New biotechnology最新文献_第10页

How food wastes can be converted into new products: European legislation and analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis 如何将食物垃圾转化为新产品：欧洲立法和酶水解分析。

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.005

Laura Esposito, Francesca Accardo, Barbara Prandi, Tullia Tedeschi

The generated food waste has a significant economic and environmental impact. Since most of this is considered nutrient-rich substrate, it can be reduced or converted to avoid negative effects. In recent years, new technologies have increasingly focused on this aim by extracting and recovering valuable components for the formulation of new products. Herein, this review analyses food waste management strategies and emerging scientific advancements. Among these, enzymatic hydrolysis represents a promising sustainable alternative to traditional chemical extraction. Unlike chemical methods, it operates under mild conditions, reducing energy consumption and harmful by-products, while efficiently recovering fibres, proteins, phenolic compounds, and other biomolecules of interest from food waste. Furthermore, its effectiveness can be significantly enhanced when combined with other techniques. However, most of these applications are currently at the laboratory scale, and a thorough assessment of the potential benefits and the feasibility at an industrial level is required. In this context, integrating enzymatic hydrolysis within circular economy models can further improve resource efficiency by promoting waste valorisation in industrial applications. This approach aligns with sustainable development goals, fostering the creation of bio-based products and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources. Despite facing challenges such as regulatory constraints and the need for scalable, cost-effective processes, the development of innovative and sustainable practices can bring significant economic, social, and environmental benefits.

产生的食物浪费具有重大的经济和环境影响。由于这大部分被认为是营养丰富的基质，它可以减少或转化，以避免负面影响。近年来，新技术越来越关注这一目标，通过提取和回收有价值的成分来配制新产品。在此，本文分析了食物垃圾管理策略和新兴的科学进展。其中，酶水解代表了传统化学提取的一个有前途的可持续替代方案。与化学方法不同，它在温和的条件下工作，减少了能源消耗和有害的副产品，同时有效地从食物垃圾中回收纤维、蛋白质、酚类化合物和其他感兴趣的生物分子。此外，当与其他技术相结合时，其有效性可以显著提高。然而，目前这些应用大多处于实验室规模，需要对潜在效益和工业水平的可行性进行全面评估。在这种情况下，将酶水解纳入循环经济模型可以通过促进工业应用中的废物增值来进一步提高资源效率。这种方法与可持续发展目标相一致，促进了生物基产品的创造，减少了对不可再生资源的依赖。尽管面临着诸如监管约束和对可扩展的、具有成本效益的过程的需求等挑战，创新和可持续实践的发展可以带来显著的经济、社会和环境效益。

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引用次数: 0

Prenylation of diverse indole derivatives by the fungal aromatic prenyltransferase RePT 真菌芳香戊烯基转移酶RePT对多种吲哚衍生物的戊烯化反应。

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.002

Pimvisuth Chunkrua, Mirjam A. Kabel, Jean-Paul Vincken, Willem J.H. van Berkel, Wouter J.C. de Bruijn

Prenylation is a widespread natural modification of compounds that serves to functionalize and often enhance the bioactivity of plant and microbial secondary metabolites, including indole derivatives. In this study, we aimed to expand the library of prenylated indoles using RePT, a fungal (i.e. Rasamsonia emersonii) aromatic prenyltransferase from the dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMATS) family. Previous work showed that RePT readily C7- and N1-prenylated l-tryptophan, and O-prenylated l-tyrosine and a number of phenolic stilbenes. Here, we investigated its regioselectivity further with 23 indole substrates, including tryptophan derivatives with varying C4-C7 substituents and several C3-substituted indoles. High conversion was observed primarily with fluorinated tryptophans and unsubstituted indole. Product analysis by UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MSⁿ and NMR revealed that RePT mainly catalyzed either normal prenylation at C7 or reverse prenylation at N1 on a series of halogenated tryptophans. The regioselectivity observed for several substrates was strongly influenced by the position of the halogen substituent, particularly fluorine, which displayed its characteristic ortho-/para-directing effect. In the absence of the amino acid moiety, RePT’s regioselectivity in some cases shifted from its typical preference, leading to prenylation at alternative positions such as C3 and C6. These findings showcase the versatility of RePT for modifying diverse indole derivatives and demonstrate, for the first time, halogen-induced steering of the regioselectivity of DMATS to facilitate synthesis of bioactive prenylated compounds and intermediates.

