Neuropsychologia最新文献_第6页

Exploring the neural underpinnings of semantic and perceptual false memory formation 探索语义和知觉错误记忆形成的神经基础

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109332

J.T. West , L. Dubec , R.L. Wagner, N.A. Dennis

Falsely remembering never-before-seen information can have significant negative consequences during everyday life, and can occur when novel information is semantically or perceptually similar to previously encoded experiences. The aim of the current research was to investigate the extent to which semantic and perceptual false memory are associated with overlapping vs distinct neural processes. To investigate this question, 30 younger adults encoded lists of images and words. At retrieval, participants underwent fMRI scanning and made memory judgments for items seen at encoding (targets) and new items that were perceptually or semantically similar to targets (lures). Consistent with our previous work showing that domain-general cognitive processes predict individual differences in false memory production (West et al., 2025) and consistent with past behavioral and neuroimaging false memory research, false memory activity, irrespective of domain, was associated with overlapping activity within the medial prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. At the same time, unique domain-specific activation was observed in frontal (e.g., middle and inferior frontal gyri) and parietal (e.g., superior and inferior parietal lobes) regions for semantic false memory and in frontal (e.g., middle and inferior frontal gyri) and occipital (e.g., middle occipital gyrus) regions for perceptual false memory. Multivariate analyses examining the neural patterns associated with falsely remembered and novel, yet related information indicated that semantic and perceptual items were represented as distinct and discriminable within frontoparietal regions commonly active during both semantic and perceptual false memory. Taken together, these results suggest that false memory formation is associated with both domain-general and domain-specific neural processes at retrieval.

错误地记住从未见过的信息会在日常生活中产生重大的负面影响，当新的信息在语义或感知上与以前编码的经验相似时，就会发生这种情况。本研究的目的是探讨语义错误记忆和知觉错误记忆在多大程度上与重叠或不同的神经过程相关。为了调查这个问题，30名年轻人对图像和单词列表进行了编码。在检索时，参与者进行fMRI扫描，并对编码时看到的项目（目标）和在感知上或语义上与目标相似的新项目（诱饵）进行记忆判断。与我们之前的研究一致，即领域一般认知过程预测错误记忆产生的个体差异（West等人，2025），与过去的行为和神经影像学错误记忆研究一致，错误记忆活动，无论在哪个领域，都与内侧前额叶皮层和下顶叶皮层的重叠活动有关。同时，在语义错误记忆的额叶（如额中下回）和顶叶（如上顶叶和下顶叶）区域，以及知觉错误记忆的额叶（如额中下回）和枕叶（如枕中回）区域，观察到独特的区域特异性激活。对与错误记忆和新奇相关信息相关的神经模式进行的多变量分析表明，语义和知觉项目在语义和知觉错误记忆中通常活跃的额顶叶区域内被表现为不同和可区分的。综上所述，这些结果表明错误记忆的形成与检索时的一般领域和特定领域的神经过程有关。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of 3D versus 2D perception: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis 三维与二维感知的神经关联：激活似然估计meta分析。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109329

Luiza P. Volpi , R. Nathan Spreng , Reza Farivar

Despite hundreds of neuroimaging studies examining the neural correlates of 3D shape perception (as opposed to 2D), there is no consensus because of the diversity of stimuli and depth cues used. We addressed this problem through an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) coordinate-based meta-analysis, pooling together studies that examined the 3D vs 2D shape contrast across multiple depth cues used to render the 3D shapes. A systematic review was performed using Medline, PsychInfo and Embase databases and yielded 25 empirical studies after screening. Articles were split into cue types—disparity (11), motion (10), mental rotation (1), shading (2) and texture (2). We performed three sets of ALE-based coordinate analysis—full-sample ALE analysis, sub-analyses testing individual depth cues separately, and a contrast analysis between disparity-defined 3D shapes and monocularly-defined 3D shapes. Results for the full-sample analysis showed that 3D shape perception is widespread throughout the high-level visual cortex regardless of depth cue. Although cue-specific analyses were underpowered, some trends were observed. Disparity-defined 3D shapes seem to engage higher-level dorsal stream areas, including bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Motion-defined 3D shape recruited ventral stream regions associated with object recognition processes. Monocularly-defined 3D shapes recruited ventral stream areas, mainly the bilateral inferior lateral cortex and dorsal stream IPS for the right hemisphere. W et al.hen contrasted with disparity, monocularly-defined 3D shapes recruited the left lateral occipital cortex. The results suggest laterality in 3D versus 2D shape representations and that 3D shape representations occur in both ventral and dorsal pathways regardless of the depth cues that define them.

