotrophic condition. Desmodesmus subspicatus elicited higher lipid (15%) and carotenoid (56%) contents under simulated day/night temperature regime than at constant temperature (30oC) (p<0.05). There was a negative impact on the protein content of the microalgal species under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The above results have shown that these species have high potentials for co-production of lipids, protein and carotenoid under outdoor conditions.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73475738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Ilori, S. Isong, E. B. Oghate, B. Ojeniyi, So Durosaro, K. Akano, D. Oguntade, B.M. Onakoya, S.A. Olapade, M. Ozoje
This research was carried out to characterize single nucleotide polymorphism at the myostatin gene locus in indigenous and Nigerian locally adapted exotic turkeys. A total of 220-day-old poults comprising 120 local and 100 locally adapted exotic turkeys were sourced from reputable hatchery and were managed for 20 weeks under intensive management system. Blood samples were collected from 70 turkeys each form the two breeds via the brachial vein into Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottles for DNA extraction and amplification of target regions using commercially available kits when the birds were 8 weeks. Genomic regions containing exon 1 and 2 of MSTN gene including their surrounding introns were sequenced and analyzed using BioEdit, Codon Code Aligner, DnaSP and MEGA software. Codon-based test was also performed to estimate the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions (dN) to synonymous substitutions (dS). Results from our study showed that both local and exotic turkey breeds had one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (248 G>A) in exon 1 while SNP variant 333 G>A was detected only in exon 2 of exotic turkey. In intron 1, a total of 3 SNPs in local turkey and 2 SNPs in exotic turkey were detected. Intron 2 also revealed 4 and 3 SNPs in local and exotic turkeys respectively. Genetic diversity indices showed that local turkey had higher haplotype diversity at intron 1 (75 %) and intron 2 (84 %) while haplotype diversity of 20 % was estimated at exon 2 in exotic turkey. Our Codon-based test of selection showed dN/dS ratio of <1 (purifying selection) at G248A SNP loci, suggested a possible role of this non-synonymous SNP variant on growth performance. We recommend a population-based study to investigate the effect of this non-synonymous SNP G248A on growth and morpho-structural traits for breed improvement and conservation of our locally adapted turkey populations.
{"title":"Evaluation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Genetic Diversity at the Myostatin gene Locus in Indigenous and Locally Adapted Exotic Turkey breeds in Nigeria","authors":"B. Ilori, S. Isong, E. B. Oghate, B. Ojeniyi, So Durosaro, K. Akano, D. Oguntade, B.M. Onakoya, S.A. Olapade, M. Ozoje","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to characterize single nucleotide polymorphism at the myostatin gene locus in indigenous and Nigerian locally adapted exotic turkeys. A total of 220-day-old poults comprising 120 local and 100 locally adapted exotic turkeys were sourced from reputable hatchery and were managed for 20 weeks under intensive management system. Blood samples were collected from 70 turkeys each form the two breeds via the brachial vein into Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottles for DNA extraction and amplification of target regions using commercially available kits when the birds were 8 weeks. Genomic regions containing exon 1 and 2 of MSTN gene including their surrounding introns were sequenced and analyzed using BioEdit, Codon Code Aligner, DnaSP and MEGA software. Codon-based test was also performed to estimate the ratio of non-synonymous substitutions (dN) to synonymous substitutions (dS). Results from our study showed that both local and exotic turkey breeds had one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (248 G>A) in exon 1 while SNP variant 333 G>A was detected only in exon 2 of exotic turkey. In intron 1, a total of 3 SNPs in local turkey and 2 SNPs in exotic turkey were detected. Intron 2 also revealed 4 and 3 SNPs in local and exotic turkeys respectively. Genetic diversity indices showed that local turkey had higher haplotype diversity at intron 1 (75 %) and intron 2 (84 %) while haplotype diversity of 20 % was estimated at exon 2 in exotic turkey. Our Codon-based test of selection showed dN/dS ratio of <1 (purifying selection) at G248A SNP loci, suggested a possible role of this non-synonymous SNP variant on growth performance. We recommend a population-based study to investigate the effect of this non-synonymous SNP G248A on growth and morpho-structural traits for breed improvement and conservation of our locally adapted turkey populations.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. P. Uyon, I. Akpan, R. Moruf, N. Abiaobo, I. E. Asuquo, E. Udoinyang, M. Essien-Ibok, I. E. Udosen, I. George
