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Multivariate and network lesion mapping reveals distinct architectures of domain-specific post-stroke cognitive impairments 多变量和网络病变映射揭示了脑卒中后特定领域认知障碍的独特结构。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109007
Margaret Jane Moore , Jason B. Mattingley , Nele Demeyere

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of structural disconnection and multivariate lesion-behaviour relationships associated with post-stroke deficits across six commonly impacted cognitive domains: executive function, language, memory, numerical processing, praxis, and visuospatial attention.

Methods

Stroke survivors (n = 593) completed a brief domain-specific cognitive assessment (the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS)) during acute hospitalisation. Network-level and multivariate (sparce canonical correlation) lesion mapping analyses were conducted to identify focal neural correlates and distributed patterns of structural disconnection associated with impairment on each of the 16 OCS measures.

Results

Network-level and multivariate lesion mapping analyses identified significant correlates for 12/16 and 10/16 OCS measures, respectively which were largely consistent with correlates reported in past work. Language impairments were reliably localised to network- and voxel-level correlates centred in left fronto-temporal regions. Memory impairments were associated with disconnection in a large network of left hemisphere regions. Number processing deficits were associated with damage to voxels centred in the left insular/opercular cortex, as well as disconnection within the surrounding white matter tracts. Within the domain of attention, different subtypes of visuospatial neglect were linked to distinct but partially overlapping patterns of disconnection and voxel-level damage. Praxis impairment was not linked to any voxel-level regions but was significantly associated with disconnection within the left hemisphere dorsal attention network.

Conclusion

These results highlight the utility of routine, domain-specific cognitive assessment and imaging data for theoretically-driven lesion mapping analyses, while providing novel insight into the complex anatomical correlates of common and debilitating post-stroke cognitive impairments.
研究背景本研究的目的是确定结构断裂的模式以及多变量病变与行为之间的关系,这些关系与脑卒中后六个常见认知领域的缺陷有关:执行功能、语言、记忆、数字处理、练习和视觉空间注意力:方法:脑卒中幸存者(n = 593)在急性期住院期间完成了一项简短的特定领域认知评估(牛津认知筛查(OCS))。我们进行了网络水平和多变量(sparce canonical correlation)病变映射分析,以确定与 16 项 OCS 测量中的每项损伤相关的病灶神经相关性和分布式结构断裂模式:网络水平和多变量病变映射分析分别确定了 12/16 项和 10/16 项 OCS 测量的显著相关性,这些相关性与过去工作中报告的相关性基本一致。语言障碍与网络和体素水平相关性的可靠定位集中在左侧额颞区。记忆障碍与左半球大区域网络的断开有关。数字处理缺陷与以左侧岛叶/丘脑皮层为中心的体素受损以及周围白质束的断裂有关。在注意力领域,不同亚型的视觉空间忽视与不同但部分重叠的断连模式和体素水平损伤有关。练习障碍与任何体素水平区域均无关联,但与左半球背侧注意力网络的断连有显著关联:这些结果凸显了常规的、特定领域的认知评估和成像数据在理论驱动的病变映射分析中的实用性,同时为卒中后常见的、使人衰弱的认知障碍的复杂解剖相关性提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroanatomical correlates and predictors of psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis 阿尔茨海默病精神症状的神经解剖相关性和预测因素:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109006
Sara Scarfo , Antonella M.A. Marsella , Loulouda Grigoriadou , Yashar Moshfeghi , William J. McGeown

Background

Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) are a type of neuropsychiatric symptom found during Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Objective

This systematic review aims to comprehensively capture, analyse, and evaluate the body of evidence that has investigated associations between brain regions/networks and psychotic symptoms in AD.

Methods

The protocol, created according to the PRISMA guidelines, was pre-registered on OSF (https://osf.io/tg8xp/). Searches were performed using PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo. A partial coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) was performed based on data availability.