尽管有数百项神经成像研究检查了3D形状感知的神经相关性（与2D相反），但由于使用的刺激和深度线索的多样性，没有达成共识。我们通过基于激活似然估计（ALE）坐标的元分析解决了这个问题，汇集了用于渲染3D形状的多个深度线索的3D和2D形状对比研究。采用Medline、PsychInfo和Embase数据库进行系统评价，筛选后获得25项实证研究。文章被分成线索类型——差异（11）、运动（10）、心理旋转(1)、阴影(2)和纹理(2)。我们进行了三组基于ALE的坐标分析-全样本ALE分析，单独测试单个深度线索的子分析，以及差异定义的3D形状和单一定义的3D形状之间的对比分析。全样本分析的结果表明，3D形状感知在高级视觉皮层中普遍存在，而与深度线索无关。尽管针对特定线索的分析力度不够，但还是观察到了一些趋势。差异定义的三维形状似乎涉及更高水平的背流区域，包括双侧顶叶内沟（IPS）。运动定义的3D形状招募了与物体识别过程相关的腹侧流区域。单眼定义的3D形状涉及腹侧流区域，主要是双侧下外侧皮层和右半球背侧流IPS。与视差相比，单眼定义的3D形状招募了左侧枕骨外侧皮层。结果表明，与2D形状表征相比，3D形状表征发生在腹侧和背侧通路，而与定义它们的深度线索无关。

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引用次数: 0

Children's automatic processing of adult face aggression cues 儿童对成人面部攻击线索的自动加工。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109330

Enguang Chen , Xinyue Zhang , Yuan Sang , Liqi Zhu , Hailing Wang , Wenxin Zhang

The detection of threatening information conveyed by faces is crucial for human survival and development, especially for children. Previous research has shown that adults perceive male faces with a high facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) as more aggressive and process this information automatically. However, it is unclear whether children possess similarly. In this study, two experiments were conducted with children (9.61 ± .67 years) to explore their ability to perceive aggression based on fWHR and whether they automatically process this information. In Experiment 1, children were asked to rate the perceived level of aggression in adult faces with high and low fWHR. It was found that high fWHR faces were perceived as more aggressive than low fWHR. In Experiment 2, visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) was used as an indicator to explore automatic processing further in an oddball paradigm. Children were asked to detect fixation size while being presented with adult faces with high or low fWHR in the background. It was observed that high fWHR faces induced vMMN in the 270–330 ms time range, while low fWHR faces did not, suggesting that children are able to automatically process high fWHR faces but not low fWHR. These results suggest that children can detect aggression cues through fWHR and automatically process high fWHR faces.

识别人脸传递的威胁信息对人类的生存和发展至关重要，尤其是对儿童而言。先前的研究表明，成年人认为面部宽高比（fWHR）高的男性面孔更具攻击性，并自动处理这一信息。然而，目前尚不清楚儿童是否也有类似的症状。本研究共对儿童进行了两项实验(9.61±。67年)来探索他们基于fWHR感知攻击的能力，以及他们是否会自动处理这些信息。在实验1中，孩子们被要求对高和低高腰宽比的成人面孔的攻击性感知水平进行评分。研究发现，高脸宽比的脸比低脸宽比的脸更具有攻击性。实验2以视觉错配负性（vMMN）为指标进一步探讨了古怪范式下的自动加工。儿童被要求在面对高或低fWHR的成人面孔时检测注视大小。结果表明，在270 ~ 330 ms时间范围内，高高宽比的面孔会诱发vMMN，而低高宽比的面孔则不会，这说明儿童能够自动处理高高宽比的面孔，而不能自动处理低高宽比的面孔。这些结果表明，儿童可以通过脸高比识别攻击线索，并自动处理高脸高比面孔。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced age differences in semantic memory networks: Evidence from semantically diverse free associations 语义记忆网络的年龄差异减小：来自语义多样化自由联想的证据。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109324

