Neuropsychologia最新文献

Do age and episodic memory task performance differentially relate to tract-specific white matter microstructure? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a healthy adult sample 年龄和情景记忆任务表现与脑白质微观结构有差异吗？健康成人样本的横断面和纵向分析。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109394

Ariana Popoviciu, Suparna Rajaram, Timothy Brackins, Lauren L. Richmond

Advancing age is typically associated with declines in both episodic memory function and white matter microstructure (WMM), although there is substantial variability in these trajectories. Relatively little work has attempted to isolate the associations between age, episodic memory function, and WMM in tracts associated with episodic memory, namely the fornix, superior longitudinal fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus, and the cingulum bundle. Given the limited research modeling these variables together, we investigated their interrelations in cognitively normal adults drawn from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample by examining, both cross-sectionally (n = 301; age M = 52.4; Range = 19-85) and longitudinally (n = 147; baseline age M = 56.36; Range = 38-71), whether individual differences in WMM modify the typical age-related trajectory of episodic memory decline as indexed by delayed free recall. Cross-sectional results reveal that both delayed free recall and WMM decreased significantly with age. When modeled together, however, age predicted delayed free recall, whereas WMM was associated with delayed recall performance only in the fornix above and beyond variance explained by age. Longitudinal analyses reveal that changes in WMM did not significantly predict change in delayed free recall performance over time, and advancing age was also not a strong predictor of changes in WMM. Together, findings from our healthy sample across the adult lifespan suggest that episodic memory measured by delayed free recall may have more subtle associations with WMM maintenance than it does with chronological age.

年龄的增长通常与情景记忆功能和白质微观结构（WMM）的下降有关，尽管这些轨迹存在很大的差异。相对而言，很少有研究试图分离年龄、情景记忆功能和与情景记忆相关束（穹窿、上纵束、钩状束和扣带束）中WMM之间的联系。考虑到将这些变量一起建模的研究有限，我们通过横断面（n = 301；年龄M = 52.4；范围= 19-85）和纵向（n = 147；基线年龄M = 56.36；范围= 38-71）研究了从内森克莱恩研究所罗克兰样本中提取的认知正常成年人的相互关系，研究WMM的个体差异是否会改变以延迟自由回忆为指标的情景记忆衰退的典型年龄相关轨迹。横断面结果显示，延迟自由回忆和WMM均随年龄的增长而显著下降。然而，当我们一起建模时，年龄预测了延迟自由回忆，而WMM仅在穹窿中与延迟回忆表现相关，并且超出了年龄解释的方差。纵向分析显示，WMM的变化并不能显著预测延迟自由回忆性能随时间的变化，年龄的增长也不是WMM变化的有力预测因子。总的来说，我们从整个成人寿命的健康样本中发现，通过延迟自由回忆测量的情景记忆可能与WMM维持的关系比与实足年龄的关系更微妙。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of mental images on reasoning: A study on aphantasia 心理意象对推理的影响：一项关于幻觉的研究。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109376

Damien Le Clézio , Maël Delem , Merlin Monzel , Gaën Plancher

There is a long-standing debate about the role of visual mental images in reasoning. Knauff and Johnson-Laird's (2002) Visual Imagery Impedance Effect (VIIE) suggests visual imagery can hinder abstract reasoning, as evidenced by slower responses to visual compared to spatial and control problems. Aphantasia, reduced or absent visual imagery, offers a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis. In an online version of the reasoning paradigm used in VIIE studies, aphantasics and typical imagers completed three problem types (visual, spatial, control), while reaction times and accuracy scores were measured. In addition, a second classification, based on the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ), was employed to differentiate participants according to their cognitive style and explore possible performance differences between the visualiser, spatialiser and verbaliser clusters. While our study replicated the VIIE in typical imagers, demonstrating robust evidence of a slowdown for visual problems in comparison to spatial and control ones, the effect was inconclusive for aphantasics. Although inconclusive, our results suggest that the VIIE may be smaller in participants with aphantasia than in those without. Furthermore, when complete aphantasics are distinguished from hypophantasics, we observed that the former may have a smaller VIIE than the latter. Finally, our OSIVQ classification-based analyses revealed a meaningful slowdown in reasoning for the visualiser cluster, pointing to a possible influence of cognitive style on performance. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of considering the influence of mental images and cognitive styles in theories of reasoning.