Results

Eighty-two papers were selected: delusions were found to be associated mainly with right fronto-temporal brain regions and the insula; hallucinations mainly with fronto-occipital areas; both were frequently associated with the anterior cingulate cortex. The CBMA, performed on the findings of fourteen papers on delusions, identified a cluster in the frontal lobe, one in the putamen, and a smaller one in the insula.

Conclusions

The available evidence highlights that key brain regions, predominantly in the right frontal lobe, the anterior cingulate cortex, and temporo-occipital areas, appear to underpin the different manifestations of psychotic symptoms in AD and MCI. The fronto-temporal areas identified in relation to delusions may underpin a failure to assimilate correct information and consider alternative possibilities (which might generate and maintain the delusional belief), and dysfunction within the salience network (anterior cingulate cortex and insula) may suggest a contribution for how internal and external stimuli are identified; the fronto-occipital areas linked to hallucinations may indicate diminished sensory processing and non-optimal predictive processing, that together contribute to misinterpretation of stimuli and misperceptions; the fronto-temporal and occipital areas, as well as the anterior cingulate cortex were linked to the psychotic cluster.
背景:精神症状(幻觉和妄想)是阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的一种神经精神症状:精神病性症状(幻觉和妄想)是阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的一种神经精神症状:本系统综述旨在全面收集、分析和评估研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑区/脑网络与精神病性症状之间关系的证据:根据PRISMA指南制定的方案已在OSF(https://osf.io/tg8xp/)上预先注册。使用 PubMed、Web of Science 和 PsycInfo 进行了检索。根据数据可用性进行了部分基于坐标的荟萃分析(CBMA):选取了 82 篇论文:发现妄想主要与右侧额颞叶脑区和脑岛有关;幻觉主要与前枕叶脑区有关;两者都经常与前扣带回皮层有关。根据 14 篇关于妄想症的论文结果进行的 CBMA 研究发现,一个妄想症群位于额叶,一个位于普坦门,一个较小的妄想症群位于脑岛:现有证据表明,主要位于右额叶、前扣带回皮层和颞枕区的关键脑区似乎是AD和MCI患者不同表现的精神病症状的基础。与妄想有关的额颞区可能是无法吸收正确信息和考虑其他可能性的基础(这可能会产生并维持妄想信念),而突出网络(前扣带回皮层和岛叶)的功能障碍可能会影响内部和外部刺激的识别;与幻觉有关的前枕叶区可能表明感官处理能力减弱和预测处理能力不理想,这些因素共同导致了对刺激的误解和错误认知;前颞叶区和枕叶区以及前扣带皮层与精神病群有关。
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引用次数: 0
On the lasting impact of mild traumatic brain injury on working memory: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence 轻度脑外伤对工作记忆的持久影响:行为学和电生理学证据。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109005
Amaya J. Fox , Natasha Matthews , Zeguo Qiu , Hannah L. Filmer , Paul E. Dux
Despite increasing recognition of the significance of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the long-term cognitive consequences of the injury remain unclear. More sensitive measures that can detect subtle cognitive changes and consideration of individual variability are needed to properly characterise cognitive outcomes following mTBI. Here, we used complex behavioural tasks, individual differences approaches, and electrophysiology to investigate the long-term cognitive effects of a history of mTBI. In Experiment 1, participants with self-reported mTBI history (n=82) showed poorer verbal working memory performance on the operation span task compared to control participants (n=88), but there were no group differences in visual working memory, multitasking, cognitive flexibility, attentional control, visuospatial ability, or information processing speed. Individual differences analyses revealed that time since injury and presence of memory loss predicted visual working memory capacity and visuospatial ability, respectively, in those with mTBI history. In Experiment 2, participants with mTBI history (n=20) again demonstrated poorer verbal working memory on the operation span task compared