戊酰化是一种广泛的天然修饰化合物，用于功能化和增强植物和微生物次生代谢产物的生物活性，包括吲哚衍生物。在这项研究中，我们旨在利用真菌（即Rasamsonia emersonii）芳香戊烯基转移酶RePT（来自二甲基烯丙基色氨酸合成酶（DMATS）家族）扩展戊烯基化吲哚库。先前的研究表明，RePT易于C7-和n1 -烯丙基化l-色氨酸，o -烯丙基化l-酪氨酸和一些酚类二苯乙烯。在这里，我们进一步研究了23个吲哚底物的区域选择性，包括具有不同C4-C7取代基的色氨酸衍生物和几种c3取代的吲哚。观察到高转化率主要与氟化色氨酸和未取代吲哚。UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn和NMR分析表明，RePT主要催化一系列卤代色氨酸的C7位正戊烯酰化和N1位反戊烯酰化。几种底物的区域选择性受到卤素取代基位置的强烈影响，特别是氟，表现出其特有的正定向/准定向效应。在缺乏氨基酸片段的情况下，RePT的区域选择性在某些情况下改变了其典型的偏好，导致在C3和C6等替代位置发生戊烯酰化。这些发现展示了RePT修饰多种吲哚衍生物的多功能性，并首次证明了卤素诱导的DMATS区域选择性的导向，以促进生物活性戊烯基化化合物和中间体的合成。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding the quorum sensing toolbox: Promoter libraries and hybrid promoter for dynamic genetic circuits 扩展群体感应工具箱：动态遗传电路的启动子库和混合启动子。

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.004

Jasmine De Baets, Irene Parmentier, Brecht De Paepe, Marjan De Mey

The interesting features of quorum sensing systems make them very appealing for synthetic biology applications. The first steps have already been taken in characterizing these systems to accelerate their successful implementation. In this work, we explore the next step, tuning. Multiple strategies exist for tuning genetic circuits and quorum sensing systems in general, where the most straightforward solution is to vary the expression level of the synthase or transcription factor. However, these tuning possibilities can be broadened by expanding the variety of quorum sensing-regulated promoters. Here, we expand the range of tuning possibilities by constructing promoter libraries for P_lasI (LasI/LasR system) and P_esaR/PesaS (EsaI/EsaR system), enabling direct modulation of downstream gene expression levels. Next, the quorum sensing synthetic biology toolbox was further expanded with the creation of a new-to-nature genetic part, the hybrid promoter, which requires two autoinducers for activation, namely 3-oxo-hexanoyl- and 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone. This promoter was optimized and applied to design a multistage genetic switch capable of creating a growth stage followed by two sequential production stages. Additionally, the circuit was optimized by incorporating the new promoter variants created in this study. This complex genetic circuit demonstrates the true potential of these quorum sensing systems for achieving various cell-density related dynamic circuits.

群体感应系统的有趣特性使它们在合成生物学应用中非常有吸引力。已经采取了初步步骤来确定这些制度的特点，以加速其成功实施。在这项工作中，我们探索下一步，调音。一般来说，存在多种策略来调整遗传电路和群体感应系统，其中最直接的解决方案是改变合成酶或转录因子的表达水平。然而，这些调节的可能性可以通过扩大群体感应调节启动子的种类来扩大。本研究通过构建PlasI （LasI/LasR系统）和PesaR/PesaS （EsaI/EsaR系统）启动子文库，扩大了调控的可能性范围，实现了对下游基因表达水平的直接调控。接下来，群体感应合成生物学工具箱进一步扩展，创造了一个新的自然遗传部分，杂交启动子，它需要两个自诱导剂来激活，即3-氧-己醇-和3-氧-十二烷基-高丝氨酸内酯。对该启动子进行了优化，并应用于设计一个多阶段遗传开关，该开关能够创建一个生长阶段，随后是两个连续的生产阶段。此外，该电路通过纳入本研究中创建的新启动子变体进行了优化。这种复杂的遗传电路显示了这些群体感应系统实现各种细胞密度相关动态电路的真正潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The Filterprep: A simple and efficient approach for high-yield, high-purity plasmid DNA purification Filterprep：一种简单有效的高产、高纯度质粒DNA纯化方法