关于视觉心理图像在推理中的作用一直存在争论。Knauff和Johnson-Laird（2002）的视觉意象阻抗效应（VIIE）表明，视觉意象会阻碍抽象推理，与空间和控制问题相比，对视觉的反应较慢就是证据。幻视症，即视觉意象减少或缺失，为检验这一假设提供了一个独特的机会。在VIIE研究中使用的推理范式的在线版本中，幻觉成像者和典型成像者完成了三种类型的问题（视觉、空间、控制），同时测量了反应时间和准确性得分。此外，采用基于客体空间意象和言语问卷（OSIVQ）的第二种分类方法，根据参与者的认知风格对其进行区分，并探讨可视化者、空间化者和言语化者集群之间可能存在的表现差异。虽然我们的研究在典型的成像仪中复制了VIIE，证明了与空间和控制问题相比，视觉问题减慢的有力证据，但对幻觉的影响尚无定论。虽然不确定，但我们的结果表明，有幻觉的参与者的VIIE可能比没有幻觉的参与者小。此外，当完全幻觉与幻相区分时，我们观察到前者可能比后者具有更小的VIIE。最后，我们基于OSIVQ分类的分析揭示了可视化集群的推理有意义的放缓，指出了认知风格对性能的可能影响。总的来说，我们的研究结果证明了在推理理论中考虑心理意象和认知风格的影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A neural model of conscious mental imagery and aphantasia 有意识的心理意象和幻觉的神经模型。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109392

Jianghao Liu

Mental imagery refers to one's quasi-perceptual experience in the absence of direct external input. Yet around 4% of individuals with “aphantasia” report an inability to voluntarily generate such experiences. This phenomenon provides a natural experiment that challenges current theories of imagery, which typically assume that reactivation of the visual cortex in imagery generation is sufficient for experience. In fact, aphantasics can reactivate the visual cortex during imagery tasks, suggesting that additional processes are required for conscious imagery. In this theory paper, I propose a neural model of conscious imagery, specifying multiple stages of processing, in which generation provides initial sensory reactivations, integration binds visual features into coherent perceptual-like objects or scenes, and amplification enhances them for conscious access. Attention appears to be necessary, though not sufficient, for conscious imagery. This architecture of processing is supported by a fronto-parietal-fusiform network shaped by two interacting attention systems. Aphantasia primarily reflects deficits in top-down modulation, with preserved generation but impaired integration and amplification of internal representations, linked to altered interactions between frontoparietal networks and the fusiform gyrus. Overall, this model reframes imagery as an active, constructive process shaped by the dynamic interplay of higher-order networks, including attentional, intentional, and memory-control systems, rather than a passive reactivation of sensory representation. It offers a testable neuromechanistic account bridging research on imagery and consciousness, motivating future research on unconscious and conscious processing of internal representations.

心理意象是指在没有外部直接输入的情况下，一个人的准知觉体验。然而，大约4%的“幻像症”患者表示，他们无法自发地产生这种体验。这一现象提供了一个挑战当前图像理论的自然实验，这些理论通常认为视觉皮层在图像生成过程中的再激活足以产生经验。事实上，幻觉可以在想象任务中重新激活视觉皮层，这表明有意识的想象需要额外的过程。在这篇理论论文中，我提出了一个意识意象的神经模型，具体说明了处理的多个阶段，其中生成提供了最初的感觉再激活，整合将视觉特征绑定到连贯的感知样物体或场景中，放大增强了它们以供意识访问。对于有意识的意象来说，注意力似乎是必要的，尽管不是充分的。这种处理结构由两个相互作用的注意系统形成的额-顶叶-梭状网络支持。失视症主要反映了自上而下调节的缺陷，保留了生成，但内部表征的整合和放大受损，与额顶叶注意网络和梭状回之间的相互作用改变有关。总的来说，这个模型将意象重新定义为一个由注意、感觉和记忆网络的动态相互作用形成的主动的、建设性的过程，而不是一个被动的感觉表征的再激活。它提供了一个可测试的神经机制解释，连接了意象和意识的研究，激励了未来对内部表征的无意识和有意识处理的研究。

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引用次数: 0

State but not trait measures of vividness relate to memory accuracy 状态而非特质的生动度测量与记忆准确性有关

