Neuropsychologia最新文献

Somatosensory influence on auditory cortical response of self-generated sound.

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109103

Nozomi Endo, Coriandre Vilain, Kimitaka Nakazawa, Takayuki Ito

Motor execution which results in the generation of sounds attenuates the cortical response to these self-generated sounds. This attenuation has been explained as a result of motor relevant processing. The current study shows that corresponding somatosensory inputs can also change the auditory processing of a self-generated sound. We recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in response to self-generated sounds and assessed how the amount of auditory attenuation changed according to the somatosensory inputs. The sound stimuli were generated by a finger movement that pressed on a virtual object, which was produced by a haptic robotic device. Somatosensory inputs were modulated by changing the stiffness of this virtual object (low and high) in an unpredictable manner. For comparison purposes, we carried out the same test with a computer keyboard, which is conventionally used to induce the auditory attenuation of self-generated sound. While N1 and P2 attenuations were clearly induced in the control condition with the keyboard as has been observed in previous studies, when using the robotic device the amplitude of N1 was found to vary according to the stiffness of the virtual object. The amplitude of N1 in the low stiffness condition was similar to that found using the keyboard for the same condition but not in the high stiffness condition. In addition, P2 attenuation did not differ between stiffness conditions. The waveforms of auditory ERP after 200 ms also differed according to the stiffness conditions. The estimated source of N1 attenuation was located in the right parietal area. These results suggest that somatosensory inputs during movement can modify the auditory processing of self-generated sound. The auditory processing of self-generated sound may represent self-referenced processing like an embodied process or an action-perception mechanism.

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引用次数: 0

Cerebellum as a neural substrate for impoverishment in early psychosis

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109094

Eric Toyota , Michael Mackinley , Angelica M. Silva , Yuchao Jiang , Tyler C. Dalal , Caroline Nettekoven , Lena Palaniyappan

Background

Formal Thought Disorder and includes both positive (i.e., disorganized speech) and negative (i.e., impoverished speech) symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays a critical role in cognitive functions, including language processing. This study leverages Natural Language Processing to objectively measure language disturbances in patients with first-episode psychosis and investigates the relationship between these disturbances and cerebellar structure.

Methods

Fifty-four patients with schizophrenia, either drug-naïve or minimally medicated, were recruited from an early psychosis program. Impoverished thought was assessed using the Thought Language Index while lexico-semantic features (affect, cognitive, linguistic, perception, time) were identified from speech samples analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count-22 software. Structural cerebellar analysis was completed on 7.0 Tesla MRI scans using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to measure global and regional grey matter volume changes.

Results

Linear regression analysis revealed that reduced perceptual word usage was the strongest predictor of impoverished thinking. Correlational analysis identified reduced cerebellar volumes in patients with lower LIWC-based perception scores. VBM localized this relationship to a cluster in the right posterolateral cerebellar hemisphere, an area related to executive demand and verb generation function.

Conclusion

The cerebellum contributes to impoverished thinking in early psychosis, likely by influencing the lexical expression of perceptual experiences. This underscores the cerebellum's role in higher-order cognitive processes relevant to psychotic disorders and its potential as a therapeutic target for language and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

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引用次数: 0

Linking the multiple-demand cognitive control system to human electrophysiological activity

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109096

Runhao Lu

The frontoparietal multiple-demand (MD) network serves as a core system for domain-general cognitive control, with robust activation with increased demand across diverse tasks. While fMRI studies have characterised the MD network's role in cognitive demand, linking these findings to electrophysiological activity remains a critical challenge. This article discusses the potential of oscillatory and aperiodic neural activity to bridge this gap. Although recent meta-analyses highlight mid-frontal theta power as a robust marker of task demand, its localised spatial distribution, limited cross-task generalisability, and potential confounds from aperiodic components limit its ability to fully represent the MD network. In contrast, aperiodic activity, particularly broadband power, has emerged as a strong candidate for indexing task demand due to its robust decoding performance and cross-task generalisability in response to diverse task demands, and spatial overlap with MD regions. Aperiodic activity may reflect fundamental neural properties, such as spiking rates and excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, and is scale-free and exists across modalities, positioning it as a promising mechanism underpinning domain-general cognitive control that links to the MD network. Meanwhile, multiplexed low-frequency oscillations (e.g., delta and theta) may implement inter-regional synchronisation within the MD network, enabling large-scale coordination between MD subregions that supports cognitive control. Together, this article proposes a hypothetical framework linking the MD network to electrophysiological responses: Aperiodic broadband power, potentially reflecting population-level spiking activity, may support activation within MD regions, while multiplexed low-frequency oscillatory synchronisations may mediate inter-regional connectivity between MD regions.

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引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological evidence for the effect of tactile temporal prediction

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109095

Rongxia Ren , Yinghua Yu , Xiaoyu Tang , Shinnosuke Suzumura , Yoshimichi Ejima , Jinglong Wu , Jiajia Yang

Predicting the timing of incoming information allows the brain to optimize information processing in dynamic environments. Temporal predictions have been shown to facilitate processing of events at predicted time points. Little is still known about how temporal predictions based on rhythm are neurally implemented and affect performance in tactile modality. Here, we manipulated the interstimulus interval to examine the mechanisms underlying the tactile temporal predictions. Using event-related potential (ERPs) technology, we looked at the effect of temporal prediction on tactile processing. At predicted time points, the temporal predictions led to attenuation of N1 component, enhancement of P2 component. Crucially, these electrophysiological modulations were obtained in tactile modality. The current research demonstrates that rhythms can drive temporal prediction, affecting early and late stages of tactile neural processing.