Abigail L. Cosgrove, Roger E. Beaty, Chaleece W. Sandberg, Allison Link, Michele T. Diaz

A hallmark of successful aging is increased life experiences and knowledge. Yet how this additional information is incorporated into semantic memory is unclear. Network science has proven to be a useful tool for modeling semantic memory networks in younger and older adults. Previous research suggests that although vocabulary and knowledge are largely stable across adulthood, older adults may have semantic memory networks that are less efficient, less interconnected, and more segregated. However, prior work, including our own, has largely focused on semantic memory networks derived from highly salient, physical concepts (e.g., animals). Though words essential for natural conversation vary greatly in terms of their psycholinguistic characteristics. In the present study, we examine age-related differences in semantic memory networks derived from a free association task, using both abstract and concrete cues that varied in semantic diversity - the number of unique contexts in which they could appear. Across several analytic approaches, we found that including abstract words in semantic memory networks minimized age-related differences: there were no age differences in network efficiency, but older adults had more interconnected and less segregated semantic memory networks compared to younger adults. Looking at word-level characteristics of the semantic memory networks suggested that for both younger and older adults, words that were high in semantic diversity and were more abstract had stronger connections to other words and were more interconnected. These results suggest that abstract and semantically diverse words are a cornerstone in maintaining older adults’ semantic memory networks.

成功老龄化的一个标志是生活经验和知识的增加。然而，这些额外的信息是如何被纳入语义记忆的还不清楚。网络科学已经被证明是对年轻人和老年人的语义记忆网络建模的有用工具。先前的研究表明，尽管词汇和知识在整个成年期基本稳定，但老年人的语义记忆网络可能效率较低，相互联系较少，并且更分散。然而，之前的工作，包括我们自己的工作，主要集中在来自高度突出的物理概念（例如，动物）的语义记忆网络上。然而，自然对话中必不可少的词汇在心理语言学特征方面差异很大。在本研究中，我们研究了来自自由联想任务的语义记忆网络的年龄相关差异，使用不同语义多样性的抽象和具体线索，以及它们可能出现的独特上下文的数量。通过几种分析方法，我们发现在语义记忆网络中包含抽象词可以最小化与年龄相关的差异：网络效率没有年龄差异，但与年轻人相比，老年人的语义记忆网络相互联系更多，隔离更少。对语义记忆网络的单词级特征的研究表明，无论对年轻人还是老年人来说，语义多样性高、更抽象的单词与其他单词的联系更强、联系更紧密。这些结果表明，抽象和语义多样化的词汇是维持老年人语义记忆网络的基石。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting psychosis via natural language processing of social media posts: potentials and pitfalls 通过社交媒体帖子的自然语言处理来检测精神病：潜力和陷阱。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109325

Laurin Plank, Armin Zlomuzica

The early detection and continuous monitoring of psychosis is of utmost importance in ensuring timely and effective treatment. Current mental health care is unable to meet this demand, partially because methods to detect psychosis are relatively time-intensive and not scalable to large populations. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on the potential of passive data collection from digital devices to overcome this issue. In the present article, we explore whether the analysis of social media (SM) posts through natural language processing (NLP) could improve the detection of psychosis. We first demonstrate how freely expressed speech can be processed automatically in the laboratory to predict and classify psychosis with high levels of accuracy. We further outline the current state of psychosis classification from SM-derived data and discuss methodological issues that are hampering progress in this field. Finally, we delve into potential pitfalls of such systems and provide insight into how these may be circumvented.

精神病的早期发现和持续监测对于确保及时有效的治疗至关重要。目前的精神卫生保健无法满足这一需求，部分原因是检测精神病的方法相对耗时，而且不能扩展到大量人群。因此，人们越来越关注从数字设备被动数据收集的潜力，以克服这一问题。在本文中，我们探讨了通过自然语言处理（NLP）分析社交媒体（SM）帖子是否可以提高精神病的检测。我们首先展示了如何在实验室中自动处理自由表达的语言，以高水平的准确性预测和分类精神病。我们进一步概述了从sm衍生数据的精神病分类的现状，并讨论了阻碍这一领域进展的方法学问题。最后，我们深入研究了此类系统的潜在缺陷，并提供了如何规避这些缺陷的见解。

