Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2021.1952544
C. Wardhaugh, R. Leschen
ABSTRACT The subalpine Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, 1882 group of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) is revised to include the fully winged Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, which is redescribed, and two new brachypterous species, C. apicula sp. nov. and C. lyriformis sp. nov.. A key to the species is provided. These Chalcolampra Blanchard, 1853 species are distinguished from other New Zealand members of the genus by their distinctive bicoloured body and the presence of tab-like posterior extensions on the elytra.
{"title":"Revision of the endemic Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, 1882 group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)","authors":"C. Wardhaugh, R. Leschen","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2021.1952544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2021.1952544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The subalpine Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, 1882 group of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) is revised to include the fully winged Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, which is redescribed, and two new brachypterous species, C. apicula sp. nov. and C. lyriformis sp. nov.. A key to the species is provided. These Chalcolampra Blanchard, 1853 species are distinguished from other New Zealand members of the genus by their distinctive bicoloured body and the presence of tab-like posterior extensions on the elytra.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"44 1","pages":"26 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46812025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1802881
O. Vergara, N. Nelson, S. Hartley
ABSTRACT Pitfall traps are commonly used to sample surface-active invertebrates, although the efficiency of the technique varies among taxa. We investigated how baiting pitfall traps with squid influenced sampling of some ground-dwelling invertebrates in New Zealand forests. The study was conducted across a total of 21 sets of seven lethal pitfall traps established between November 2012 and November 2015 in Aorangi and Remutaka forests. Four non-baited and three squid-baited lethal pitfall traps were established per set and remained active for one night during November/December and three nights during February. Squid-baited pitfall traps caught four times as many ground wētā and three times more cave wētā per unit effort than unbaited traps. Most of the ground wētā were identified as Hemiandrus pallitarsis (Walker, 1869). Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, Staphylinidae, Opiliones, Hymenoptera and Araneae were also more abundant in squid-baited than in unbaited traps. There was little difference in the catches of peripheral pitfall traps versus central pitfall traps, suggesting that 5 m spacing is sufficient to generate independent samples. Exceptions were Araneae and Amphipoda which were both approximately 1.5 times more abundant in central compared to peripheral unbaited traps. The attraction of ground and cave wētā to squid provides some insight into their dietary range. The higher catches obtained with squid-baiting, suggests this may be a useful modification to increase sampling rates, which is valuable where sampling effort is logistically constrained such as on islands or other remote study sites.
{"title":"The effects of squid-baiting pitfall traps for sampling wētā (Orthoptera) and other ground-dwelling forest invertebrates","authors":"O. Vergara, N. Nelson, S. Hartley","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1802881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1802881","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pitfall traps are commonly used to sample surface-active invertebrates, although the efficiency of the technique varies among taxa. We investigated how baiting pitfall traps with squid influenced sampling of some ground-dwelling invertebrates in New Zealand forests. The study was conducted across a total of 21 sets of seven lethal pitfall traps established between November 2012 and November 2015 in Aorangi and Remutaka forests. Four non-baited and three squid-baited lethal pitfall traps were established per set and remained active for one night during November/December and three nights during February. Squid-baited pitfall traps caught four times as many ground wētā and three times more cave wētā per unit effort than unbaited traps. Most of the ground wētā were identified as Hemiandrus pallitarsis (Walker, 1869). Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, Staphylinidae, Opiliones, Hymenoptera and Araneae were also more abundant in squid-baited than in unbaited traps. There was little difference in the catches of peripheral pitfall traps versus central pitfall traps, suggesting that 5 m spacing is sufficient to generate independent samples. Exceptions were Araneae and Amphipoda which were both approximately 1.5 times more abundant in central compared to peripheral unbaited traps. The attraction of ground and cave wētā to squid provides some insight into their dietary range. The higher catches obtained with squid-baiting, suggests this may be a useful modification to increase sampling rates, which is valuable where sampling effort is logistically constrained such as on islands or other remote study sites.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"77 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1802881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2021.1896061
B. Dominiak
ABSTRACT Sydney has a high plant biosecurity risk due to the volume of international freight and postal items. Additionally, a high number of tourists enter Australia through Sydney. In 1995, an array of fruit fly surveillance traps was established to monitor for exotic fruit fly incursions. Here, the number of detections of the fruit fly subfamily Dacinae (Insecta, Diptera, Tephrididae) was reviewed for the period between 2010 and 2019. The results revealed that no exotic fruit flies were detected during this period. However, many established species were detected and species present were placed into international standards. Bactrocera tryoni, B. cacuminatra, Dacus absonifacies, and D. aequalis were classified as established due to a large number of specimens trapped. Sydney was likely to be an area of low pest prevalence for B. neohumeralis in some years and pest free in other years. Low numbers of B. bancrofti, B. brunnea, B. jarvisi, and B. mayi were trapped, and Sydney was likely to be classified free from these species based on international standards. Also, trapping records indicated that Sydney was free from D. newmani however this species was known to occur in inland NSW. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. endiandrae were likely to be incursions that did not establish in most years.
