The biomechanical etiology of the so-called idiopathic scoliosis [Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)] has been the subject of the author’s research since 1984. In the period from 1984 till 2020 many children with scoliosis have been observed (N-2500). During this time all information about etiology, classification, new therapy and causal prophylaxis has been provided. The principle information about the subject was found in the years 1995-2007. The etiology of AIS is strictly biomechanical and is connected with asymmetry of the hips movements and next with the function of the hips and the spine. Scoliosis develops because of “permanent standing ‘at ease’ on the right leg” and in some types connected with “gait”. As causative influence: “standing” and “gait” is in “S” scoliosis in the 1st etiopathological group (epg), only “standing” in “C” 2nd / A epg and “S” 2nd / B epg group / type, in “I” 3 rd epg type of scoliosis only “gait”.
自1984年以来，所谓的特发性脊柱侧凸[青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)]的生物力学病因学一直是作者研究的主题。在1984年至2020年期间，观察到许多儿童脊柱侧凸(N-2500)。在此期间，提供了有关病因、分类、新疗法和因果预防的所有信息。该主题的主要信息是在1995-2007年间发现的。AIS的病因是严格的生物力学，与髋关节运动不对称有关，其次与髋关节和脊柱的功能有关。脊柱侧凸的发生是因为“右腿永久地‘自在地’站立”，在某些类型中与“步态”有关。至于病因影响:“站立”和“步态”是“S”型脊柱侧凸的第1病因病理组(epg)，只有“站立”在“C”2 / A epg和“S”2 / B epg组/型，在“I”3 epg型脊柱侧凸只有“步态”。
{"title":"So-Called Idiopathic Scoliosis. Historical Dates of Discoveries. Fate and Fortune of New Knowledge","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"The biomechanical etiology of the so-called idiopathic scoliosis [Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)] has been the subject of the author’s research since 1984. In the period from 1984 till 2020 many children with scoliosis have been observed (N-2500). During this time all information about etiology, classification, new therapy and causal prophylaxis has been provided. The principle information about the subject was found in the years 1995-2007. The etiology of AIS is strictly biomechanical and is connected with asymmetry of the hips movements and next with the function of the hips and the spine. Scoliosis develops because of “permanent standing ‘at ease’ on the right leg” and in some types connected with “gait”. As causative influence: “standing” and “gait” is in “S” scoliosis in the 1st etiopathological group (epg), only “standing” in “C” 2nd / A epg and “S” 2nd / B epg group / type, in “I” 3 rd epg type of scoliosis only “gait”.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"434 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115866124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The directed scarring of traumatic wounds in a surgical department often encounters drifts. During the proliferation phase, the granulation tissue can become excessive, blocking re-epithelialization and dooming a skin graft. To cope with this, healthcare teams often use topical corticosteroids such as Prednicarbate which is a nonhalogenated corticosteroid which does not pass into the systemic circulation. Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the in vivo effect of Prednicarbate on the hyper proliferation of granulation tissue in trauma wounds and burns during directed scarring. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on patients admitted consecutively to the Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Department of Aristide le Dantec Hospital in Dakar. The application of 0.25% prednicarbate was twice daily on the hyperprofiltration areas of the wound bed of consenting patients. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic data and changes in granulation tissue were collected. Results: 12 patients participated with an average age 41.5 ± 18.94 years and a female to male sex ratio of 3/1. Domestic accidents were the most common wound occurrence in 7 cases. After at least 3 applications, the modifications observed were as follows: the proportion of hyper-budding surface was reduced by 3% on average. In 8 cases, the bed turned pink, with a texture changing from smooth to granite in 10 cases. A regression of the edema of the bed was observed in all the cases and the level of the bed of the wound which initially known epidermal, became epidermal in 10 cases. In 10 cases, the start of epidermal migration was observed from the skin edges. In 9 cases, or 75% of cases, it took just 1 tube to see a reduction in granulation tissue. Conclusion: Prednicarbate is a non-halogenated corticosteroid which is of interest in reducing the excessive proliferation of granulation tissue in traumatic wounds. By normalizing the level of granulation tissue, it promotes epidermal migration and the epithelialization phase.