to control participants (n=38), but no group differences were revealed on a visuospatial complex span task or simpler visual working memory measures. We also explored the electrophysiological indices of visual working memory using EEG during a change detection task. No differences were observed in early sensory event-related potentials (P1, N1) or the later negative slow wave associated with visual working memory capacity. Together, these findings suggest that mTBI history may be associated with a lasting, isolated disruption in the subsystem underlying verbal working memory storage. The results emphasise the importance of sensitive cognitive measures and accounting for individual variability in injury characteristics when assessing mTBI outcomes.
尽管越来越多的人认识到轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)的重要性,但这种损伤的长期认知后果仍不明确。要正确描述轻微创伤性脑损伤后的认知结果,需要能检测到细微认知变化并考虑个体差异的更灵敏的测量方法。在这里,我们使用复杂的行为任务、个体差异方法和电生理学来研究 mTBI 对认知的长期影响。在实验1中,与对照组参与者(88人)相比,自述有mTBI病史的参与者(82人)在操作跨度任务中的言语工作记忆表现较差,但在视觉工作记忆、多任务处理、认知灵活性、注意控制、视觉空间能力或信息处理速度方面没有组间差异。个体差异分析表明,受伤后的时间和记忆缺失的存在分别预测了有 mTBI 史的参与者的视觉工作记忆能力和视觉空间能力。在实验 2 中,与对照组参与者(38 人)相比,有 mTBI 史的参与者(20 人)在运算跨度任务中再次表现出更差的言语工作记忆能力,但在视觉空间复杂跨度任务或更简单的视觉工作记忆测量中没有发现组间差异。我们还利用脑电图在变化检测任务中探索了视觉工作记忆的电生理指标。在与视觉工作记忆能力相关的早期感觉事件相关电位(P1、N1)或后期负慢波中,没有观察到差异。总之,这些研究结果表明,mTBI 病史可能与言语工作记忆存储子系统的持久性、孤立性中断有关。这些结果强调了在评估 mTBI 结果时采用敏感的认知测量方法和考虑损伤特征的个体差异的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Functional connectivity of sensorimotor network before and after surgery in the supplementary motor area 辅助运动区手术前后感觉运动网络的功能连接。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109004
Mattias Stålnacke , Johan Eriksson , Alireza Salami , Micael Andersson , Lars Nyberg , Rickard, L. Sjöberg
After resective glioma surgery in the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), patients often experience a transient disturbance of the ability to initiate speech and voluntary motor actions, known as the SMA syndrome (SMAS). It has been proposed that enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) within the sensorimotor system may serve as a potential mechanism for recovery, enabling the non-resected SMA to assume the function of the resected region. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which changes in FC can be observed in patients after resolution of the SMAS.
Eight patients underwent resection of left SMA due to suspected gliomas, resulting in various levels of the SMA syndrome. Resting-state functional MR images were acquired prior to the surgery and after resolution of the syndrome.
At the group level we found an increased connectivity between the unaffected (right) SMA and the primary motor cortex on the same side following surgery. However, no significant increase in interhemispheric connectivity was observed.
These findings challenge the prevailing notion that increased interhemispheric FC serves as the only mechanism underlying recovery from SMA syndrome and suggest the presence of one or more alternative mechanisms.
辅助运动区(SMA)切除性胶质瘤手术后,患者启动语言和自主运动动作的能力往往会受到短暂干扰,这就是所谓的SMA综合征(SMAS)。有人提出,感觉运动系统内半球间功能连接(FC)的增强可能是一种潜在的恢复机制,可使未切除的 SMA 承担切除区域的功能。本研究的目的是调查患者在SMAS切除后FC的变化程度。八名患者因疑似胶质瘤而接受了左侧SMA切除术,导致不同程度的SMA综合征。我们在手术前和综合征缓解后采集了静息态功能磁共振图像。在组水平上,我们发现手术后未受影响的(右侧)SMA 与同侧初级运动皮层之间的连接性增强。然而,我们并没有观察到半球间连接的明显增加。这些研究结果对将半球间连通性增加作为 SMA 综合征康复的唯一机制的普遍观点提出了质疑,并表明存在一种或多种替代机制。
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引用次数: 0
Neural responses to camouflage targets with different exposure signs based on EEG 基于脑电图的对不同曝光标志的伪装目标的神经反应
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109002
Zhou Yu , Li Xue , Weidong Xu , Jun Liu , Qi Jia , Yawen Liu , Lu Zhou , Jianghua Hu , Hao Li , Jidong Wu