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.003

Yu-Hsuan Cheng , Yu-Jiu Wu , Yung-Chun Shih , Yu-Qian Lin , Yu-Wei Chang , Yu-Heng Wu , En-Wei Hu , Ren-Hsuan Ku , Cheng-Mu Wu , Shao-Chi Wu , Ting-Yu Yeh , Chung-Te Chang

Plasmid DNA purification remains a fundamental yet resource-intensive step in molecular biology and biotechnology. Conventional protocols often yield plasmids with suboptimal purity, while commercial kits, though efficient, are costly and use proprietary formulations with limited transparency for troubleshooting or customization. Here, we present Filterprep, a hybrid method combining classical ethanol precipitation with a single spin-column cleanup step, enabling rapid recovery of high-purity plasmid DNA with yields notably higher than those obtained using commercial kits, in approximately 40 min, with yields up to 5-fold greater than those of representative commercial midiprep kits under matched conditions. Filterprep offers a transparent, cost-effective, and scalable alternative, simplifying workflows and reducing hands-on time without compromising DNA quality. The purified plasmids are compatible with a variety of downstream applications, including mammalian cell transfection, protein expression, and reporter assays, while remaining stable for 12 months at −20 °C. With its balance of efficiency and practicality, Filterprep is well suited for high-throughput laboratories and resource-limited settings.

质粒DNA纯化仍然是分子生物学和生物技术中一个基础但资源密集的步骤。传统方法通常产生纯度不理想的质粒，而商业试剂盒虽然有效，但价格昂贵，并且使用专有配方，对故障排除或定制的透明度有限。在这里，我们提出了Filterprep，这是一种结合了经典乙醇沉淀和单个自旋柱清理步骤的混合方法，能够快速回收高纯度质粒DNA，产量明显高于使用商业试剂盒获得的产量，大约40 min，产量比具有代表性的商业中等准备试剂盒在匹配条件下的产量高出5倍。Filterprep提供了一种透明，经济高效，可扩展的替代方案，简化了工作流程，减少了动手时间，而不影响DNA质量。纯化的质粒与多种下游应用兼容，包括哺乳动物细胞转染，蛋白质表达和报告基因检测，同时在- 20°C下保持稳定12个月。凭借其效率和实用性的平衡，Filterprep非常适合高通量实验室和资源有限的设置。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of culture medium composition and reuse on the growth of Porphyridium cruentum 培养基组成及重复使用对黄斑紫菜生长的影响

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.001

Florencia Cáceres-Ferroni , María Salinas-García , Silvia Villaró-Cos , Elia Rivera-Sánchez , Tomás Lafarga

The aim of this study was to develop a fertiliser-based culture medium to reduce production costs and to enhance the sustainability of producing Porphyridium cruentum, a red marine microalga of commercial interest. Additionally, the impact of water recirculation on microalgal growth was assessed. Overall, the results indicated that the nitrogen source significantly affected biomass growth, with sodium nitrate supporting higher biomass productivity (0.23 g·L⁻¹·day⁻¹), surpassing sodium nitrite (0.18 g·L⁻¹·day⁻¹) and ammonium chloride (0.14 g·L⁻¹·day⁻¹). Urea had a negative impact on growth. A N:P molar ratio of 20:1 increased biomass productivity by approximately 24 % compared to the lower ratio studied (8:1) while also reducing phosphorus demand. The optimal medium composition was: 1.75 g·L⁻¹ NaNO₃, 0.23 g·L⁻¹ K₂HPO₄·3 H₂O, 0.04 g·L⁻¹ CaCl₂, 0.49 g·L⁻¹ MgSO₄·7 H₂O, and 24.0 mg·L⁻¹ Karentol®. Lastly, water reutilisation negatively impacted biomass concentration, promoting the accumulation of extracellular organic carbon and bacteria as well as increasing the viscosity and turbidity of the culture.