Protein food sources are highly recommended for a healthy living and fish is one of the most recommended protein sources. This research was aimed at enhancing fish seed propagation and the effects of four fish reproductive hormones (Ovaprim, Carp pituitary extract, human chorionic gonadotropin, and Deoxy-corticosterone acetate) on some aspects of reproductive biology of Heterobranchus longifilis and Clarias gariepinus bought from Itu head-bridge, Akwa Ibom state. Sixty mature broodstocks (both males and females) of each species weighing 2.0 kg were used in this study. The experimental procedure was made up of four experimental groups (treatments) with three replicates including control. Each group was administered with the appropriate dosage of the respective reproductive hormone. The mean relative fecundity in both species using ovaprim and human chorionic gonadotropin showed no significant difference, while carp pituitary extract showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in both species. The mean egg hatchability values in the species administered with ovaprim, human chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary extract were similar (p > 0.05). Mean values were significantly different (p < 0.05) from those administered with Deoxy-corticosterone acetate. The mean fry survival rates in both species were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with human chorionic gonadotropin, carp pituitary extract and ovaprim, but showed significant difference (p < 0.05), except Deoxy-corticosterone acetate. Female brooders in the control tanks showed no result throughout the study. Treatments with the hormones yielded better result, except in the case of Deoxy-corticosterone acetate. It could be concluded that reproductive hormones, especially ovaprim and carp pituitary are better for breeding H. longifilis and C. gariepinus. The results from the study are crucial in encouraging fish seed propagation through the application of artificial hormones.
{"title":"Assessment of the Effects of Some Reproductive Hormones on Aspects of Reproductive Biology of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus longifilis","authors":"P. P. Uyon, I. Akpan, R. Moruf, N. Abiaobo, I. E. Asuquo, E. Udoinyang, M. Essien-Ibok, I. E. Udosen, I. George","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Protein food sources are highly recommended for a healthy living and fish is one of the most recommended protein sources. This research was aimed at enhancing fish seed propagation and the effects of four fish reproductive hormones (Ovaprim, Carp pituitary extract, human chorionic gonadotropin, and Deoxy-corticosterone acetate) on some aspects of reproductive biology of Heterobranchus longifilis and Clarias gariepinus bought from Itu head-bridge, Akwa Ibom state. Sixty mature broodstocks (both males and females) of each species weighing 2.0 kg were used in this study. The experimental procedure was made up of four experimental groups (treatments) with three replicates including control. Each group was administered with the appropriate dosage of the respective reproductive hormone. The mean relative fecundity in both species using ovaprim and human chorionic gonadotropin showed no significant difference, while carp pituitary extract showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in both species. The mean egg hatchability values in the species administered with ovaprim, human chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary extract were similar (p > 0.05). Mean values were significantly different (p < 0.05) from those administered with Deoxy-corticosterone acetate. The mean fry survival rates in both species were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with human chorionic gonadotropin, carp pituitary extract and ovaprim, but showed significant difference (p < 0.05), except Deoxy-corticosterone acetate. Female brooders in the control tanks showed no result throughout the study. Treatments with the hormones yielded better result, except in the case of Deoxy-corticosterone acetate. It could be concluded that reproductive hormones, especially ovaprim and carp pituitary are better for breeding H. longifilis and C. gariepinus. The results from the study are crucial in encouraging fish seed propagation through the application of artificial hormones.