This study investigates the relationship between various target exposure signs and brain activation patterns by analyzing the EEG signals of 35 subjects observing four types of targets: well-camouflaged, with large color differences, with shadows, and of large size. Through ERP analysis and source localization, we have established that different exposure signs elicit distinct brain activation patterns. The ERP analysis revealed a strong correlation between the latency of the P300 component and the visibility of the exposure signs. Furthermore, our source localization findings indicate that exposure signs alter the current density distribution within the cortex, with shadows causing significantly higher activation in the frontal lobe compared to other conditions. The study also uncovered a pronounced right-brain laterality in subjects during target identification. By employing an LSTM neural network, we successfully differentiated EEG signals triggered by various exposure signs, achieving a classification accuracy of up to 96.4%. These results not only suggest that analyzing the P300 latency and cortical current distribution can differentiate the degree of visibility of target exposure signs, but also demonstrate the potential of using EEG characteristics to identify key exposure signs in camouflaged targets. This provides crucial insights for developing auxiliary camouflage strategies.

本研究通过分析 35 名受试者在观察伪装良好、色差较大、有阴影和体积较大四种类型目标时的脑电信号,研究了各种目标暴露标志与大脑激活模式之间的关系。通过ERP分析和信号源定位,我们确定了不同的暴露标志会引起不同的大脑激活模式。ERP分析显示,P300分量的潜伏期与曝光标志的可见度之间存在很强的相关性。此外,我们的源定位研究结果表明,曝光标志改变了大脑皮层内的电流密度分布,与其他条件相比,阴影导致额叶的激活明显更高。研究还发现,受试者在目标识别过程中存在明显的右脑侧向性。通过使用 LSTM 神经网络,我们成功地区分了由各种曝光迹象引发的脑电信号,分类准确率高达 96.4%。这些结果不仅表明,分析 P300 潜伏期和皮层电流分布可以区分目标暴露标志的可见度,还证明了利用脑电图特征识别伪装目标中关键暴露标志的潜力。这为开发辅助伪装策略提供了重要的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Joyful growth vs. compulsive hedonism: A meta-analysis of brain activation on romantic love and addictive disorders 快乐成长与强迫性享乐主义:关于浪漫爱情和成瘾性疾病的大脑激活元分析》。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109003
Yuhang Yang , Chuan Wang , Jiannong Shi , Zhiling Zou
Due to the similarities in behavioral characteristics between romantic love and addictive disorders, the concept of being “addicted to someone” transcends mere literary metaphor, expanding perspectives on the study of romantic love and inspiring interventions for addiction. However, there has been a lack of studies systematically exploring the similarities and differences between romantic love and addiction at the neural level. In this study, we conducted an extensive literature search, incorporating 21 studies on romantic love and 28 on addictive disorders, focusing on fMRI research utilizing the cue reactivity paradigm. Using Activation Likelihood Estimation, we examined the similarities and differences in the neural mechanisms underlying love and addiction. The results showed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) exhibited both shared and distinct activation clusters between romantic love and addictive disorders. Furthermore, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) was more frequently activated in romantic love than in addictive disorders, while greater activation within the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was found in addictive disorder compared with romantic love. We discussed that the activation of ACC and VMPFC may symbolize self-expansion, a process that characterizes the development of romantic love, contributing to a more enriched self. Our study suggests that while romantic love and addictive disorders share a common neural foundation, the discernible differences in their neural representations distinguish them as joyful growth versus compulsive hedonism.
由于浪漫爱情与成瘾性疾病在行为特征上的相似性,"对某人上瘾 "这一概念超越了单纯的文学隐喻,拓展了研究浪漫爱情的视角,并启发了对成瘾性疾病的干预。然而,目前还缺乏从神经层面系统探讨浪漫爱情与成瘾之间异同的研究。在这项研究中,我们进行了广泛的文献检索,纳入了 21 项关于浪漫爱情的研究和 28 项关于成瘾性疾病的研究,重点关注利用线索反应性范式进行的 fMRI 研究。通过激活似然估计法,我们研究了爱情和成瘾的神经机制的异同。结果表明,前扣带回皮层(ACC)在浪漫爱情和成瘾性疾病之间表现出共享和不同的激活集群。此外,浪漫爱情比上瘾障碍更频繁地激活腹外侧前额叶皮层(VMPFC),而上瘾障碍比浪漫爱情更频繁地激活后扣带回皮层(PCC)。我们讨论说,ACC 和 VMPFC 的激活可能象征着自我扩展,这是浪漫爱情发展的一个过程,有助于形成更丰富的自我。我们的研究表明,虽然浪漫爱情与成瘾性障碍有着共同的神经基础,但它们在神经表征上的明显差异将它们区分为快乐成长与强迫性享乐主义。
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引用次数: 0
Using imagination and the contents of memory to create new scene and object representations: A functional MRI study 利用想象力和记忆内容创建新的场景和物体表征:功能性核磁共振成像研究
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109000
Qun Ye , Celia Fidalgo , Patrick Byrne , Luis Eduardo Muñoz , Jonathan S. Cant , Andy C.H. Lee