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109399

William Duckett, Jon S. Simons

Vivid mental imagery is often assumed to relate to memory accuracy, but recent empirical findings from studies of mental imagery and aphantasia have found conflicting results regarding this association. Recent literature has found the modality of stimulus may influence this association, and that vividness and confidence of memories may change over the lifespan. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between mental imagery vividness and memory for scenes, with a focus on modality-specific and age-related effects, and relationships with confidence. Using a novel experimental procedure, young and older participants memorised objects within scenes and later identified whether specific changes had occurred. Results indicated that while trait-level and averaged measures of vividness did not predict memory accuracy, trial-by-trial state measures were significantly related to subsequent performance. Additionally, results provided evidence that mental imagery may relate to visual aspects of memory more than spatial aspects. Older adults reported higher vividness ratings but performed worse on average than young adults. Confidence and vividness were highly correlated but remained distinct subjective experiences. Re-analysis of an existing related dataset involving people with aphantasia confirmed state-level findings regarding vividness and memory accuracy, highlighting limitations of previous research relying on averaged and trait-level measures. Results identify the need for future research to analyse vividness on a trial-by-trial basis to appropriately investigate the relationship between mental imagery vividness and memory accuracy.

人们通常认为，生动的心理意象与记忆的准确性有关，但最近对心理意象和幻觉的研究发现，这种联系的结果相互矛盾。最近的文献发现，刺激的方式可能会影响这种联系，记忆的生动度和信心可能会随着人的一生而改变。因此，本研究探讨了心理意象生动度与场景记忆之间的关系，重点研究了特定模式和年龄相关的影响，以及与信心的关系。使用一种新颖的实验程序，年轻和年长的参与者记住场景中的物体，然后确定是否发生了特定的变化。结果表明，虽然特质水平和平均生动度的测量不能预测记忆的准确性，但每次试验状态的测量与随后的表现显著相关。此外，研究结果还提供了证据，表明心理意象与记忆的视觉方面的关系可能大于与空间方面的关系。老年人的生动度评分更高，但平均表现比年轻人差。自信和生动高度相关，但仍然是不同的主观体验。重新分析现有的涉及失忆症患者的相关数据集证实了有关生动性和记忆准确性的国家级研究结果，突出了以往依赖平均和特征水平测量的研究的局限性。结果表明，未来的研究需要在逐个试验的基础上分析生动性，以适当地研究心理意象生动性与记忆准确性之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Relationships between fine memory discrimination and tau burden in two independent cohorts of older adults 在两个独立的老年人队列中，精细记忆区分和tau负担之间的关系。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109393

Laura Fenton , Vahan Aslanyan , Diane M. Jacobs , David P. Salmon , James B. Brewer , Robert A. Rissman , Aladdin H. Shadyab , Theresa M. Harrison , A. Carol Evans , Andrea Z. LaCroix , Howard H. Feldman , Laura D. Baker , Judy Pa

Cognitive assessments sensitive to the integrity of the medial temporal lobe, an area vulnerable to early tau deposition, may serve as low-cost adjunctive markers of underlying tau pathology in older adults. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a fine memory discrimination task designed to assess hippocampal integrity. The current cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from two AD prevention trials (the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) study and the Exercise in Adults with Mild Memory Problems (EXERT) trial) to examine relationships between MST performance, amyloid-beta, tau, and hippocampal volume. We additionally explored relationships between performance on a traditional memory test, Logical Memory, and AD-related brain measures. Poorer fine memory discrimination was associated with higher tau as assessed by PET in A4 (N = 407, 59% female, mean age = 71.66, age range = 65–85) and CSF (p-tau181, total tau) in EXERT (N = 41, 61% female, mean age = 74.10, age range = 65–89). Poorer fine memory discrimination was also associated with higher amyloid PET in A4 and smaller hippocampal volume in EXERT. Poorer delayed recall on Logical Memory was associated with higher tau and amyloid burden in A4 and with lower hippocampal volume in EXERT. Poorer retention on Logical Memory was associated with higher tau in Braak I and amyloid in A4 and with CSF tau and lower hippocampal volume in EXERT. These results support the potential of fine memory discrimination as measured by the MST as an adjunctive, accessible screening measure associated with higher tau in cognitively normal, amyloid positive older adults and older adults with amnestic MCI.

