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A model for near-perfect transmission through lossy media with acoustic sources 有声源的损耗介质近乎完美传输模型
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0071
Nathan Geib, S. Wallen, M. Haberman, Christina J. Naify
Acoustic metamaterials exhibit effective material properties not found in naturally occurring media, and, as such, have received considerable attention for their potential applications in noise and vibration control, diagnostic imaging, and nonreciprocal transmission. Complementary acoustic metamaterials have been proposed as a means of compensating for the high impedance mismatches of aberrating layers that disrupt the acoustic field and hence distort acoustic images. More recently, a complementary acoustic metamaterial featuring active components was shown in principal to compensate for both the impedance mismatch and energy attenuation of lossy materials, but a physical realization of the concept has not yet been implemented. Here, we present results from a one-dimensional acoustic model showing how a plane wave incident on a lossy material can be augmented by point monopole and dipole sources to allow for near perfect transmission, thus rendering the lossy medium acoustically transparent. We present general expressions for source magnitudes that are dimensionless with respect to frequency, material thickness, and the background medium. We show that these results are consistent with three-dimensional finite element simulations, where the appropriate monopolar and dipolar forces are generated using finite dimensional velocity sources with real loudspeaker characteristics mounted in an acoustic waveguide.
声学超材料表现出在自然介质中所没有的有效材料特性,因此,由于其在噪声和振动控制、诊断成像和非互易传输方面的潜在应用而受到了相当大的关注。互补声学超材料已被提出作为补偿像差层的高阻抗失配的一种手段,这种失配破坏了声场,从而扭曲了声图像。最近,一种具有有源成分的互补声学超材料主要用于补偿阻抗失配和有耗材料的能量衰减,但该概念的物理实现尚未实现。在这里,我们展示了一维声学模型的结果,显示了入射到有耗材料上的平面波如何被点单极子和偶极子源增强,从而允许近乎完美的传输,从而使有耗介质在声学上透明。我们提出了关于频率、材料厚度和背景介质的无量纲源震级的一般表达式。我们表明这些结果与三维有限元模拟一致,其中使用安装在声波导中的具有真实扬声器特性的有限维速度源产生适当的单极和偶极力。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of sound radiation using reconstructed acoustic free velocity sources 利用重建声自由速度源预测声辐射
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0057
Xin Yan, D. Herrin
A complicated source can be represented by a series of acoustic free velocity sources. The sound pressure at a position in the field can be predicted by summing the products of the acoustic free velocity source strengths and their respective transfer functions. These transfer functions relate the sound pressure in the field to the acoustic source strength. In this research, the sound pressure is measured at positions in the free field and then is used to determine the acoustic free velocity source strengths via an inverse method. The approach is applied to characterize a laboratory source with high directivity. It is then demonstrated that the sources can be used to predict the insertion loss of a barrier introduced to block the source from the receiver.
一个复杂的声源可以用一系列自由声速声源来表示。声场中某一位置的声压可以通过声源自由声速强度及其各自传递函数的乘积和来预测。这些传递函数将声场中的声压与声源强度联系起来。在本研究中,在自由场位置测量声压,然后通过反求法确定声自由速度源强度。将该方法应用于具有高指向性的实验室源的表征。然后证明了源可以用来预测引入的阻挡源与接收器的屏障的插入损耗。
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引用次数: 0
Tradeoff between mass sensitivity and performance in quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolators 准零刚度隔振器质量灵敏度与性能的权衡
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0139
P. Gilmore, U. Gandhi, S. M. S. Shaihan, R. Rangarajan
Quasi-zero stiffness isolators are a promising technology to reduce vibration transmission over a large frequency range while maintaining passive operation and low cost. Many different types of QZS isolators have been demonstrated utilizing a variety of mechanical, pneumatic, and magnetic components. While some of these types have their own unique challenges, other challenges are more general. Two of these challenges are mass sensitivity and hysteresis in the load-deflection curve caused by snap-through buckling, friction, or structural damping. This work investigates the impact of force-deflection hysteresis on isolation performance through experimental techniques. Results show that increasing hysteresis reduces the mass sensitivity but worsens the isolation performance at low frequencies. A tradeoff must be made between these two aspects but can be overcome by shifting the QZS region to difference forces. A simple method to achieve this adaptability exists for certain types of QZS structures, therefore enabling a variety of practical applications within a certain design window.