背景:外伤性伤口的定向瘢痕形成在外科经常遇到漂移。在增殖阶段，肉芽组织可以变得过多，阻碍再上皮化和注定的皮肤移植。为了解决这个问题，医疗团队经常使用局部皮质类固醇，如Prednicarbate，这是一种不进入体循环的非卤化皮质类固醇。目的:本研究的目的是描述Prednicarbate对创伤伤口和烧伤定向瘢痕过程中肉芽组织过度增殖的体内影响。方法:对达喀尔Aristide le Dantec医院骨科和创伤外科连续收治的患者进行前瞻性观察研究。同意患者伤口床高渗区每日2次应用0.25%泼尼甲酸酯。收集人口统计学、临床、治疗数据及肉芽组织变化。结果:12例患者参与，平均年龄41.5±18.94岁，男女性别比为3/1。7例中以家庭意外伤为主。至少施用3次后，观察到的变化如下:超出芽表面的比例平均降低了3%。8个案例中，床变成了粉红色，10个案例中，床的质地从光滑变为花岗岩。所有病例均观察到床层水肿消退，10例伤口床层由最初的表皮层变为表皮层。在10例中，表皮迁移从皮肤边缘开始。在9个病例中，即75%的病例中，只需要1根试管就可以看到肉芽组织的减少。结论:泼尼碳酸酯是一种非卤化皮质类固醇，对减少创伤创面肉芽组织过度增生有重要作用。通过使肉芽组织水平正常化，它促进表皮迁移和上皮化阶段。
{"title":"Effect of Prednicarbate On the Hyper Proliferation of the Granulation Tissue of Traumatic Wounds During Directed Healing: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The directed scarring of traumatic wounds in a surgical department often encounters drifts. During the proliferation phase, the granulation tissue can become excessive, blocking re-epithelialization and dooming a skin graft. To cope with this, healthcare teams often use topical corticosteroids such as Prednicarbate which is a nonhalogenated corticosteroid which does not pass into the systemic circulation. Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the in vivo effect of Prednicarbate on the hyper proliferation of granulation tissue in trauma wounds and burns during directed scarring. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on patients admitted consecutively to the Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Department of Aristide le Dantec Hospital in Dakar. The application of 0.25% prednicarbate was twice daily on the hyperprofiltration areas of the wound bed of consenting patients. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic data and changes in granulation tissue were collected. Results: 12 patients participated with an average age 41.5 ± 18.94 years and a female to male sex ratio of 3/1. Domestic accidents were the most common wound occurrence in 7 cases. After at least 3 applications, the modifications observed were as follows: the proportion of hyper-budding surface was reduced by 3% on average. In 8 cases, the bed turned pink, with a texture changing from smooth to granite in 10 cases. A regression of the edema of the bed was observed in all the cases and the level of the bed of the wound which initially known epidermal, became epidermal in 10 cases. In 10 cases, the start of epidermal migration was observed from the skin edges. In 9 cases, or 75% of cases, it took just 1 tube to see a reduction in granulation tissue. Conclusion: Prednicarbate is a non-halogenated corticosteroid which is of interest in reducing the excessive proliferation of granulation tissue in traumatic wounds. By normalizing the level of granulation tissue, it promotes epidermal migration and the epithelialization phase.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132286768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osteonecrosis of the lesser metatarsal heads may be detected in both children and adults. It is also defined as Freiberg’s disease. It is an uncommon syndrome whose etiology combines potential developmental anomalies, biomechanical stresses or traumatic events, subchondral fracture and vascular injury. The second metatarsal head is the most commonly involved. The disease is much more common in females and athletes. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings and is confirmed with plain radiographs. On physical examination, the palpable swelling, the discomfort and the motion restriction are well localized at the affected metatarsophalangeal joint. The history may be one of exacerbations and remissions, with pain aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. However, in a group of patients the disorder escapes diagnosis, until the foot is radiographically examined for a totally different reason. Radiographically, the metatarsal head may have a flattened, enlarged appearance with areas of increased sclerosis, fragmentation and collapse, resulting in incongruity of the joint surface. In the long-standing disease, the affected metatarsophalangeal joint may be narrowed and prominent secondary degenerative changes may be evident. The goal of treatment is early identification and conservative treatment of the patient, to allow bone healing and prevent rapid progression to osteoarthritis. No operative treatment modalities are effective in the early stages but surgical intervention is usually required in the late stages of the disease. The purpose of this editorial is to retrospectively review the incidence of osteonecrosis of the lesser metatarsal heads in children and adults referred at our institution and to review the relevant publications.