认知评估对内侧颞叶的完整性敏感，这是一个易受早期tau沉积影响的区域，可以作为老年人潜在tau病理的低成本辅助标志物。记忆相似性任务（MST）是一项旨在评估海马完整性的精细记忆区分任务。目前的横断面研究利用了两项AD预防试验（无症状阿尔茨海默氏症抗淀粉样蛋白治疗（A4）研究和轻度记忆问题成人运动（施加）试验）的基线数据，以检查MST表现、淀粉样蛋白- β、tau和海马体积之间的关系。我们还探索了传统记忆测试、逻辑记忆和ad相关大脑测量的表现之间的关系。在A4 （N=407，女性59%，平均年龄=71.66，年龄范围=65-85）和CSF (p-tau181，总tau) （N=41，女性61%，平均年龄=74.10，年龄范围=65-89）中，较差的精细记忆辨别与较高的tau相关。较差的精细记忆辨别也与A4较高的淀粉样蛋白PET和较小的海马体积有关。较差的逻辑记忆延迟回忆与A4中较高的tau蛋白和淀粉样蛋白负担以及与较低的海马体积有关。逻辑记忆的较差保留与Braak I的tau蛋白和A4的淀粉样蛋白升高有关，与脑脊液tau蛋白升高有关，与海马体积降低有关。在认知正常、淀粉样蛋白阳性的老年人和失忆性轻度认知障碍的老年人中，MST作为一种辅助的、可获得的筛查措施，与较高的tau蛋白相关，这些结果支持了精细记忆辨别的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Preserved perception-action dissociation but altered visuomotor behaviours in healthy aging 保持知觉-行动分离，但改变视觉运动行为。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109381

Felicia Tassone , Zoha Ahmad , Tzvi Ganel , Erez Freud

The two visual pathways hypothesis posits distinct brain systems for vision-for-perception and vision-for-action. While this dissociation is well-established in younger adults, its integrity in healthy aging remains unclear. To address this, younger (n = 25, range: 18–25 years) and older adults (n = 25, range: 65–95 years) completed estimation and grasping tasks in two experiments. In Experiment 1, two rectangular objects with varying lengths (40 mm and 42 mm) were placed on the “far” and “close” surfaces of a Ponzo illusion. Despite age-related changes in grasping kinematics, the perception–action dissociation persisted. The Ponzo illusion influenced estimation such that objects placed on the “far” surface were perceived as longer. In contrast, grasping was not affected by the illusion in the same way, and showed effect in the opposite direction, with larger apertures for objects placed on the “close” surface of the illusion. Experiment 2 tested whether this reversed effect was mediated by the surface size on which the object was placed, rather than perceived distance. To this end, we removed the illusory distance cues and varied only the background surface size (“big” versus “small”). While perceptual estimations were unaffected, surface size modulated grasping in both age groups, with a stronger effect in older adults. Additionally, grasping times were slower for the far surface in both groups in Experiment 1, whereas this slowing was evident only in older adults in Experiment 2. These findings indicate that the perception–action dissociation is preserved in aging, but older adults rely more on contextual cues during action, potentially reflecting compensatory mechanisms to maintain visuomotor performance.

两种视觉通路假说假设不同的大脑系统分别用于视觉感知和视觉行动。虽然这种分离在年轻人中已经确立，但其在健康衰老中的完整性仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题，在两个实验中，年轻人（n = 25，范围：18-25岁）和老年人（n = 25，范围：65-95岁）完成了估计和抓取任务。在实验1中，两个不同长度的矩形物体（40mm和42mm）被放置在Ponzo错觉的“远”面和“近”面。尽管抓握运动发生了与年龄相关的变化，但感知-行动分离仍然存在。庞佐错觉影响了人们的估计，比如放置在“远”表面上的物体被认为更长。相比之下，抓取不会以同样的方式受到错觉的影响，而是在相反的方向上表现出效果，在错觉的“近”表面上放置的物体有更大的孔径。实验2测试了这种反向效应是否由放置物体的表面大小介导，而不是感知距离。为此，我们删除了虚幻的距离线索，只改变背景表面的大小（“大”与“小”）。虽然知觉估计不受影响，但在两个年龄组中，表面大小调节了抓取，老年人的影响更大。此外，实验1中两组的远面抓握速度都较慢，而实验2中只有老年人的抓握速度较慢。这些发现表明，感知-动作分离在衰老过程中仍然存在，但老年人在动作过程中更多地依赖上下文线索，这可能反映了维持视觉运动表现的代偿机制。