引用次数: 0

Seeing through the static: Reduced imagery vividness in aphantasia is associated with impaired temporal lobe signal complexity 透过静态观察：失视症的图像生动度降低与颞叶信号复杂性受损有关。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109322

Chanelle Noble , Natasha L. Taylor , Fraser Milton , Jon Fulford , Joshua B. Tan , Claire O'Callaghan , Adam Zeman , James M. Shine

Aphantasia is the inability to experience mental imagery during full wakefulness without any prominent perceptual deficits. Visual aphantasia is associated with differences in distributed brain networks, but its neurobiological underpinnings remain a mystery. In particular, aphantasia may arise due to impairments in the top-down control over visual imagination. We predicted that this in turn would prevent the brains of aphantasic participants from differentiating neural activity encoding the contents of imagination from the background noise of resting activity, particularly within the ventral temporal lobes. To test this hypothesis, we re-analysed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from aphantasics (n = 21), hyperphantasics (those with “photographic imagery”; n = 20), and controls (n = 17) during a simple perception and imagery task. We used two measures of informational complexity to quantify the complexity of the spatial pattern of thresholded BOLD signals in the participants’ temporal lobes during visual perception and imagery. Both measures of spatial complexity showed significant correlations with imagery vividness. We then performed dynamic functional connectivity analyses on the same data revealing that the higher-order networks of aphantasics were abnormally coupled with the temporal lobes during imagery (p < 0.05). These results provide a novel perspective, reframing aphantasia as an inability of the visual system to selectively activate regions encoding object-specific visual categories above background levels of noise.

幻像症是指在完全清醒的情况下，没有任何明显的知觉缺陷而无法体验心理意象。视觉失视症与分布式大脑网络的差异有关，但其神经生物学基础仍然是一个谜。特别是，幻视症可能是由于对视觉想象自上而下的控制受损而产生的。我们预测，这反过来会阻止失忆参与者的大脑将编码想象内容的神经活动与静息活动的背景噪音区分开来，尤其是在腹侧颞叶内。为了验证这一假设，我们重新分析了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据，这些数据来自于在简单的感知和图像任务中收集的幻觉组（n = 21）、过度幻觉组（n = 20）和对照组（n = 17）。我们使用了两种信息复杂性测量方法来量化受试者在视觉感知和想象过程中颞叶中阈值BOLD信号空间模式的复杂性。空间复杂性的两项测量都显示出与图像生动度的显著相关性。然后，我们对相同的数据进行动态功能连接分析，发现在成像过程中，高阶网络与颞叶异常耦合（p < 0.05）。这些结果提供了一个新的视角，将失视症重新定义为视觉系统无法选择性地激活编码对象特定视觉类别的区域，而这些区域高于背景噪音水平。

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引用次数: 0

Adolescent social evaluative decision-making and separation anxiety: Theta dynamics and computational correlates 青少年社会评价决策与分离焦虑：Theta动态和计算相关。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109321

Elizabeth V. Edgar , Peter J. Castagna , Stefon van Noordt , Melle van der Molen , Michael J. Crowley

引用次数: 0

Neural reinstatement and sequential reactivation of navigational episodic memory and its age-related decline 导航情景记忆的神经恢复和顺序再激活及其与年龄相关的衰退。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109319

Jeonghyun Lee , Sang-Eon Park , Sang Ah Lee

When we retrieve memories of past navigational episodes, our brain reactivates cortical representations of the spatial information experienced along the way. Although navigation is temporally dynamic in nature, previous studies on cortical memory reactivation have mostly focused on single items or their associated contexts. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether sequential reactivation of navigational events can be measured from cortical electrophysiological activity and is influenced by factors such as age or the availability of spatial cues. Participants were passively navigated through virtual environments and then asked to remember the routes or destinations that they traveled to. Each navigational episodes contained an average of five turns and varied in the presence or absence of landmarks. Given the decline in navigational abilities in aging, we separately tested younger (ages 22–32) and middle-aged participants (ages 41–63) to identify age-related differences in cortical memory reactivation. Comparing EEG spectral patterns between navigational encoding and retrieval, we found that sequential reactivation of turn events was associated with successful spatial memory in younger adults. This sequential reactivation was correlated with the reinstatement of neural activity during distal landmark-viewing and was primarily driven by theta and alpha oscillations. Although middle-aged adults showed a decrease in sequential reactivation overall, those with preserved landmark reinstatement and sequential reactivation patterns exhibited better spatial memory. These results may have implications not only for our understanding of the electrophysiological correlates of navigation and its age-related changes but also for the broader importance of cortical reactivation in episodic memory retrieval.