这项研究的目的是开发一种以肥料为基础的培养基，以降低生产成本，并提高生产具有商业价值的红色海洋微藻——cruentum卟啉藻的可持续性。此外，还评估了水循环对微藻生长的影响。总体而言，氮源显著影响生物量生长，硝酸钠支持更高的生物量生产力（0.23 g·L−1·day−1），超过亚硝酸钠（0.18 g·L−1·day−1）和氯化铵（0.14 g·L−1·day−1）。尿素对生长有负面影响。与所研究的较低比例（8:1）相比，氮磷摩尔比为20:1的生物量生产力提高了约24% %，同时也减少了对磷的需求。最佳培养基组成为：1.75 g·L−1 NaNO3、0.23 g·L−1 K2HPO4·3 H2O、0.04 g·L−1 CaCl2、0.49 g·L−1 MgSO4·7 H2O和24.0 mg·L−1 Karentol®。最后，水的再利用对生物量浓度产生了负面影响，促进了细胞外有机碳和细菌的积累，并增加了培养物的粘度和浊度。

{"title":"Effect of culture medium composition and reuse on the growth of Porphyridium cruentum","authors":"Florencia Cáceres-Ferroni , María Salinas-García , Silvia Villaró-Cos , Elia Rivera-Sánchez , Tomás Lafarga","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to develop a fertiliser-based culture medium to reduce production costs and to enhance the sustainability of producing <em>Porphyridium cruentum</em>, a red marine microalga of commercial interest. Additionally, the impact of water recirculation on microalgal growth was assessed. Overall, the results indicated that the nitrogen source significantly affected biomass growth, with sodium nitrate supporting higher biomass productivity (0.23 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>), surpassing sodium nitrite (0.18 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>) and ammonium chloride (0.14 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>). Urea had a negative impact on growth. A N:P molar ratio of 20:1 increased biomass productivity by approximately 24 % compared to the lower ratio studied (8:1) while also reducing phosphorus demand. The optimal medium composition was: 1.75 g·L<sup>−1</sup> NaNO<sub>3</sub>, 0.23 g·L<sup>−1</sup> K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>·3 H<sub>2</sub>O, 0.04 g·L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub>, 0.49 g·L<sup>−1</sup> MgSO<sub>4</sub>·7 H<sub>2</sub>O, and 24.0 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> Karentol®. Lastly, water reutilisation negatively impacted biomass concentration, promoting the accumulation of extracellular organic carbon and bacteria as well as increasing the viscosity and turbidity of the culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proximity-based site-specific labeling of a native IgG Fab fragment by a fusion microbial transglutaminase-protein G variant 融合微生物转谷氨酰胺酶蛋白G变体对天然IgG Fab片段的邻近位点特异性标记

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.004

Koki Murozono , Riko Nishioka , Yoshirou Kawaguchi , Michio Kimura , Noriho Kamiya

The fragment antigen-binding (Fab) fragment of IgG has been studied widely as a delivery vehicle for tumor-targeting drugs and dyes due to its high specificity and enhanced tumor penetration, which is attributed to its small size. Functionalizing Fab with chemical entities requires site-specific modification to preserve the binding ninity and ensure product homogeneity. In this study, we report a tag-free, site-specific labeling approach targeting a Lys residue in Fab using the recently developed engineered zymogen of microbial transglutaminase fused with an antibody-binding protein G. Fab of trastuzumab, prepared via papain digestion, was selectively modified at Lys 65 in the heavy chain with a glutamine-donor fluorescent substrate, achieving a high labeling efficiency (∼96 %). Bio-layer interferometry experiments confirmed that the modified Fab retained antigen-binding affinity (K_D = 5.71 ± 3.89 nM) comparable to its native counterpart (4.72 ± 3.19 nM). Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated selective binding of the fluorescent-modified Fab to human epidermal growth factor receptor type2 (HER2)-positive SK-BR-3 cells, with negligible binding to HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. The proposed strategy enables site-specific Fab modification without genetic engineering, offering a streamlined approach to producing homogeneous Fab conjugates for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic antibody engineering applications.