{"title":"Surveillance for exotic fruit fly of the subfamily Dacinae (Insecta, Diptera, Tephrididae) and a review of the Dacinae established in Sydney, Australia, between 2010 and 2019","authors":"B. Dominiak","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2021.1896061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2021.1896061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sydney has a high plant biosecurity risk due to the volume of international freight and postal items. Additionally, a high number of tourists enter Australia through Sydney. In 1995, an array of fruit fly surveillance traps was established to monitor for exotic fruit fly incursions. Here, the number of detections of the fruit fly subfamily Dacinae (Insecta, Diptera, Tephrididae) was reviewed for the period between 2010 and 2019. The results revealed that no exotic fruit flies were detected during this period. However, many established species were detected and species present were placed into international standards. Bactrocera tryoni, B. cacuminatra, Dacus absonifacies, and D. aequalis were classified as established due to a large number of specimens trapped. Sydney was likely to be an area of low pest prevalence for B. neohumeralis in some years and pest free in other years. Low numbers of B. bancrofti, B. brunnea, B. jarvisi, and B. mayi were trapped, and Sydney was likely to be classified free from these species based on international standards. Also, trapping records indicated that Sydney was free from D. newmani however this species was known to occur in inland NSW. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. endiandrae were likely to be incursions that did not establish in most years.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"114 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2021.1896061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42523435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1802880
T. Sullivan, N. Sullivan, A. El-Sayed, S. Brierley, D. Suckling
ABSTRACT Social wasps are amongst the most loathed exotic predators in New Zealand, with widespread adverse impacts on native ecosystems and fauna. Sustainable alternatives to pesticides are sorely needed in Fuscospora (beech) forests. We tested a new semiochemical evaluation protocol to assess the extent of high-density trap competition as an indicator of mass trapping, in an open landscape adjacent to a beech forest near Cass (Canterbury, New Zealand), for potential worker or drone removal. We tested the kairomone lure using a before-after control-impact design at a 1-ha scale with a grid of 25 bucket traps as a high-density trapping treatment (three replicates). The trial was affected by a major inundation event and catches declined steadily in both treatments for the month following, and treatment effects were not significantly different. Drone captures in sticky traps showed a dose response in catch to 1, 3 or 10 gynes (virgin queens). Sticky traps baited with three gynes in a 5 × 5 array over 1 ha (four replicates), caught a mean of 7.39 (±0.88) drones per trap per day across the high density and control traps (n = 116), but there was no difference in the number of drones caught per central trap in the control and treatment plots (n = 4 per plot), demonstrating the limitations of our methods under extreme population pressure in such a mobile species. It is proposed that the gyne sex pheromone be identified and investigated for potential use in area-wide suppression, as it holds more promise as an attractant than the kairomones tested.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0809A1F-87C2-431C-BA14-548F00D954F9
{"title":"Experimental high-density trapping of social wasps: target kairomones for workers or gynes for drones?","authors":"T. Sullivan, N. Sullivan, A. El-Sayed, S. Brierley, D. Suckling","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1802880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1802880","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social wasps are amongst the most loathed exotic predators in New Zealand, with widespread adverse impacts on native ecosystems and fauna. Sustainable alternatives to pesticides are sorely needed in Fuscospora (beech) forests. We tested a new semiochemical evaluation protocol to assess the extent of high-density trap competition as an indicator of mass trapping, in an open landscape adjacent to a beech forest near Cass (Canterbury, New Zealand), for potential worker or drone removal. We tested the kairomone lure using a before-after control-impact design at a 1-ha scale with a grid of 25 bucket traps as a high-density trapping treatment (three replicates). The trial was affected by a major inundation event and catches declined steadily in both treatments for the month following, and treatment effects were not significantly different. Drone captures in sticky traps showed a dose response in catch to 1, 3 or 10 gynes (virgin queens). Sticky traps baited with three gynes in a 5 × 5 array over 1 ha (four replicates), caught a mean of 7.39 (±0.88) drones per trap per day across the high density and control traps (n = 116), but there was no difference in the number of drones caught per central trap in the control and treatment plots (n = 4 per plot), demonstrating the limitations of our methods under extreme population pressure in such a mobile species. It is proposed that the gyne sex pheromone be identified and investigated for potential use in area-wide suppression, as it holds more promise as an attractant than the kairomones tested.