{"title":"Osteonecrosis of the Lesser Metatarsal Heads","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Osteonecrosis of the lesser metatarsal heads may be detected in both children and adults. It is also defined as Freiberg’s disease. It is an uncommon syndrome whose etiology combines potential developmental anomalies, biomechanical stresses or traumatic events, subchondral fracture and vascular injury. The second metatarsal head is the most commonly involved. The disease is much more common in females and athletes. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings and is confirmed with plain radiographs. On physical examination, the palpable swelling, the discomfort and the motion restriction are well localized at the affected metatarsophalangeal joint. The history may be one of exacerbations and remissions, with pain aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. However, in a group of patients the disorder escapes diagnosis, until the foot is radiographically examined for a totally different reason. Radiographically, the metatarsal head may have a flattened, enlarged appearance with areas of increased sclerosis, fragmentation and collapse, resulting in incongruity of the joint surface. In the long-standing disease, the affected metatarsophalangeal joint may be narrowed and prominent secondary degenerative changes may be evident. The goal of treatment is early identification and conservative treatment of the patient, to allow bone healing and prevent rapid progression to osteoarthritis. No operative treatment modalities are effective in the early stages but surgical intervention is usually required in the late stages of the disease. The purpose of this editorial is to retrospectively review the incidence of osteonecrosis of the lesser metatarsal heads in children and adults referred at our institution and to review the relevant publications.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"22 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123422924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoulder instability is a relevant incidence injury in trauma, occasionally associated with glenoid bone loss in patients with epilepsy. There have been few articles describing specific operative treatments for this type of lesion and in this group of patients. This case report shows the successful surgical approach used in an epileptic patient with multiple right shoulder dislocations that happened mainly during seizures, through a Eden Hybinette technique where an iliac crest auto graft was used. The patient has been followed-up in a year of postoperative, with no new episodes of right shoulder luxation, no pain complaints and good range of shoulder motion without daily life or work-up limitations. Different surgical methods for these patients have been reported including soft tissue repair operations as well as skeletal reconstructions with bone block therapies, being Eden-Hybinette one of these techniques. This work portrays that this surgery is a valid option, at same time being both safe and that can be reproducible, as it allows an adequate position of the graft in the glenoid defect, potentially diminishing the risk of neurovascular and myotendinous injuries; but, most importantly reducing the shoulder luxation recurrences in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and given them a chance of a good quality of life.