IgG片段抗原结合（Fab）片段由于其体积小，特异性高，可增强肿瘤穿透性，因此作为肿瘤靶向药物和染料的递送载体被广泛研究。用化学实体功能化Fab需要位点特异性修饰，以保持结合强度并确保产品的均匀性。在这项研究中，我们报道了一种无标签、位点特异性的标记方法，利用最近开发的微生物转谷氨酰胺酶工程酶原与抗体结合蛋白G.融合的Fab中的Lys残基，通过木瓜蛋白酶消化制备曲珠单抗的Fab，在重链中的Lys 65上选择性地修饰谷氨酰胺供体荧光底物，实现了高标记效率（~ 96 %）。生物层干涉实验证实，修饰后的Fab保留了与原物（4.72 ± 3.19 nM）相当的抗原结合亲和力（KD = 5.71 ± 3.89 nM）。共聚焦显微镜分析显示，荧光修饰的Fab与人表皮生长因子受体2型（HER2）阳性的SK-BR-3细胞选择性结合，与HER2阴性的MDA-MB-231细胞的结合可以忽略。所提出的策略使位点特异性Fab修饰无需基因工程，提供了一种简化的方法来生产用于诊断成像和治疗性抗体工程应用的均匀Fab偶联物。

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引用次数: 0

Screening and bioreactor cultivation of wild-type lactic acid bacteria for high purity D-lactic acid production 高纯度d-乳酸野生型乳酸菌的筛选及生物反应器培养

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.005

Laura Troiani , Alessia Levante , Hannes Russmayer , Hans Marx , Erasmo Neviani , Valentina Bernini , Camilla Lazzi , Michael Sauer

Biodegradable polymers are the green alternative to conventional oil-based plastics and have a key role in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030. Nowadays, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most common bioplastics present in the global market. Optically pure D-lactic acid (D-LA) is a valuable monomer for the production of high-performance PLA materials. This study aims to select wild-type lactic acid bacteria capable of producing D-LA with high optical purity and to define an optimized fermentation process in bioreactors to maximize production. A total of 150 LAB strains from the University of Parma Culture Collection (UPCCO) were screened using enzymatic assays and HPLC analysis. Among them, Lactobacillus delbrueckii UPCCO 2214 and Leuconostoc citreum UPCCO 4516 were selected for fed-batch cultivations for their high D-LA production and purity (>97 %). After optimization of fermentation parameters, L. delbrueckii UPCCO 2214 was found to be the most efficient strain for D-LA production, with a yield of 0.74 g/g and a volumetric productivity of 0.96 g/L/h, outperforming L. citreum UPCCO 4516. Bioreactors cultivation has helped to understand microbial production and boost their potentialities. This work supports further investigations and improvements in D-LA production processes to advance the field of biomaterials with benefits for both industry and the environment.

可生物降解聚合物是传统油基塑料的绿色替代品，在实现《2030年议程》可持续发展目标方面发挥着关键作用。目前，聚乳酸（PLA）是全球市场上最常见的生物塑料之一。光纯d -乳酸（D-LA）是生产高性能PLA材料的有价值的单体。本研究旨在选择能够生产高光学纯度D-LA的野生型乳酸菌，并确定优化的生物反应器发酵工艺，以最大限度地提高产量。采用酶法和高效液相色谱法对150株来自帕尔马大学（University of Parma）的LAB菌株进行筛选。其中，因D-LA产量高、纯度高（>97 %），选择delbrueckii Lactobacillus UPCCO 2214和Leuconostoc citreum UPCCO 4516进行补料分批培养。发酵参数优化后，L. delbrueckii UPCCO 2214是产D-LA效率最高的菌株，产率为0.74 g/g，体积产率为0.96 g/L/h，优于L. citreum UPCCO 4516。生物反应器的培养有助于了解微生物的生产并提高其潜力。这项工作支持进一步研究和改进D-LA生产工艺，以促进生物材料领域的发展，为工业和环境带来好处。