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0809A1F-87C2-431C-BA14-548F00D954F9","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"65 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1802880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1858695
M. Winterbourn, H. Greig, A. McIntosh
ABSTRACT Females of many species of Trichoptera (caddisflies) use pheromones to attract males prior to mating. A diverse array of chemosensory sensilla present on the antennae of both males and females are likely to mediate communication between the sexes. Zelandopsyche ingens Tillyard is a large oeconesid caddisfly, which inhabits small forest streams in the South Island of New Zealand. At night, males of Z. ingens were found standing on the tops of large stones projecting from the stream bed and waving their antennae up and down. This behaviour is thought to be associated with the detection of chemosensory signals from con-specific females. Meanwhile, females occupied various substrata on the stream bank and within the channel. Bi-directional sticky traps placed immediately above the stream collected large numbers of low-flying males, particularly on their downstream sides suggesting many may have been moving upstream in response to pheromonal cues. Some captured females had laid eggs on the traps indicating they were undertaking oviposition flights. Sensilla on the antennae of both sexes were predominantly forward-directed long grooved trichoids overlying numerous short stellate pseudoplacoids of two morphological forms that have not been described before.
{"title":"Nocturnal behaviour and the antennal sensory receptors of Zelandopsyche ingens Tillyard (Trichoptera: Oeconesidae), a stream-inhabiting caddisfly","authors":"M. Winterbourn, H. Greig, A. McIntosh","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1858695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1858695","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Females of many species of Trichoptera (caddisflies) use pheromones to attract males prior to mating. A diverse array of chemosensory sensilla present on the antennae of both males and females are likely to mediate communication between the sexes. Zelandopsyche ingens Tillyard is a large oeconesid caddisfly, which inhabits small forest streams in the South Island of New Zealand. At night, males of Z. ingens were found standing on the tops of large stones projecting from the stream bed and waving their antennae up and down. This behaviour is thought to be associated with the detection of chemosensory signals from con-specific females. Meanwhile, females occupied various substrata on the stream bank and within the channel. Bi-directional sticky traps placed immediately above the stream collected large numbers of low-flying males, particularly on their downstream sides suggesting many may have been moving upstream in response to pheromonal cues. Some captured females had laid eggs on the traps indicating they were undertaking oviposition flights. Sensilla on the antennae of both sexes were predominantly forward-directed long grooved trichoids overlying numerous short stellate pseudoplacoids of two morphological forms that have not been described before.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"103 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1858695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1820125
Jingyi Chen, P. McQuillan, Elaine McDonald, C. Hawkins
ABSTRACT We report the first occurrence in Australia of the poison hemlock moth Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck), a monophage on the environmental weed Conium maculatum L. (Apiaceae). The hostplant, also of European origin, is a familiar toxic weed in southern Australia and the moth may have some potential as a biocontrol agent. It joins a list of other Palaearctic species undergoing range expansion into the southern temperate zone and probably colonised Tasmania via New Zealand where it first established in 1986. The discovery was facilitated by a citizen science application for smart-phones linking images of fauna and flora taken in the field to crowd-sourced identification resources, which can quickly converge to a satisfactory determination. In addition to its potential utility in the control of poison hemlock, the reunion of this host and its defoliating monophage after almost 150 years offers a testbed for theories of insect–hostplant evolution.