准零刚度隔振器是一种很有前途的技术,可以在大频率范围内减少振动传输,同时保持被动运行和低成本。许多不同类型的QZS隔离器已被证明利用各种机械,气动和磁性元件。虽然其中一些类型有自己独特的挑战,但其他挑战更为普遍。其中两个挑战是质量敏感性和负载-挠度曲线中的滞后,这是由屈曲、摩擦或结构阻尼引起的。本文通过实验技术研究了力-挠度滞回对隔振性能的影响。结果表明,增大磁滞会降低质量灵敏度,但会使低频隔离性能恶化。必须在这两个方面之间进行权衡,但可以通过将QZS区域转移到不同的力来克服。对于某些类型的QZS结构,存在一种简单的方法来实现这种适应性,从而在一定的设计窗口内实现各种实际应用。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of utility and transportation noise modeling 验证公用事业和交通噪音模型
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0028
M. Conaway, Joseph A. Keefe
A few case studies regarding public utility and transportation noise are presented. These address concerns regarding the prediction and attenuation of noise from electrical transformers, gas regulators, and interstate highways. Our approach to computer modeling, model adjustments to match measured conditions, and before/after measurements will be presented.
提出了一些关于公用事业和交通噪声的案例研究。这些解决了有关电力变压器、气体调节器和州际公路噪声的预测和衰减的问题。我们将介绍计算机建模、模型调整以匹配测量条件以及测量前后的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Towards high-quality X-59 sonic thump measurements 迈向高品质的X-59音波测量
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0144
Mark C. Anderson, K. Gee, J. Durrant, A. Loubeau
Brigham Young University has been studying questions related to NASA X-59 community noise testing. A summary of the key findings and recommendations to date are presented. Among these are weather-resistant ground microphone setups that reduce wind noise, methods for treating the problem of ambient noise contamination on sonic boom metrics and spectra, and the turbulence-induced variability seen over relatively small-aperture arrays. Also discussed are recommendations for data post-processing, e.g., employing a digital pole-shifting filter and zero-padding to improve the fidelity and smoothness of low-frequency spectral data. Finally, the relative merits of various sonic boom metrics are considered. Although Perceived Level has been the most widely-used metric, it is relatively sensitive to ambient noise contamination and turbulence-induced variability. [Work supported by NASA Langley Research Center through the National Institute of Aerospace.]
杨百翰大学一直在研究与NASA X-59社区噪音测试相关的问题。本文概述了迄今为止的主要调查结果和建议。其中包括减少风噪声的耐天气地面麦克风装置,处理音爆指标和谱上的环境噪声污染问题的方法,以及在相对小孔径阵列上看到的湍流引起的变异性。还讨论了数据后处理的建议,例如,采用数字移极滤波器和零填充来提高低频频谱数据的保真度和平滑度。最后,讨论了各种音爆指标的相对优点。虽然感知水平是最广泛使用的度量,但它对环境噪声污染和湍流引起的变化相对敏感。[工作由NASA兰利研究中心通过国家航空航天研究所支持。]
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引用次数: 0
Statistical energy analysis simulation of an air-handling cabinet 空气处理柜的统计能量分析仿真
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0070
Matt Smither, D. Herrin
Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a vibro-acoustic modeling technique suitable for systems where high modal densities exist. Traditionally SEA is used for predicting system response in higher frequency bands. However, for systems such as an air-handler that contain large, flat panels constructed of sheet metal the usefulness of SEA stretches into mid and lower frequency bands as well. Measured results of an air-handling cabinet were obtained by spatially averaging accelerations of cabinet surfaces caused by an input of white noise into the cabinet side by a shaker. Energy from each sub-panel of the cabinet was normalized with the panel into which the energy was input for easy comparison with modeled data. A simplified model of the air-handling cabinet processed in VA One software yielded results generally within 10 dB of measured results. Some lower frequency band limitations were realized due to cabinet geometry and construction. These results focus primarily on the structure and less so on the acoustic volume of the air-handling cabinet.