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引用次数: 0

Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U attenuates vulvovaginal candidiasis via vaginal epithelial immune enhancement mediated by NF-κB activation 唾液乳杆菌HHuMin-U通过NF-κB活化介导的阴道上皮免疫增强，减轻外阴阴道念珠菌病

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.003

Juwon Choi , Jay-Young Jo , Jisu Lee , Jo Eun Son , Sun Young Kim , Hye Eun Lee , Yeong-Je Seong , Keon Heo , Yongbaek Kim , Myeong Soo Park , Sanguine Byun

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), primarily caused by Candida albicans infection, is one of the most common diseases among women and leads to various symptoms that adversely impact quality of life. VVC is conventionally treated with antifungal agents, but the high recurrence rates and the risk of inducing vaginal microbiome dysbiosis pose major concerns in effective treatment. Probiotics with immune-enhancing properties can be an effective strategy by strengthening mucosal immunity and reducing susceptibility to infection. Herein, this study investigates the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U (HMU) as a probiotic agent for treating VVC. Phenotype screening identified HMU as a top candidate with antifungal activity against C. albicans. HMU significantly upregulated immunomodulatory factors such as antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines in human vaginal epithelial cells, which can strengthen the antifungal immune system. In an animal study, administration of HMU in a mouse VVC model significantly decreased the fungal burden and protected the mice from vaginal infection. Additionally, cellular infection models revealed that HMU reduced fungal adhesion and the cytolytic activity of C. albicans, while conditioned media from HMU-treated epithelial cells inhibited fungal growth. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HMU treatment enriched gene sets related to epithelial barrier integrity, innate immune responses mediated by epithelial cells, and immune cell regulation. Mechanistically, the NF-κB pathway emerged as a key mediator of these responses. Collectively, HMU inhibits VVC by enhancing epithelial immunity and thus could be considered as a probiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of VVC.

外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）主要由白色念珠菌感染引起，是妇女中最常见的疾病之一，导致各种症状，对生活质量产生不利影响。VVC通常使用抗真菌药物治疗，但高复发率和诱导阴道微生物群失调的风险是有效治疗的主要问题。具有免疫增强特性的益生菌可以通过增强粘膜免疫和降低对感染的易感性而成为一种有效的策略。本研究探讨了唾液乳杆菌HHuMin-U （HMU）作为治疗VVC的益生菌制剂的治疗潜力。表型筛选确定HMU是抗白色念珠菌活性的首选候选。HMU显著上调人阴道上皮细胞中的抗菌肽、细胞因子和趋化因子等免疫调节因子，增强抗真菌免疫系统。在一项动物研究中，在小鼠VVC模型中施用HMU可显著降低真菌负荷并保护小鼠免受阴道感染。此外，细胞感染模型显示，HMU降低了真菌粘附和白色念珠菌的细胞溶解活性，而HMU处理的上皮细胞的条件培养基抑制了真菌的生长。转录组学分析显示，HMU处理丰富了与上皮屏障完整性、上皮细胞介导的先天免疫反应和免疫细胞调节相关的基因集。从机制上讲，NF-κB通路是这些反应的关键中介。综上所述，HMU通过增强上皮免疫来抑制VVC，因此可以认为是预防和治疗VVC的益生菌剂。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and orthogonality assessment of two quorum sensing systems for synthetic biology applications 合成生物学应用中两种群体感应系统的特性和正交性评价

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.001

Jasmine De Baets, Brecht De Paepe, Marjan De Mey

Quorum sensing systems have a broad range of applications within the field of synthetic biology. However, a bottleneck is the optimization and tuning of these systems due to the lack of standardization and complete characterization. In this research, two quorum sensing systems, namely the LasI/LasR and the EsaI/EsaR system, were fully characterized in the model host organism Escherichia coli. Furthermore, insight was gained in the interplay between the various parts of these systems. To further expand the range of possibilities with these quorum sensing systems, the orthogonality of the two systems was assessed to allow simultaneous use within the same cell without interfering crosstalk. This assessment was performed on three levels: promoter, signal and synthase crosstalk. It was demonstrated that LasR is able to interact with the promoter of the EsaI/EsaR system, albeit to a low extent. Additionally, LasR was able to respond to the autoinducers produced by EsaI. To solve the promoter crosstalk, a nucleotide change was introduced into the binding site of EsaR within the promoter region. Additionally, LasR mutants were created rationally and screened for decreased response to EsaI while retaining functionality. The best performing mutant, LasR(P117S), was further characterized. In conclusion, we have further unlocked the potential of quorum sensing systems for synthetic biology applications by obtaining two functional, characterized and orthogonal quorum sensing systems.