当我们检索过去导航事件的记忆时，我们的大脑会重新激活沿途经历的空间信息的皮层表征。虽然导航在本质上是时间动态的，但以前关于皮层记忆再激活的研究大多集中在单个项目或相关背景上。为了研究导航事件的顺序重新激活是否可以从皮层电生理活动中测量出来，并取决于环境地标等空间线索的可用性，我们设计了一个任务，在这个任务中，参与者被动地在虚拟环境中导航，然后被要求记住他们去过的路线或目的地。导航集平均由5个转弯组成，并且在地标的可用性方面有所不同。考虑到导航能力随着年龄的增长而下降，我们分别测试了年轻（22-32岁）和中年（41-63岁）的参与者，以确定记忆检索过程中与年龄相关的差异。通过比较导航编码和检索的脑电图频谱模式，我们发现在年轻人中，转弯事件的顺序再激活与成功的空间记忆有关。这种连续的再激活与远端地标观察期间神经活动的恢复有关，并由θ和α振荡显著驱动。虽然中年人的顺序再激活总体上减弱了，但保留了地标恢复和顺序再激活模式的中年人表现出更好的空间记忆。这些结果可能对我们对情景记忆检索的理解有启发意义。

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引用次数: 0

Paying attention to John Duncan 注意约翰·邓肯。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109323

Daniel J. Mitchell, Moataz Assem, Alexandra Woolgar

引用次数: 0

Memory consolidation during sleep: a facilitator of new learning? 睡眠期间的记忆巩固：新学习的促进者？

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109320

Anna á V. Guttesen , Marcus O. Harrington , Melanie K. Fleming , M. Gareth Gaskell , Scott A. Cairney

Sleep plays a crucial role in consolidating recently acquired memories and preparing the brain for learning new ones, but the relationship between these two processes is currently unclear. According to the prominent Active Systems Consolidation model, memory representations that are initially reliant on the hippocampus are redistributed to neocortex during sleep for long-term storage. An indirect assumption of this model is that sleep-associated memory processing paves the way for next-day learning by freeing up hippocampal encoding resources. In this review, we evaluate two central tenets of this ‘resource reallocation hypothesis’: (i) sleep-associated memory consolidation reduces hippocampal engagement during retrieval, and (ii) this reduction in hippocampal burden enhances the brain's capacity for new learning. We then describe recent work that has directly tested the relationship between sleep-associated memory processing and next-day learning. In the absence of clear evidence supporting the resource reallocation hypothesis, we consider alternative accounts in which efficient learning is not contingent on prior overnight memory processing, but rather that sleep-associated consolidation and post-sleep learning rely on overlapping or independent mechanisms. We conclude by outlining how future research can rigorously test the resource reallocation hypothesis.

睡眠在巩固最近获得的记忆和为大脑学习新记忆做准备方面起着至关重要的作用，但这两个过程之间的关系目前尚不清楚。根据著名的主动系统巩固模型，最初依赖于海马体的记忆表征在睡眠期间被重新分配到新皮层以进行长期存储。该模型的一个间接假设是，睡眠相关的记忆处理通过释放海马体编码资源为第二天的学习铺平了道路。在这篇综述中，我们评估了这一“资源再分配假说”的两个核心原则：(1)睡眠相关的记忆巩固在检索过程中减少了海马的参与；(2)海马负担的减少提高了大脑学习新知识的能力。然后，我们描述了最近直接测试睡眠相关记忆处理和第二天学习之间关系的工作。在缺乏明确证据支持资源重新分配假说的情况下，我们考虑了另一种解释，其中有效的学习并不取决于先前的夜间记忆处理，而是睡眠相关的巩固和睡眠后学习依赖于重叠或独立的机制。最后，我们概述了未来的研究如何严格检验资源再分配假说。

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引用次数: 0