Humans can use the contents of memory to construct scenarios and events that they have not encountered before, a process colloquially known as imagination. Much of our current understanding of the neural mechanisms mediating imagination is limited by paradigms that rely on participants' subjective reports of imagined content. Here, we used a novel behavioral paradigm that was designed to systematically evaluate the contents of an individual's imagination. Participants first learned the layout of four distinct rooms containing five wall segments with differing geometrical characteristics, each associated with a unique object. During functional MRI, participants were then shown two different wall segments or objects on each trial and asked to first, retrieve the associated objects or walls, respectively (retrieval phase) and then second, imagine the two objects side-by-side or combine the two wall segments (imagination phase). Importantly, the contents of each participant's imagination were interrogated by having them make a same/different judgment about the properties of the imagined objects or scenes. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we observed widespread activity across occipito-temporal cortex for the retrieval of objects and for the imaginative creation of scenes. Interestingly, a classifier, whether trained on the imagination or retrieval data, was able to successfully differentiate the neural patterns associated with the imagination of scenes from that of objects. Our results reveal neural differences in the cued retrieval of object and scene memoranda, demonstrate that different representations underlie the creation and/or imagination of scene and object content, and highlight a novel behavioral paradigm that can be used to systematically evaluate the contents of an individual's imagination.

人类可以利用记忆中的内容来构建他们从未遇到过的场景和事件,这一过程俗称为想象。目前,我们对介导想象的神经机制的理解大多受限于依赖参与者对想象内容的主观报告的范式。在这里,我们使用了一种新颖的行为范式,旨在系统地评估个体的想象内容。参与者首先学习了四个不同房间的布局,这些房间包含五段具有不同几何特征的墙壁,每段墙壁都与一个独特的物体相关联。然后,在功能磁共振成像中,每次试验都会向参与者展示两个不同的墙段或物体,并要求参与者首先分别检索相关的物体或墙壁(检索阶段),然后再想象这两个物体并排在一起或将两个墙段组合在一起(想象阶段)。重要的是,通过让每位被试对所想象的物体或场景的属性做出相同/不同的判断,对他们的想象内容进行了询问。通过单变量和多变量分析,我们观察到枕颞皮层在检索物体和想象创造场景时的广泛活动。有趣的是,无论是根据想象还是检索数据训练的分类器,都能成功区分与场景想象相关的神经模式和与物体想象相关的神经模式。我们的研究结果揭示了物体和场景记忆的提示检索神经差异,证明了场景和物体内容的创造和/或想象有不同的表征,并强调了一种可用于系统评估个体想象内容的新型行为范式。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced generalization and specialization of brain representations of semantic knowledge in healthy aging 健康老龄化过程中大脑对语义知识表征的泛化和特化能力增强
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108999
Pedro Margolles , David Soto