群体感应系统在合成生物学领域有着广泛的应用。然而，由于缺乏标准化和完整的特性，这些系统的优化和调优是一个瓶颈。本研究在大肠杆菌中对LasI/LasR和EsaI/EsaR两种群体感应系统进行了全面表征。此外，在这些系统的各个部分之间的相互作用中获得了洞察力。为了进一步扩大这些群体感应系统的可能性范围，对两种系统的正交性进行了评估，以允许在同一单元内同时使用而不会干扰串扰。这个评估是在三个层面上进行的：启动子、信号和合成酶串扰。结果表明，激光共振能够与EsaI/EsaR系统的启动子相互作用，但作用程度较低。此外，LasR能够响应EsaI生产的自诱导器。为了解决启动子串扰，在启动子区域内的EsaR结合位点引入了核苷酸变化。此外，合理创建LasR突变体并筛选对EsaI的反应降低而保留功能的突变体。表现最好的突变体LasR（P117S）进一步进行了表征。综上所述，我们获得了两个功能性、特征性和正交的群体感应系统，进一步释放了群体感应系统在合成生物学应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Public perception of new plant breeding techniques for sustainable production of feed and food in the Czech Republic 公众对捷克共和国饲料和食品可持续生产的新植物育种技术的看法

IF 4.9 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

New biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.002

Naděžda Čadová , Jaroslav Doležel , Ivo Frébort

A survey was conducted among 1676 Czech citizens in the autumn of 2024 to explore their attitudes toward different methods of crop improvement, which are based on the modification of genetic information. The study focused on three techniques: classical mutagenesis, insertion of foreign genetic material, and genome editing. The findings revealed that a significant part of the general public was unfamiliar with these technologies and their legal status. A majority of respondents mistakenly believed that currently permitted mutation breeding using radiation or chemical mutagens is illegal, while conversely assuming that techniques strictly regulated in Europe, such as transgenesis and genome editing, are allowed. Despite using different survey methods and question wording, the study pointed to a modest positive shift in public attitudes toward new genetic technologies compared to earlier surveys. For example, support for legalising genome editing rose from 22 % in 2019 to 47.6 % in 2024, and the proportion of respondents who would buy food containing genetically modified ingredients increased from 35 % to 47.4 %. Acceptance of these methods varied across demographic groups, with younger, more educated, and male respondents showing higher levels of support. While many acknowledge potential benefits such as reduced pesticide use, concerns about safety, ethics, and environmental impact remain. In general, the Czech public demonstrates cautious optimism, underscoring the importance of transparency and clear product labelling.

2024年秋，捷克对1676名公民进行了一项调查，以了解他们对基于基因信息修改的不同作物改良方法的态度。这项研究主要集中在三种技术上：经典诱变、外源遗传物质插入和基因组编辑。调查结果显示，很大一部分公众不熟悉这些技术及其法律地位。大多数受访者错误地认为，目前允许使用辐射或化学诱变剂进行突变育种是非法的，而相反地，他们认为转基因和基因组编辑等在欧洲受到严格监管的技术是允许的。尽管使用了不同的调查方法和问题措辞，该研究指出，与早期的调查相比，公众对新基因技术的态度有了适度的积极转变。例如，对基因组编辑合法化的支持率从2019年的22% %上升到2024年的47.6% %，愿意购买含有转基因成分的食品的受访者比例从35% %上升到47.4% %。不同的人口群体对这些方法的接受程度各不相同，年轻、受教育程度更高的男性受访者对这些方法的支持程度更高。虽然许多人承认减少农药使用等潜在好处，但对安全、伦理和环境影响的担忧仍然存在。总的来说，捷克公众表现出谨慎的乐观态度，强调透明度和明确产品标签的重要性。

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