统计能量分析(SEA)是一种适用于高模态密度系统的振动声学建模技术。传统上,SEA用于预测系统在较高频段的响应。然而,对于像空气处理器这样包含大型平板金属板的系统,SEA的用途也延伸到中低频段。空气处理柜的测量结果是通过在空间上平均由激振器向柜体一侧输入白噪声引起的柜体表面加速度得到的。来自机柜每个子面板的能量与输入能量的面板进行归一化,以便与建模数据进行比较。在VA One软件中处理的空气处理柜简化模型的结果与测量结果的误差一般在10 dB以内。由于机柜的几何形状和结构,实现了一些较低的频带限制。这些结果主要集中在结构上,而较少关注空气处理柜的声学体积。
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引用次数: 0
Sound attenuation by acoustic metamaterials applied to kitchen hoods 应用于厨房通风柜的声学超材料的声音衰减
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0044
Jeremy Plé, Tenon Charly Kone, Alla Eddine Benchikh Lehocine, R. Panneton
In a society where the vast majority of people spend their time inside buildings or vehicles, the need to filter the air is essential to ensure a certain level of comfort. The integration of air exchanger systems in these enclosed spaces generates noise pollution which can deteriorate the quality of the air. Thus, controlling the noise generated by these systems becomes a major challenge for the construction industry. Recent traditional solutions such as acoustic sonic crystals only allow high frequency noise control. One solution is the incorporation of inner structured acoustic materials for the control of low frequency transmission. This paper proposes a coupling of sonic crystals and structural acoustic materials for the control of sound transmission at low and high frequencies. To achieve this, research and simulations of the acoustic properties of various metamaterial models under the COMSOL software were established as well as a system of the selected solutions, using the transfer matrix method. Experimental impedance tube analyses are being carried out for varying geometries, along with a fabrication method for prototyping.
在一个绝大多数人都在建筑物或车辆中度过的社会中,过滤空气的需求对于确保一定程度的舒适度是必不可少的。在这些封闭空间中集成空气交换系统会产生噪音污染,从而恶化空气质量。因此,控制这些系统产生的噪音成为建筑行业面临的主要挑战。最近的传统解决方案,如声学声波晶体只允许高频噪声控制。一种解决方案是结合内部结构声学材料来控制低频传输。本文提出了一种声波晶体与结构声学材料耦合的方法来控制低频和高频的声音传输。为此,利用传递矩阵法,在COMSOL软件下建立了各种超材料模型的声学特性研究和模拟,并建立了一个选择解决方案的系统。实验阻抗管分析正在进行不同的几何形状,以及制造方法的原型。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation and mitigation of outdoor live music 户外现场音乐的评估和缓解
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0078
H. Singleton
Live music is hosted at many small restaurants and breweries as a means for attracting customers and helping to expose patrons to local bands. Outdoor live music, especially during warm spring and summer seasons provides flexibility for venues in terms of seating capacity, patron comfort, and the integration of natural scenery. However, sound from outdoor entertainment can be a vexing problem for the surrounding community, especially for late evening and nighttime performances. In response to community concerns, outdoor live music venues located in three different communities (rural, small town urban, and waterfront) were each required to provide in-situ demonstrations to assess the effect of outdoor music on nearby homes. The effectiveness of these demonstrations, along with an analysis of mitigation measures, is discussed.