Aging is often associated with a decrease in cognitive capacities. However, semantic memory appears relatively well preserved in healthy aging. Both behavioral and neuroimaging studies support the view that changes in brain networks contribute to this preservation of semantic cognition. However, little is known about the role of healthy aging in the brain representation of semantic categories. Here we used pattern classification analyses and computational models to examine the neural representations of living and non-living word concepts. The results demonstrate that brain representations of animacy in healthy aging exhibit increased similarity across categories, even across different task contexts. This pattern of results aligns with the neural dedifferentiation hypothesis that proposes that aging is associated with decreased specificity in brain activity patterns and less efficient neural resource allocation. However, the loss in neural specificity for different categories was accompanied by increased dissimilarity of item-based conceptual representations within each category. Taken together, the age-related patterns of increased generalization and specialization in the brain representations of semantic knowledge may reflect a compensatory mechanism that enables a more efficient coding scheme characterized by both compression and sparsity, thereby helping to optimize the limited neural resources and maintain semantic processing in the healthy aging brain.

衰老通常与认知能力下降有关。然而,语义记忆在健康的衰老过程中似乎得到了相对较好的保存。行为学和神经影像学研究都支持这样一种观点,即大脑网络的变化有助于语义认知的保存。然而,人们对健康老龄化在大脑表征语义类别中的作用知之甚少。在这里,我们使用模式分类分析和计算模型来研究生物和非生物词概念的神经表征。结果表明,健康老龄人大脑中的动画表征在不同类别中表现出更高的相似性,即使在不同的任务情境中也是如此。这种结果模式与神经去分化假说一致,即衰老与大脑活动模式的特异性降低和神经资源分配效率降低有关。然而,在不同类别的神经特异性丧失的同时,每个类别中基于项目的概念表征的相似性也在增加。综合来看,大脑语义知识表征中与年龄相关的泛化和特异性增加的模式可能反映了一种补偿机制,这种机制能够实现以压缩和稀疏为特征的更有效的编码方案,从而有助于优化有限的神经资源,维持健康老龄化大脑的语义处理。
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引用次数: 0
Grasp context-dependent uncertainty alters the relative contribution of anticipatory and feedback-based mechanisms in object manipulation 与抓握环境有关的不确定性会改变物体操作中预期机制和反馈机制的相对贡献
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108996
Swarnab Dutta, Varadhan SKM

Predictive control within dexterous object manipulation while allowing for the choice of contact points has been shown to employ a predominantly feedback-based force modulation. The anticipation is thought to be facilitated through the internal representation of the object dynamics being integrated and updated on a trial-to-trial basis with the feedback of contact locations on the object. This is as opposed to the classically studied memory representation-based fingertip force control for grasping with pre-selected contact locations. We designed a study to examine this grasp context-dependent asymmetry in sensorimotor integration by introducing binary uncertainty about the grasp type before movement initiation within the framework of motor planning. An inverted T-shaped instrumented object was presented to 24 participants as the manipulandum, and they were asked to reach, grasp, and lift it while minimising the peak roll. We dissociated the planning and the execution phases by pseudo-randomly manipulating the availability of visual contact cues on the object after movement onset. We analysed both derived as well as direct kinetic and kinematic measures of the grasp during the loading phase to understand the anticipatory coordination. Our findings suggest that uncertainty about the grasp context during movement preparation resulted in a shift towards feedback-based mechanisms for grasp force modulation despite the persistence of visual cues.