{"title":"Citizen science reveals the Palaearctic poison hemlock moth Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) has established in Australia","authors":"Jingyi Chen, P. McQuillan, Elaine McDonald, C. Hawkins","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1820125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1820125","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report the first occurrence in Australia of the poison hemlock moth Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck), a monophage on the environmental weed Conium maculatum L. (Apiaceae). The hostplant, also of European origin, is a familiar toxic weed in southern Australia and the moth may have some potential as a biocontrol agent. It joins a list of other Palaearctic species undergoing range expansion into the southern temperate zone and probably colonised Tasmania via New Zealand where it first established in 1986. The discovery was facilitated by a citizen science application for smart-phones linking images of fauna and flora taken in the field to crowd-sourced identification resources, which can quickly converge to a satisfactory determination. In addition to its potential utility in the control of poison hemlock, the reunion of this host and its defoliating monophage after almost 150 years offers a testbed for theories of insect–hostplant evolution.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"86 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1820125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46516837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1846988
J. Kasper
ABSTRACT A new mosquito species from the Chatham Islands Aedes (Ochlerotatus) arundinariae, previously misidentified as Ae. (Nothoskusea) chathamicus (Dumbleton, 1962), is described from females only as New Zealand’s 13th endemic mosquito species. The new species has been known from a few specimens for more than ten years. It has not been found since, despite further collecting effort. Aedes (Och.) arundinariae sp. nov. is easily recognised by a distinctive checked pattern of scales on sternites 3–7. Previous confusion about the habitat preferences of Aedes (Noth.) chathamicus and the new species is clarified, with the former being found in coastal localities and the new species found inland. Author Zoobank registration number: A16AF6F4-2DA7-486C-BFD9-23D476ED3E5E This Paper Zoobank registration number: 293A6081-429D-42D9-A865-55948BBAFE86
{"title":"Description of a new species of mosquito, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) arundinariae (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand","authors":"J. Kasper","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1846988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1846988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new mosquito species from the Chatham Islands Aedes (Ochlerotatus) arundinariae, previously misidentified as Ae. (Nothoskusea) chathamicus (Dumbleton, 1962), is described from females only as New Zealand’s 13th endemic mosquito species. The new species has been known from a few specimens for more than ten years. It has not been found since, despite further collecting effort. Aedes (Och.) arundinariae sp. nov. is easily recognised by a distinctive checked pattern of scales on sternites 3–7. Previous confusion about the habitat preferences of Aedes (Noth.) chathamicus and the new species is clarified, with the former being found in coastal localities and the new species found inland. Author Zoobank registration number: A16AF6F4-2DA7-486C-BFD9-23D476ED3E5E This Paper Zoobank registration number: 293A6081-429D-42D9-A865-55948BBAFE86","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"93 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1846988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44070283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2019.1707343
L. Hill, D. Gunawardana, A. Flynn, B. Dominiak
ABSTRACT The first records of Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), the giant willow aphid, were reported from New Zealand and Australia in December 2013 and March 2014 respectively. The host plants are various members of Salix and Populus. The pathway used by the aphid to enter Australasia remains unknown, but natural aerial dispersal across the Tasman Sea is proposed to explain its first appearance within 3 months in Australia and New Zealand. Previous examples of aphids crossing the Tasman Sea are summarised. Windborne transmission due to the predominantly westerly winds from Australia to New Zealand is more likely based on past experience. However, we demonstrate using the HYSPLIT air trajectory model that it is possible that the aphid was carried on a reverse trajectory from New Zealand to southern Tasmania. Without more regular and systematic surveillance of New Zealand and Australian insect biota, it will continue to be difficult to ascertain the timing, origin and dispersal pathways of introduced insects.
{"title":"Possible windborne transmission of giant willow aphid Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) westward from New Zealand to Australia","authors":"L. Hill, D. Gunawardana, A. Flynn, B. Dominiak","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2019.1707343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2019.1707343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The first records of Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), the giant willow aphid, were reported from New Zealand and Australia in December 2013 and March 2014 respectively. The host plants are various members of Salix and Populus. The pathway used by the aphid to enter Australasia remains unknown, but natural aerial dispersal across the Tasman Sea is proposed to explain its first appearance within 3 months in Australia and New Zealand. Previous examples of aphids crossing the Tasman Sea are summarised. Windborne transmission due to the predominantly westerly winds from Australia to New Zealand is more likely based on past experience. However, we demonstrate using the HYSPLIT air trajectory model that it is possible that the aphid was carried on a reverse trajectory from New Zealand to southern Tasmania. Without more regular and systematic surveillance of New Zealand and Australian insect biota, it will continue to be difficult to ascertain the timing, origin and dispersal pathways of introduced insects.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2019.1707343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1764700
S. Lamb, G. McCombe, E. Lawrence, R. Macwan, T. Mayer, J. Jandt
ABSTRACT The New Zealand endemic southern ant (Monomorium antarcticum) excavates subterranean nests in various soil types, with brood distributed throughout excavated cavities connected by tunnels. Because cavities are often constructed near the soil surface, variation in rainfall patterns will affect soil moisture, and potentially lead to regular flooding of cavities. We examined how M. antarcticum make colony emigration decisions as soil moisture changes over time, and investigated how colonies manage brood underground during simulated rainfall events. We show that colonies will emigrate to wetter soil and excavate a new nest when their environment becomes too dry. After we add water to the surface of the nest (i.e. simulate rainfall), workers transport brood from cavities into tunnels, and move them back into the cavities as soon as the ‘rain’ stops. Workers tend to prioritise moving brood from cavities with higher densities of brood, regardless of the depth of the cavity from the soil surface. We discuss how the ability to emigrate in response to changes in soil environment, and to effectively respond to unpredictable rainfall/flooding events, can help us understand how this species persists in a wide-range of habitat types.