{"title":"Eden Hybinette Procedure for Reconstruction of Shoulder Instability with Loss of\u0000Anterior Glenoid Bone Stock in an Epileptic Patient: A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Shoulder instability is a relevant incidence injury in trauma, occasionally associated with glenoid bone loss in patients\u0000with epilepsy. There have been few articles describing specific operative treatments for this type of lesion and in this\u0000group of patients. This case report shows the successful surgical approach used in an epileptic patient with multiple\u0000right shoulder dislocations that happened mainly during seizures, through a Eden Hybinette technique where an iliac\u0000crest auto graft was used. The patient has been followed-up in a year of postoperative, with no new episodes of right\u0000shoulder luxation, no pain complaints and good range of shoulder motion without daily life or work-up limitations.\u0000Different surgical methods for these patients have been reported including soft tissue repair operations as well as\u0000skeletal reconstructions with bone block therapies, being Eden-Hybinette one of these techniques. This work portrays\u0000that this surgery is a valid option, at same time being both safe and that can be reproducible, as it allows an adequate\u0000position of the graft in the glenoid defect, potentially diminishing the risk of neurovascular and myotendinous injuries;\u0000but, most importantly reducing the shoulder luxation recurrences in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and given them\u0000a chance of a good quality of life.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128808156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Treatment of displaced acromioclavicular disjunction is not consensual. The goal is to evaluate the concordance between clinical and radiological results in acute displaced acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACD) at a minimum 1 year’s follow-up. Methods: Fourteen patients underwent open coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction by artificial ligament (Acrolig™, Fx Solutions) and twelve underwent arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction by a single paired endobutton (Zip Tight™, Zimmer Biomet). Shoulder function was assessed by an independent examiner with objective and subjective international validated scores. Frontal acromioclavicular displacement was measured all along the follow-up, and reduction quality at last follow-up was assessed frontally and laterally, and globally according to 5 groups of reduction, by 2 examiners. Results: Rockwood classification distribution was: grade 3 (61.6%), grade 4 (30.8%) and grade 5 (15.4%). Mean follow-up was 26.6±8.2 months. All objective and subjective scores were “good” or “very good” at last follow-up (Constant-Murley = 94.1±4.8). Radiologic analysis according to reduction quality showed that anatomic reduction was twice as frequent in the frontal plane (23.1%) as in the sagittal plane (11.5%). Analysis of global reduction quality found 42% anatomic or good reduction, and 58% partial or poor reduction. There were no significant differences in any clinical scores according to reduction quality (on the different views). Comparison between groups “anatomic and good reduction” and “moderate and poor reduction” found no significant differences on any clinical scores neither. Conclusion: Anatomic reduction would not seem to be mandatory for good functional results in displaced acute ACD.
{"title":"Anatomic Reduction is not essential for Good Functional Outcome in Surgical Treatment\u0000of Acromioclavicular Dislocation (Quality of the Reduction in Ac Dislocation)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Treatment of displaced acromioclavicular disjunction is not consensual. The goal is to evaluate the\u0000concordance between clinical and radiological results in acute displaced acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACD) at\u0000a minimum 1 year’s follow-up.\u0000Methods: Fourteen patients underwent open coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction by\u0000artificial ligament (Acrolig™, Fx Solutions) and twelve underwent arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament\u0000reconstruction by a single paired endobutton (Zip Tight™, Zimmer Biomet). Shoulder function was assessed by an\u0000independent examiner with objective and subjective international validated scores. Frontal acromioclavicular\u0000displacement was measured all along the follow-up, and reduction quality at last follow-up was assessed frontally and\u0000laterally, and globally according to 5 groups of reduction, by 2 examiners.\u0000Results: Rockwood classification distribution was: grade 3 (61.6%), grade 4 (30.8%) and grade 5 (15.4%). Mean\u0000follow-up was 26.6±8.2 months. All objective and subjective scores were “good” or “very good” at last follow-up\u0000(Constant-Murley = 94.1±4.8). Radiologic analysis according to reduction quality showed that anatomic reduction\u0000was twice as frequent in the frontal plane (23.1%) as in the sagittal plane (11.5%). Analysis of global reduction quality\u0000found 42% anatomic or good reduction, and 58% partial or poor reduction. There were no significant differences in\u0000any clinical scores according to reduction quality (on the different views). Comparison between groups “anatomic and\u0000good reduction” and “moderate and poor reduction” found no significant differences on any clinical scores neither.