许多小餐馆和啤酒厂都会举办现场音乐会,作为吸引顾客和帮助顾客了解当地乐队的一种手段。室外现场音乐,特别是在温暖的春夏季节,为场地的座位容量、顾客舒适度和自然景观的融合提供了灵活性。然而,户外娱乐的声音对周围的社区来说可能是一个令人烦恼的问题,尤其是对深夜和夜间表演。为了回应社区的关注,位于三个不同社区(农村、小城镇、城市和海滨)的户外现场音乐场所都需要提供现场演示,以评估户外音乐对附近家庭的影响。讨论了这些示范的有效性,并对缓解措施进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Vibration Isolation with Spring Supported Concrete Floating Floors on Fitness Centers 健身中心弹簧支撑混凝土浮动楼板隔振
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0090
Omer F. Tigli, M. Royvaran
Spring-supported concrete floating floors are often used as a high-end solution to mitigate noise and vibration disturbances in fitness centers. Suppliers of these floors typically provide impressive sound test results, but information regarding their low-frequency vibration isolation capabilities is scarce. In this study, the authors collected in-situ vibration data from an existing fitness center equipped with a 4-in (102-mm) thick spring-supported concrete floating floor while conducting various activities such as running on a treadmill, dropping a dumbbell, putting down a barbell and slamming a medicine ball on the floor. Frequency measurements revealed that entrapped air led to an increase in the natural frequency of the floating floor. The data demonstrated that floating slab effectively isolated noise and high-frequency vibrations, but was not able to isolate low-frequency vibrations. Additionally, a finite element model of the structure was developed, incorporating the floating floor and the base structural slab. The model was used to simulate treadmill running and weight drops, and calculated vibration levels were presented as heat maps across the entire floor. The model's predictions aligned closely with the actual measurements, demonstrating that vibration analysis based on finite element models is a valuable method to design effective mitigation strategies for fitness centers.
弹簧支撑的混凝土浮动地板经常被用作高端解决方案,以减轻健身中心的噪音和振动干扰。这些地板的供应商通常提供令人印象深刻的声音测试结果,但关于其低频隔振能力的信息很少。在这项研究中,作者从一个现有的健身中心收集了现场振动数据,该健身中心配备了一个4英寸(102毫米)厚的弹簧支撑混凝土浮动地板,同时进行了各种活动,如在跑步机上跑步,放下哑铃,放下杠铃和在地板上摔一个健身球。频率测量显示,被困的空气导致浮动地板的固有频率增加。结果表明,浮板能有效隔离噪声和高频振动,但不能有效隔离低频振动。此外,还建立了包含浮动楼板和基础结构板的结构有限元模型。该模型用于模拟跑步机的运行和体重下降,计算出的振动水平以整个楼层的热图形式呈现。该模型的预测与实际测量结果非常吻合,表明基于有限元模型的振动分析是设计健身中心有效缓解策略的一种有价值的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Air vent shape optimization with metamaterials. 利用超材料优化通风口形状。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3397/nc_2023_0111
Marco Lizotte, R. Panneton, J. Piaud
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), are crucial in every building for the well being of the occupants. While these equipments take care of the air quality with exhausting polluted air out and bringing fresh air in, they can let a polluant in: noise. Noise can have non-physical effects like disturbed sleep, cognitive problems or even influences on heart diseases. Recent developments in the acoustic field shown the use of metamaterials that can reduce noise while keeping good ventilation. The sonic crystals, disposed in a certain pattern following the Bragg's law, can be tuned to reduce noise on a wide frequency band. The design of an air vent, known as a metacage, was made by using open source numerical simulations. Based on a numerical plan and optimization methods, this study's goal was to find the optimal solution for the HVAC to reduce noise while minimizing ventilation loss. Following the simulations results, the metacage generated was 3D printed for validation in the laboratory, showing the corroboration with the simulations. The final results show third-octave bands with a TL peak over 10dB and an average of 3dB for all the others bands up to 10kHz. All this while keeping minimal ventilation loss.
采暖、通风和空调(HVAC)对每个建筑物的居住者的健康至关重要。虽然这些设备通过将污染空气排出并引入新鲜空气来改善空气质量,但它们也会让污染物进入:噪音。噪音会产生非身体影响,比如睡眠紊乱、认知问题,甚至会影响心脏病。声学领域的最新发展表明,使用超材料可以在保持良好通风的同时降低噪音。按照布拉格定律以一定的模式排列的声波晶体可以调谐以减少宽频带上的噪声。一个通风口的设计,被称为元容器,是通过使用开源的数值模拟来完成的。基于数值规划和优化方法,本研究的目标是找到暖通空调的最佳解决方案,以降低噪音,同时最大限度地减少通风损失。根据模拟结果,将生成的元容器进行3D打印,并在实验室进行验证,结果与模拟结果相吻合。最后的结果表明,三倍频带的TL峰值超过10dB,其他所有波段的TL峰值平均为3dB,最高为10kHz。同时保持最小的通风损失。
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引用次数: 0
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Noise & Health
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