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引用次数: 0

The Phonological Mapping Negativity (PMN) is not phonology-specific: Sensitivity to speaker voice mismatch 语音映射消极性（PMN）不是语音特异性的：对说话者语音不匹配的敏感性。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109380

Jen Lewendon , Stephen Politzer-Ahles

In the electrophysiological time course of speech processing, the Phonological Mapping Negativity (PMN) is a negative-going ERP component thought to specifically index pre-lexical phonological mapping. The response is often used in research investigating the cognitive mechanisms that underlie speech processing, but more recently has been employed in clinical research seeking to identify the specific deficits that contribute to a host of speech and language impairments. The PMN has long been assumed to be sensitive only to phonological manipulations. Here, we test that assumption in a classic phoneme blending task, comparing responses to phonological mismatches and speaker voice mismatches. Participants were instructed to blend nonword primes segmented into onset and rhyme (e.g.,/l/+/ɛk/), which were followed by targets that matched or mismatched based on either phonological expectancy (e.g., match:/lɛk/; mismatch:/wɛk/) or speaker voice expectancy (match: same voice; mismatch: different voice). Analysis of the 150–400 ms post-target window revealed a predicted negative ERP response to phoneme mismatch vs match trials (i.e., the PMN, as typically characterised). Crucially however, analysis of speaker trials revealed a similar pattern of results in response to speaker mismatch vs speaker match. Our findings are discussed in light of ongoing debates about the functional sensitivity and characterization of the PMN, alongside strong recommendations against the use of the component as a biomarker for phonological deficits until further research clarifies the validity of a phonology-specific ERP response.

语音映射负性（Phonological Mapping negative， PMN）是语音加工电生理时间过程中一个被认为是指向词汇前语音映射的负向ERP成分。这种反应通常用于研究语音处理背后的认知机制，但最近已被用于临床研究，以寻求确定导致大量语音和语言障碍的具体缺陷。PMN一直被认为只对语音操作敏感。在这里，我们在一个经典的音素混合任务中测试了这一假设，比较了语音不匹配和说话者语音不匹配的反应。参与者被要求混合分词头和押韵的非词启动词（例如，/l/ + / æ k/），然后是基于语音期望（例如，匹配：/l æ k/；不匹配：/w æ k/）或说话者声音期望（匹配：相同的声音；不匹配：不同的声音）匹配或不匹配的目标。对目标后150-400毫秒的分析显示，与音素匹配试验相比，对音素不匹配的预测ERP反应为负，这种效应通常被描述为PMN反应。然而，至关重要的是，对说话者试验的分析揭示了对说话者不匹配和说话者匹配的反应结果的相似模式。我们的研究结果是根据正在进行的关于PMN的功能敏感性和特征的争论来讨论的，同时强烈建议反对使用PMN作为语音缺陷的生物标志物，直到对这种反应的真实性进行进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal neural development of looming visual motion processing in full-term and premature infants and children 足月和早产儿及儿童隐现视觉运动加工的纵向神经发育。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109375

Silje-Adelen Nenseth , Kenneth Vilhelmsen , F.R. Ruud van der Weel , Audrey L.H. van der Meer

This longitudinal study investigated electrical brain responses to approaching visual motion in full-term and preterm infants and children at 4 months, 1 year, and 6 years. Participants viewed a virtual ball approaching head-on at fast, medium, and slow speeds. Full-term participants showed looming-related brain responses that occurred progressively closer to the point of virtual collision, with mean time-to-collision (TTC) values decreasing from −835 ms at 4 months to −575 ms at 1 year and −260 ms at 6 years. In contrast, preterm children exhibited only modest improvement between 1 year (−850 ms) and 6 years (−435 ms). At both 1 and 6 years, full-term children showed their responses at consistent TTC values across loom speeds, significantly nearer to collision than their preterm peers, who relied on a less efficient strategy based on loom visual angle during infancy. By 6 years, preterm children had also adopted a time-based strategy, yet their responses still occurred significantly earlier in the looming sequence than those of full-term children. Time-frequency analysis (Temporal Spectral Evolution, TSE) revealed synchronised gamma and desynchronised theta, alpha, and beta activity in response to looming motion in both groups during infancy. With age, full-term children showed stronger and more frequency-specific oscillatory activity than preterm children. Coherence connectivity analysis further demonstrated more extensive and organized functional connections in full-term participants at all ages. Together, these findings indicate persistent cortical immaturity and reduced dorsal-stream integrity in children born preterm, contributing to deficits in visual motion perception that extend from infancy into early childhood.