{"title":"Subterranean nesting behaviour in response to soil moisture conditions in the southern ant, Monomorium antarcticum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"S. Lamb, G. McCombe, E. Lawrence, R. Macwan, T. Mayer, J. Jandt","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1764700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1764700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The New Zealand endemic southern ant (Monomorium antarcticum) excavates subterranean nests in various soil types, with brood distributed throughout excavated cavities connected by tunnels. Because cavities are often constructed near the soil surface, variation in rainfall patterns will affect soil moisture, and potentially lead to regular flooding of cavities. We examined how M. antarcticum make colony emigration decisions as soil moisture changes over time, and investigated how colonies manage brood underground during simulated rainfall events. We show that colonies will emigrate to wetter soil and excavate a new nest when their environment becomes too dry. After we add water to the surface of the nest (i.e. simulate rainfall), workers transport brood from cavities into tunnels, and move them back into the cavities as soon as the ‘rain’ stops. Workers tend to prioritise moving brood from cavities with higher densities of brood, regardless of the depth of the cavity from the soil surface. We discuss how the ability to emigrate in response to changes in soil environment, and to effectively respond to unpredictable rainfall/flooding events, can help us understand how this species persists in a wide-range of habitat types.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"33 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1764700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45054892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2020.1736750
Jia-Wei Shen, Yeon-Jae Choi, Richard A. B. Leschen
ABSTRACT The New Zealand endemic genus Simkinion Park and Pearce, 1962 is redescribed and diagnosed to include six species, four of which are new: S. convexum sp. n., S. corniculum sp. n., S. schomannae sp. n. and S. tepaki sp. n. Two species are redescribed: S. bimanum Park and Pearce and S. prelaticum Park and Pearce. Sexes are dimorphic, with males having the vertex and the first visible tergite conspicuously modified. All species are known from Northland and may be moss specialists. Four species are described from single specimens, of which three are recorded from Russell Forest. A key is included to facilitate their identification and a discussion of their natural history is provided.
摘要新西兰特有属Simkinion Park and Pearce，1962年被重新命名和诊断为包括六个物种，其中四个是新的：S.convesum sp.n、S.corniculum sp.n.、S.schomannae sp.n和S.tepaki sp.n。两个物种被重新命名：S.bimanum Park and Pearse和S.prelaticum Park and Peace。性别是二型的，雄性有顶点，第一个可见的凹凸棒石明显被修饰。所有物种都来自北方，可能是苔藓专家。从单个标本中描述了四个物种，其中三个来自罗素森林。其中包括一把钥匙，以便于识别它们，并提供了对它们自然历史的讨论。
{"title":"Revision of the genus Simkinion Park and Pearce (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Goniaceritae) from New Zealand","authors":"Jia-Wei Shen, Yeon-Jae Choi, Richard A. B. Leschen","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2020.1736750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2020.1736750","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The New Zealand endemic genus Simkinion Park and Pearce, 1962 is redescribed and diagnosed to include six species, four of which are new: S. convexum sp. n., S. corniculum sp. n., S. schomannae sp. n. and S. tepaki sp. n. Two species are redescribed: S. bimanum Park and Pearce and S. prelaticum Park and Pearce. Sexes are dimorphic, with males having the vertex and the first visible tergite conspicuously modified. All species are known from Northland and may be moss specialists. Four species are described from single specimens, of which three are recorded from Russell Forest. A key is included to facilitate their identification and a discussion of their natural history is provided.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"44 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2020.1736750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43768302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：