\u0000Conclusion: Anatomic reduction would not seem to be mandatory for good functional results in displaced acute ACD.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115318508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developmental factors of the so-called idiopathic scoliosis were secret over many centuries [1-11]. The biomechanical causes of the deformity were found and described in years 1984-2007. In the development of scoliosis, the main factor is the habit of standing ‘at ease’ on the right leg, and gait is another one. These two biomechanical factors appear because of the asymmetry of hips movement. In the right hip the adduction, and often internal rotation and extension, are limited. The restriction of movement of the right hip is one of the eight symptoms of the “Syndrome of Contracture and Deformities (SofCD) according to Prof. Hans Mau and Lublin observations. This restriction enables the easy “standing” on the right leg such position is very comfortable thanks to a better stabilization, but with the time it may cause the left convex curve in lumbar spine. The other influencing factor is connected with gait. When the movement in right hip is maximally limited the compensative movement in pelvis and in spine during walking appears and it is the cause of rotation deformity and stiffness of the spine. All points in pathology are connected with various “models the hip’s movement”. In result there are three groups and four types of scoliosis. In the article, the author presents the new Lublin classification, new tests in examination and a rules of the new treatment and causal prophylaxis of this spine deformity
{"title":"Biomechanical Factors in Etiology of the So-Called Idiopathic Scoliosis (Adolescent\u0000Idiopathic Scoliosis [AIS]. Dates of Discoveries. Classification, Rules of the Therapy\u0000and Prophylaxis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental factors of the so-called idiopathic scoliosis were secret over many centuries [1-11]. The biomechanical\u0000causes of the deformity were found and described in years 1984-2007. In the development of scoliosis, the main\u0000factor is the habit of standing ‘at ease’ on the right leg, and gait is another one. These two biomechanical factors\u0000appear because of the asymmetry of hips movement. In the right hip the adduction, and often internal rotation and\u0000extension, are limited.\u0000The restriction of movement of the right hip is one of the eight symptoms of the “Syndrome of Contracture and\u0000Deformities (SofCD) according to Prof. Hans Mau and Lublin observations. This restriction enables the easy\u0000“standing” on the right leg such position is very comfortable thanks to a better stabilization, but with the time it may\u0000cause the left convex curve in lumbar spine. The other influencing factor is connected with gait. When the movement\u0000in right hip is maximally limited the compensative movement in pelvis and in spine during walking appears and it is\u0000the cause of rotation deformity and stiffness of the spine. All points in pathology are connected with various “models\u0000the hip’s movement”. In result there are three groups and four types of scoliosis. In the article, the author presents\u0000the new Lublin classification, new tests in examination and a rules of the new treatment and causal prophylaxis of\u0000this spine deformity","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123750543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article has conceptual character. Authors paid attention to one of the paradoxes of AIS-it’s being mono-form in the shape of a 3D deformation at any etiology (polietiology). The explanation of this paradox and its reason was found while performing a mathematical modeling of a 3D deformation. The developed model as "matrix", allowed not only to reestimate a number of known features of real AIS, but also to see the patterns in its development which weren't known earlier. Authors claim that AIS is a compensatory reaction of an organism to the unique circumstance - non-conjugation (non-synchronization) of longitudinal development of a spinal cord and its bone-disc-ligamentousmuscular "sheath". The fact of existence of two types of AIS - typical (lordoscoliosis) and atypical (kyphoscoliosis) serves as the major argument in favor of such conclusion. Speaking of lordoscoliosis, we should know, that the "sheath" has the excess of longitudinal size, and concerning kyphoscoliosis - insufficient longitudinal size. Results of studying an endocrine regulation of a bone formation at patients with both types of AIS allowed the authors to establish features of an osteotropic hormonal profile which is usually directly correlated both with a clinical picture, and with nature of a spine column deformation progress. Causes interest authors interpretation of the melatonin theory of a pathogenesis of AIS. The authors explanation of the origin of phenomenon’s EMG is intriguing - they explain it through high electrical activity of muscles on apex frontal curve. In the final part of this article new classification of AIS origin is offered for discussion - hormonal, spinal and central.