这项纵向研究调查了足月、早产儿和4个月、1岁和6岁儿童对接近视觉运动的脑电反应。参与者观看一个虚拟球以快、中、慢三种速度迎面靠近。足月期的参与者表现出逼近虚拟碰撞点的隐约相关脑反应，平均碰撞时间（TTC）值从4个月时的-835 ms下降到1年时的-575 ms和6年时的-260 ms。相比之下，早产儿在1岁（-850毫秒）至6岁（-435毫秒）期间仅表现出适度的改善。在1岁和6岁时，足月儿童在不同织布机速度下的TTC值表现出一致的反应，明显比早产儿更接近碰撞，早产儿在婴儿期依赖于基于织布机视角的效率较低的策略。到6岁时，早产儿也采用了基于时间的策略，但他们的反应在迫在眉睫的序列中仍然明显早于足月儿童。时间-频率分析（Temporal Spectral Evolution， TSE）显示，两组婴儿在面对隐现运动时伽马活动同步，而θ、α和β活动不同步。随着年龄的增长，足月儿童比早产儿表现出更强的频率特异性振荡活动。连贯性连通性分析进一步表明，在所有年龄段的足月参与者中，功能连接都更加广泛和有组织。综上所述，这些研究结果表明，早产儿童持续的皮质不成熟和背侧流完整性降低，导致了从婴儿期到幼儿期的视觉运动感知缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive and emotional responses during mathematical problem solving in engineering students: An ERP study on problem size and feedback 工科学生解决数学问题时的认知与情绪反应：问题大小与反馈的ERP研究。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109382

Saeedeh Pazoki , Mahati Kopparla , Fanhao Shane Kong , Connie Barroso , Steven Woltering

引用次数: 0

vmPFC damage reduces mind-wandering, but not other classes of off-task thought. vmPFC损伤会减少走神，但不会减少其他类型的非任务思维。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109438

Elisa Ciaramelli, Virginia Pollarini, Andrea Crisafulli, Alessia Ferretti, Manila Vannucci

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is consistently engaged during mind-wandering, but its role in mind-wandering is still unclear. The present study tests the hypothesis that vmPFC is necessary for the (endogenous) generation of stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thought (mind-wandering), but not for externally triggered forms of off-task thought. To this aim, we studied off-task thought in vmPFC patients and brain-damaged and healthy controls, sampling the occurrence of different off-task experiences during a vigilance task, including mind-wandering, external distractions, and task-related thoughts. Moreover, we experimentally manipulated the presence of task-irrelevant cue-words capable to elicit mind-wandering (Standard condition vs. Cued condition). vmPFC patients showed reduced endogenously generated mind-wandering compared to the control groups (Standard condition), but also a weakened tendency to experience mind-wandering in response to cue-words (Cued condition). By contrast, vmPFC patients normally reported on (hence could become aware of) other types of off-task mental content, such as external distractions and task-related thoughts. These findings indicate that vmPFC integrity is necessary for the generation of mind-wandering, be this driven endogenously or by (minimal) cues, possibly by initiating the mental construction of personal (past and future) events that typically fuel mind-wandering. Without such internally generated content, attention is less likely to shift inward.

腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）在走神过程中持续参与，但其在走神中的作用尚不清楚。本研究验证了vmPFC对于（内源性）产生刺激独立和任务无关的思维（走神）是必要的假设，但对于外部触发的非任务思维则不是必要的。为此，我们研究了vmPFC患者、脑损伤和健康对照者的任务外思维，抽样了在警觉性任务中不同的任务外体验的发生，包括走神、外部干扰和与任务相关的想法。此外，我们通过实验操纵了与任务无关的提示词的存在，这些提示词能够引起走神（标准条件与提示条件）。与对照组（标准条件）相比，vmPFC患者表现出内源性走神的减少，但对提示词（提示条件）的反应也减弱了走神的倾向。相比之下，vmPFC患者通常会报告（因此可能会意识到）其他类型的非任务心理内容，如外部干扰和与任务相关的想法。这些发现表明，vmPFC的完整性对于走神的产生是必要的，无论是内源性的还是（最小的）线索，可能是通过启动对个人（过去和未来）事件的心理构建，这些事件通常会助长走神。如果没有这种内部生成的内容，注意力就不太可能向内转移。

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