在灵巧的物体操作中,预测控制在允许选择接触点的同时,主要采用基于反馈的力调制。这种预测被认为是通过物体动态的内部表征与物体上接触位置的反馈进行整合,并在逐次试验的基础上进行更新来实现的。这与经典研究中基于记忆表征的指尖力控制不同,后者是通过预先选择的接触位置进行抓取。我们设计了一项研究,在运动规划的框架内,通过在运动开始前引入抓取类型的二进制不确定性,来检验传感器运动整合中这种依赖于抓取情境的不对称性。我们向 24 名参与者展示了一个倒 T 形的器械物体作为操纵杆,并要求他们伸手、抓住并举起该物体,同时尽量减小滚动峰值。我们通过伪随机操纵运动开始后物体上视觉接触线索的可用性,将计划和执行阶段分离开来。我们分析了加载阶段抓握动作的推导以及直接的动力学和运动学测量,以了解预期协调性。我们的研究结果表明,尽管视觉线索持续存在,但运动准备过程中抓握环境的不确定性导致抓握力调节机制转向基于反馈的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Cortical and subcortical substrates of working memory in the right hemisphere: A connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping study 右半球工作记忆的皮层和皮层下基底:基于连接组的病变-症状映射研究
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108998
Emilie Marti , Sélim Yahia Coll , Naz Doganci , Radek Ptak

Working Memory (WM) is a cognitive system whose crucial role is to temporarily hold and manipulate information. Early studies suggest that verbal WM is typically associated with left hemisphere (LH) brain regions, while the processing of visuospatial information in WM more specifically depends on the right hemisphere (RH). However, recent evidence suggests a more complex network involving both hemispheres' prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in these processes. Unfortunately, previous lesion studies often examined only one modality (either verbal, or visuospatial) or one hemisphere, which limits the possible conclusions regarding non-lateralized hemispheric involvement. Using connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping on a large sample of patients with left (LBD) and right (RBD) focal brain damage, we examined whether gray matter damage and white matter disconnections predict deficits of WM updating in an N-back task. Patients were examined with two WM tasks that differed regarding modality (verbal, spatial) and cognitive load (1-back, 2-back). Behavioral outcomes indicated that RBD patients showed significant deficits in WM updating, regardless of task modality or load. This observation was supported by whole-brain voxel-based analysis, revealing associations between WM deficits and gray matter clusters in the RH. Specifically, damage to the right lateral frontal cortex including the brain region homologous to Broca's area was associated with verbal WM deficits, while damage to the right inferior parietal lobe and posterior temporal cortex predicted spatial WM deficits. Additionally, white matter analyses identified severely impacted tracts in the RH, predicting deficits in both verbal and spatial WM. Our findings suggest that the mental manipulation of both verbal and visuospatial information in WM updating relies on the integrity of the RH, irrespective of the specific type of information held in mind.

工作记忆(WM)是一种认知系统,其关键作用是暂时保存和处理信息。早期的研究表明,言语工作记忆通常与左半球(LH)脑区有关,而工作记忆中视觉空间信息的处理更具体地取决于右半球(RH)。然而,最近的证据表明,在这些过程中涉及两个半球的前额叶和后顶叶皮层的网络更为复杂。遗憾的是,以往的病变研究往往只研究一种模式(言语或视觉空间)或一个半球,这限制了对非偏侧半球参与的可能结论。通过对大量左侧(LBD)和右侧(RBD)局灶性脑损伤患者样本进行基于连接体的病变-症状映射,我们研究了灰质损伤和白质断裂是否会预测N-back任务中WM更新的缺陷。患者接受了两种不同模式(语言、空间)和认知负荷(1-back、2-back)的 WM 任务。行为结果表明,无论任务模式或负荷如何,RBD 患者在 WM 更新方面都表现出明显的缺陷。基于全脑体素的分析证实了这一观察结果,并揭示了WM缺陷与RH灰质群之间的关联。具体来说,右外侧额叶皮层(包括与布洛卡区同源的脑区)受损与言语 WM 缺陷有关,而右侧下顶叶和后颞叶皮层受损则预示着空间 WM 缺陷。此外,白质分析发现,RH 中的白质束受到严重影响,这预示着言语和空间 WM 均存在缺陷。我们的研究结果表明,在 WM 更新过程中,对言语和视觉空间信息的心理操作都依赖于 RH 的完整性,而与记忆中信息的具体类型无关。
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Neuropsychologia
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