{"title":"AIS: Etiology, Pathogenesis. Facts and Reflections","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article has conceptual character. Authors paid attention to one of the paradoxes of AIS-it’s being mono-form\u0000in the shape of a 3D deformation at any etiology (polietiology). The explanation of this paradox and its reason was\u0000found while performing a mathematical modeling of a 3D deformation. The developed model as \"matrix\", allowed\u0000not only to reestimate a number of known features of real AIS, but also to see the patterns in its development which\u0000weren't known earlier. Authors claim that AIS is a compensatory reaction of an organism to the unique circumstance\u0000- non-conjugation (non-synchronization) of longitudinal development of a spinal cord and its bone-disc-ligamentousmuscular \"sheath\". The fact of existence of two types of AIS - typical (lordoscoliosis) and atypical (kyphoscoliosis)\u0000serves as the major argument in favor of such conclusion. Speaking of lordoscoliosis, we should know, that the\u0000\"sheath\" has the excess of longitudinal size, and concerning kyphoscoliosis - insufficient longitudinal size. Results\u0000of studying an endocrine regulation of a bone formation at patients with both types of AIS allowed the authors to\u0000establish features of an osteotropic hormonal profile which is usually directly correlated both with a clinical picture,\u0000and with nature of a spine column deformation progress. Causes interest authors interpretation of the melatonin theory\u0000of a pathogenesis of AIS. The authors explanation of the origin of phenomenon’s EMG is intriguing - they explain it\u0000through high electrical activity of muscles on apex frontal curve. In the final part of this article new classification of\u0000AIS origin is offered for discussion - hormonal, spinal and central.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116107568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chondrosarcoma (CS) accounts for 20-27% of all primary malignant tumors of bone mostly seen in older age group [1]. It may be primary or secondary occurring in 2nd to 5th decade. The long bones especially the metaphysis are the most common sites. Axial skeleton, skull, jaw, small bones of hand and feet are other sites that can be involved. Though rare, extraskeletal CS may occur anywhere in the body. The conventional CS are primary or secondary. Primary chondrosarcoma may be intramedullary or Juxtacortical. Secondary CS arises from Osteochondroma or Enchondroma. Nonconventional CS are clear cell, myxoid, mesenchymal, extraskeletal, and dedifferentiated. Usual distribution of these tumors is long bones (45%) or pelvis (25%). The spine (7%), scapula (5%), cervical spine (6-7%), craniofacial bones (2%), hand and foot are rarely affected [2].
{"title":"Chondrosarcoma-A Multi-Faceted Entity","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Chondrosarcoma (CS) accounts for 20-27% of all primary malignant\u0000tumors of bone mostly seen in older age group [1]. It may be\u0000primary or secondary occurring in 2nd to 5th decade. The long\u0000bones especially the metaphysis are the most common sites. Axial\u0000skeleton, skull, jaw, small bones of hand and feet are other sites\u0000that can be involved. Though rare, extraskeletal CS may occur\u0000anywhere in the body. The conventional CS are primary or secondary.\u0000Primary chondrosarcoma may be intramedullary or Juxtacortical.\u0000Secondary CS arises from Osteochondroma or Enchondroma. Nonconventional CS are clear cell, myxoid, mesenchymal, extraskeletal,\u0000and dedifferentiated. Usual distribution of these tumors is long bones\u0000(45%) or pelvis (25%). The spine (7%), scapula (5%), cervical\u0000spine (6-7%), craniofacial bones (2%), hand and foot are rarely\u0000affected [2].","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124311528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), massage and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching are interventions commonly used to address chronic muscle tightness and fascial restrictions. The efficacies of these interventions have not been well established. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two manual therapy approaches, IASTM and Massage with PNF stretching (MAS/PNF) in improving hamstring muscle tightness and subjective reporting of tightness in physically active individuals. Design: Single blinded randomized, controlled, repeated-measures design, where group and treated limb were randomized. Setting: University athletic training clinic. Participants: Twenty healthy subjects (8 men, 12 women; mean age, 23.5±7.91 years) with bilateral hamstring tightness (measured using active knee extension (AKE)). Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, IASTM (n=12) and MAS/PNF (n=8). Both treatments consisted of a unilateral 10 minutes treatment to the posterior leg. The subject’s untreated limb was the control. The authors measured pain levels (Visual Analog Scale (VAS)), general disability (Disablement in Physically Active Scale (DPAS), and perceived improvements in muscle tightness (Global Rate of Change (GRC)) at four different times (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs). A single blinded assessor collected all measurements. Main Outcome Measures: A repeated measures analysis of variance determined within-subjects factors between AKE and time (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs), limb (Treated vs. Control), and group (IASTM vs. MAS/PNF). Kruskal-Wallis H test analyzed data collected from the patient reported measures. Results: The authors found significant main effects between time (F=14.386, P< .001), limb (F=4.717, P=.043) and time-by-limb (F=11.233, P<.000), and AKE measurements. The treated limb of both groups demonstrated significant improvements in AKE compared to control limb. However the time by treatment interaction was not significant, indicating that both treatments groups changed similarly over time (P=.078). There was no difference in mean AKE between the treatment groups over time (F=4.717, P=.714). Significant within-subjects differences in VAS score were revealed for time (F=6.51, P=.000) and for time by group (F=4.46, P=.003). A significant treatment-by-time effect was revealed for the VAS during the treatment (F=10.47, P=.005). The IASTM group reported significantly higher discomfort during the treatment compared to the MAS/PNF group (P=.044). There was no statistically significant difference in the DPAS between the IASTM and MAS/PNF treatments, (post, p=.230; 24hrs, p=.475; 48hrs, p=.786). There was also no difference in GRC for perceived muscle tightness between groups over time (post, p=.321; 24hrs; p=.326; 48hrs, p=.609). Concusion: Both IASTM and MAS/PNF interventions were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility immediately post treat
{"title":"The Use of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Verse Massage and\u0000Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Techniques on Improving\u0000Hamstring Flexibility","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), massage and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching\u0000are interventions commonly used to address chronic muscle tightness and fascial restrictions. The efficacies of these interventions\u0000have not been well established.\u0000Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two manual therapy approaches, IASTM and Massage with PNF\u0000stretching (MAS/PNF) in improving hamstring muscle tightness and subjective reporting of tightness in physically active individuals.\u0000Design: Single blinded randomized, controlled, repeated-measures design, where group and treated limb were randomized.\u0000Setting: University athletic training clinic.\u0000Participants: Twenty healthy subjects (8 men, 12 women; mean age, 23.5±7.91 years) with bilateral hamstring tightness (measured\u0000using active knee extension (AKE)).\u0000Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, IASTM (n=12) and MAS/PNF (n=8). Both treatments\u0000consisted of a unilateral 10 minutes treatment to the posterior leg. The subject’s untreated limb was the control. The authors\u0000measured pain levels (Visual Analog Scale (VAS)), general disability (Disablement in Physically Active Scale (DPAS), and perceived\u0000improvements in muscle tightness (Global Rate of Change (GRC)) at four different times (Pre, Post, 24hrs, 48hrs). A single blinded\u0000assessor collected all measurements.\u0000Main Outcome Measures: A repeated measures analysis of variance determined within-subjects factors between AKE and time (Pre,\u0000Post, 24hrs, 48hrs), limb (Treated vs. Control), and group (IASTM vs. MAS/PNF). Kruskal-Wallis H test analyzed data collected\u0000from the patient reported measures.\u0000Results: The authors found significant main effects between time (F=14.386, P< .001), limb (F=4.717, P=.043) and time-by-limb\u0000(F=11.233, P<.000), and AKE measurements. The treated limb of both groups demonstrated significant improvements in AKE\u0000compared to control limb. However the time by treatment interaction was not significant, indicating that both treatments groups\u0000changed similarly over time (P=.078). There was no difference in mean AKE between the treatment groups over time (F=4.717,\u0000P=.714). Significant within-subjects differences in VAS score were revealed for time (F=6.51, P=.000) and for time by group (F=4.46,\u0000P=.003). A significant treatment-by-time effect was revealed for the VAS during the treatment (F=10.47, P=.005). The IASTM group\u0000reported significantly higher discomfort during the treatment compared to the MAS/PNF group (P=.044). There was no statistically\u0000significant difference in the DPAS between the IASTM and MAS/PNF treatments, (post, p=.230; 24hrs, p=.475; 48hrs, p=.786). There\u0000was also no difference in GRC for perceived muscle tightness between groups over time (post, p=.321; 24hrs; p=.326; 48hrs, p=.609).