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fermentation with inclusion of organisms has been shown to improve the nutritional quality of food. This work was designed to investigate the effect of fermented mung beans (Vigina radiata) flour and protein quality in Wistar rats. The seed of V. radiata was sorted, washed, sun-dried, and later aseptically pulverized. The flour was then divided into seven portions of 500 g each and put in sterile containers. The six portions of flour were subjected to natural and induced fermentation for 4 days, using naturally occurring bacteria singly as a starter culture at 28 ±2oC, while the unfermented portion served as a control. The product of fermentation was used to determine the nutritional quality of the unfermented and fermented mung beans flour by studying the growth weight of visceral organs and body weight of rats and nitrogen retention of animals in various tissues of the internal organs, faeces and urine and protein quality of experimental animals fed. The growth weight of visceral organs and body weight of rats in the kidney (g) ranged from 17.52 ±0.62 to 23.07 ±0.78, liver (g) from 85.77 ±0.30 to 117.52 ±0.50 while muscle (g) ranged from 68.99 ±0.10 to 134.56 ±0.47. Nitrogen retention of animals fed with unfermented and fermented mung beans flour in kidney (g) 13.45 ±0.02 to 50.34 ±0.01, liver (g) 12.44 ±0.01 to 50.38 ±0.02, muscle (g) 12.89 ±0.01 to 50.55 ±0.01, faeces (g) 0.36 ±0.01 to 0.89 ±0.01 while urine 0.35 ±0.01 to 0.84 ±0.02. The protein quality of experimental animals fed in Biological Value (BV) ranged from 0.00 to 70.67 ±1.15, Net Protein Utilization (NPU) 0.00 to 76.33 ±1.53, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) 0.00 to 2.27 ±0.15, Net Protein Ratio (NPR) 0.00 to 3.47 ±0.11 while gained/loss ranged from -10.59 ±0.01 to 30.88 ±5.76. The fermentation increase quality of nutrient present in mung beans and fermented mung beans flour may promote the weight of internal organs of Wistar rats.
{"title":"Biotechnological Effect of Fermented Mung Beans (Vigna Radiata) Flour and Its Protein Quality in Wistar Rats","authors":"R. Lawal, O. Oyegoke, M. Abiona","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation with inclusion of organisms has been shown to improve the nutritional quality of food. This work was designed to investigate the effect of fermented mung beans (Vigina radiata) flour and protein quality in Wistar rats. The seed of V. radiata was sorted, washed, sun-dried, and later aseptically pulverized. The flour was then divided into seven portions of 500 g each and put in sterile containers. The six portions of flour were subjected to natural and induced fermentation for 4 days, using naturally occurring bacteria singly as a starter culture at 28 ±2oC, while the unfermented portion served as a control. The product of fermentation was used to determine the nutritional quality of the unfermented and fermented mung beans flour by studying the growth weight of visceral organs and body weight of rats and nitrogen retention of animals in various tissues of the internal organs, faeces and urine and protein quality of experimental animals fed. The growth weight of visceral organs and body weight of rats in the kidney (g) ranged from 17.52 ±0.62 to 23.07 ±0.78, liver (g) from 85.77 ±0.30 to 117.52 ±0.50 while muscle (g) ranged from 68.99 ±0.10 to 134.56 ±0.47. Nitrogen retention of animals fed with unfermented and fermented mung beans flour in kidney (g) 13.45 ±0.02 to 50.34 ±0.01, liver (g) 12.44 ±0.01 to 50.38 ±0.02, muscle (g) 12.89 ±0.01 to 50.55 ±0.01, faeces (g) 0.36 ±0.01 to 0.89 ±0.01 while urine 0.35 ±0.01 to 0.84 ±0.02. The protein quality of experimental animals fed in Biological Value (BV) ranged from 0.00 to 70.67 ±1.15, Net Protein Utilization (NPU) 0.00 to 76.33 ±1.53, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) 0.00 to 2.27 ±0.15, Net Protein Ratio (NPR) 0.00 to 3.47 ±0.11 while gained/loss ranged from -10.59 ±0.01 to 30.88 ±5.76. The fermentation increase quality of nutrient present in mung beans and fermented mung beans flour may promote the weight of internal organs of Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81525964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. I. James, A.A. Ibout, P. S. Akpan, E. Bassey, A. Edem, R. Okon
Biological agents are microorganisms or their products that can be potentially applied in biological warfare. The use of biological agents as weapons in conflicts has been prevalent throughout history. With the increase in terrorism incidents globally and within the Nigerian environment, as well as the graduation of terrorist groups from their previous objectives of fighting governments to inflicting mass damage and national carnage, bioterrorism actions are becoming a possibility that Nigeria needs to be aware and prepare for. The anthrax-laden letter attacks in the USA in 2001 led to realization of the possibilities of, and dangers posed in bioterrorism actions, and increased investment in preparedness for a potential bioterrorism attack by the US and other developed nations. Defending the nation against possible events involving such agents obviously requires being prepared. The Nigerian security and emergency management sector seem to be totally unprepared for most emergency situations, and therefore may not cope in the face of a biological attack, leading to the increase in spread and effects of such incidents. This article aims to look at the challenges posed to emergency preparedness for potential biological incidents in Nigeria and outline steps that can be taken to prepare for them.