\u0000Concusion: Both IASTM and MAS/PNF interventions were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility immediately post treat","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124814347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Distal radius fractures are one of the most common injuries which come to the orthopaedic surgeons. Displaced extra-or intra-articular fractures require anatomical reduction for a good outcome. Historically, these fractures were treated with manipulation and casting, with or without Kirschner (K) wire fixation. Modern plating techniques have been advocated to restore anatomical alignment and allow early mobilisation. Despite the wide variety of treatment options available there is still debate about the best way to treat these fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate fifty cases of fracture distal end radius treated by open reduction and internal fixation using locking compression plating (LCP). Methods: The present study was carried out on 50 cases of acute fracture distal radius admitted at a tertiary care hospital treated by open reduction and internal fixation using locking compression plating (LCP) between January 2018 and December 2018. Functional results were rated at the end of the study as excellent, good or poor as criteria laid down by Gartland and Werley’s combined subjective and objective criteria. Results: 50 cases of fracture distal radius were selected for study that fulfill the inclusion criteria, were operated and studied. 10 fractures were fixed using Extra-articular Locking Compression T-Plates, 40 fractures were fixed using Juxtaarticular Locking Compression T-Plates. According to the Gartland and Werley’s rating scale, 20 had excellent results, 23 good results, and 07 fair results during latest follow up. Conclusion: Notwithstanding a very small sample size and a short follow up, Volar locking plate osteosynthesis at the distal radius signifies a significant improvement in the treatment of distal radial fractures in terms of restoration of the shape and function of the wrist.
{"title":"A Prospective Study on Treatment of Distal Radial Fractures Using Volar Locking\u0000Plate","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijor.03.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Distal radius fractures are one of the most common injuries which come to the orthopaedic surgeons. Displaced\u0000extra-or intra-articular fractures require anatomical reduction for a good outcome. Historically, these fractures were treated\u0000with manipulation and casting, with or without Kirschner (K) wire fixation. Modern plating techniques have been advocated\u0000to restore anatomical alignment and allow early mobilisation. Despite the wide variety of treatment options available there\u0000is still debate about the best way to treat these fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate fifty cases of fracture distal\u0000end radius treated by open reduction and internal fixation using locking compression plating (LCP).\u0000Methods: The present study was carried out on 50 cases of acute fracture distal radius admitted at a tertiary care hospital\u0000treated by open reduction and internal fixation using locking compression plating (LCP) between January 2018 and\u0000December 2018. Functional results were rated at the end of the study as excellent, good or poor as criteria laid down by\u0000Gartland and Werley’s combined subjective and objective criteria.\u0000Results: 50 cases of fracture distal radius were selected for study that fulfill the inclusion criteria, were operated and\u0000studied. 10 fractures were fixed using Extra-articular Locking Compression T-Plates, 40 fractures were fixed using Juxtaarticular Locking Compression T-Plates. According to the Gartland and Werley’s rating scale, 20 had excellent results, 23\u0000good results, and 07 fair results during latest follow up.\u0000Conclusion: Notwithstanding a very small sample size and a short follow up, Volar locking plate osteosynthesis at the\u0000distal radius signifies a significant improvement in the treatment of distal radial fractures in terms of restoration of the\u0000shape and function of the wrist.","PeriodicalId":192630,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedics Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128040277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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