{"title":"Bio-Terrorism Incidents: Nigeria Awareness and Preparedness","authors":"I. I. James, A.A. Ibout, P. S. Akpan, E. Bassey, A. Edem, R. Okon","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Biological agents are microorganisms or their products that can be potentially applied in biological warfare. The use of biological agents as weapons in conflicts has been prevalent throughout history. With the increase in terrorism incidents globally and within the Nigerian environment, as well as the graduation of terrorist groups from their previous objectives of fighting governments to inflicting mass damage and national carnage, bioterrorism actions are becoming a possibility that Nigeria needs to be aware and prepare for. The anthrax-laden letter attacks in the USA in 2001 led to realization of the possibilities of, and dangers posed in bioterrorism actions, and increased investment in preparedness for a potential bioterrorism attack by the US and other developed nations. Defending the nation against possible events involving such agents obviously requires being prepared. The Nigerian security and emergency management sector seem to be totally unprepared for most emergency situations, and therefore may not cope in the face of a biological attack, leading to the increase in spread and effects of such incidents. This article aims to look at the challenges posed to emergency preparedness for potential biological incidents in Nigeria and outline steps that can be taken to prepare for them.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"85 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83620258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Anigboro, Egosmaka O. Egbune, O. Akeghware, P. Evie, A. A. Samofordu, N. J. Tonukari
In this study, the effect of different inoculum sizes of Rhizopus oligosporus on solid-state fermented (SSF) cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) was evaluated. The results of the study show that the samples fermented with R. oligosporus at different inoculum sizes (5-30%) had statistically higher activity of α-amylase, as well as higher levels of proteins and glucose, but significantly reduced pH and reducing sugar contents (p<0.05) compared to the control (0%) after 72 h of fermentation. The optimal levels of amylase activity, glucose and soluble proteins were observed in the samples fermented using inoculum sizes between 10 and 20%. The study revealed that solid-state fermentation of cocoyam enhanced its shelf life, nutritive value and bioavailability of nutrients. This suggests that it is not only an excellent component for human and animal feed production, but also a suitable substrate for industrial production of important biomolecules.
{"title":"Biochemical parameters of solid-state fermented cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) using Rhizopus oligosporus at different inoculum sizes","authors":"A. Anigboro, Egosmaka O. Egbune, O. Akeghware, P. Evie, A. A. Samofordu, N. J. Tonukari","doi":"10.4314/njb.v39i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v39i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of different inoculum sizes of Rhizopus oligosporus on solid-state fermented (SSF) cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) was evaluated. The results of the study show that the samples fermented with R. oligosporus at different inoculum sizes (5-30%) had statistically higher activity of α-amylase, as well as higher levels of proteins and glucose, but significantly reduced pH and reducing sugar contents (p<0.05) compared to the control (0%) after 72 h of fermentation. The optimal levels of amylase activity, glucose and soluble proteins were observed in the samples fermented using inoculum sizes between 10 and 20%. The study revealed that solid-state fermentation of cocoyam enhanced its shelf life, nutritive value and bioavailability of nutrients. This suggests that it is not only an excellent component for human and animal feed production, but also a suitable substrate for industrial production of important biomolecules.","PeriodicalId":19168,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77030015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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