引用次数: 0

Similar neural networks for anger and pride in older adults

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109087

Jae S. Hong , Leona R. Bätz , Shuer Ye , David C. Reutens , Natalie C. Ebner , Maryam Ziaei

There has been a significant amount of research on the neural mechanisms underlying "basic emotions" but relatively less research on complex social emotions like pride, embarrassment, guilt, or shame. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in the neural basis of processing anger, joy, pride, and embarrassment, and possible association with well-being measurements, such as depression, anxiety and stress. Twenty-four younger and twenty-five older adults underwent functional imaging while viewing videos of four emotions and indicating the emotion expressed. Using multivariate analysis (Partial Least Squares), we found that older adults engaged a similar network for both anger and pride, while younger adults recruited two separate networks for positive vs. negative emotions, regardless of whether the emotion was basic or social. Furthermore, older adults with higher stress scores and younger adults with higher depression scores, as measured by the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), activated a similar brain network during recognition of embarrassment. These findings suggest that both pride and anger are emotionally salient and require similar cognitive and attentional resources in older adults, while younger adults’ neural activity is modulated by the valence, rather than the social content of stimuli. Our results also highlight the importance of considering age when studying the neural basis of complex, self-conscious, emotions and their association with well-being measurements.

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引用次数: 0

The role of attention in basic ensemble statistics processing

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109086

Anton Lukashevich , Heida Maria Sigurdardottir , Nikita Kydriavstsev , Igor Utochkin

The visual system can represent information about multiple objects in the form of ensemble statistics, such as their mean feature. Although ensemble representation is often considered a strategy to deal with attentional capacity limitations, it is under debate whether it requires attention. We investigated this question using two ERP markers, the P3 which is evoked by change detection of attended stimuli, and visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) which is elicited by automatic sensory discrimination when attention is diverted from the critical stimulus. In Experiment 1 (attended ensemble changes), observers attended to ensembles and reported rare changes of their mean orientation, while fixating on a central cross. In Experiment 2 (unattended ensemble changes), participants attended to changes in a central cross and ignored the background ensemble stimuli that also sporadically changed mean orientation. When ensembles were attended, changes in their mean evoked the P3 component, a marker of conscious change detection. When the same ensembles were unattended, no evidence for the vMMN, a marker of automatic discrimination, to ensemble mean changes was found. These results let us suggest that attention dedicated to the ensemble task is critical for ensemble discrimination.

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the neural underpinnings of action emulation in expert athletes: An EEG study

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109085

Saskia Wilken , Adriana Böttcher , Christian Beste , Markus Raab , Sven Hoffmann

Athletes specializing in sports demanding rapid predictions and hand-eye coordination are highly trained in predicting the consequences of motor commands. This can be framed as highly efficient action emulation, but the neural underpinnings of this remain elusive. We examined the neural processes linked to the training effect of athletes (4000 h of training) by employing a continuous pursuit tracking task and EEG data. We manipulated feedback availability by intermittently occluding the cursor. As a performance measure, we used the distance between cursor and target (position error), the angle between the cursor and target movement direction (direction error) and the magnitude of cursor acceleration (acceleration error) to quantify movement strategy. In EEG data, we investigated beta, alpha, and theta frequency band oscillations. Athletes' position error is lower than non-athletes’ when there is no feedback about the cursor location, but direction error is not. We found no quantitative power differences in the investigated frequency bands, but evidence that athletes and non-athletes accomplish action emulation through different functional neuroanatomical structures, especially when alpha and beta band activity is concerned. We surmise that non-athletes seemed to rely on top-down inhibitory control to predict guesses on cursor trajectories in the absence of cursor position feedback. In contrast, athletes might benefit from enhanced inhibitory gating mechanisms in the ventral stream and the integration of sensory and motor processes in the insular cortex, which could provide them with processing advantages in computing forward models. We further reflect that this advantage might be supported by alpha band activity in athletes' motor cortex, suggesting less inhibitory gating and a higher likelihood of executing integrated sensorimotor programs. We posit that current framings of neuroanatomical structures and neurophysiological processes in the action emulation framework must be revised to better capture superior motor performance.

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引用次数: 0

Alpha oscillations protect auditory working memory against distractors in the encoding phase α振荡在编码阶段保护听觉工作记忆免受干扰。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109058

Chia-An Tu , Tiina Parviainen , Jarmo A. Hämäläinen , Yi-Fang Hsu

Alpha oscillations are proposed to serve the function of inhibition to protect items in working memory from intruding information. In a modified Sternberg paradigm, alpha power was initially found to increase at the anticipation of strong compared to weak distractors, reflecting the active gating of distracting information from interfering with the memory trace. However, there was a lack of evidence supporting the inhibition account of alpha oscillations in later studies using similar experimental design with greater temporal disparity between the encoding phase and the presentation of the distractors. This temporal disparity might have dampened the demands for inhibition. To test the hypothesis that alpha inhibition takes place when distractors are temporally close to the encoding phase, here we designed a modified Sternberg paradigm where distractors were sandwiched between targets in the encoding phase to ensure that they compete for working memory resources. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we replicated the finding that alpha power increased for strong compared to weak distractors. The effect was present throughout the encoding phase, not only upon the presentation of distractors but also before and after the presentation of distractors, providing evidence for both proactive and reactive inhibition of distractors at the neuronal level. Meanwhile, the effect was restricted to the context of high but not low target-to-distractor ratio. The results suggest that the distractors being temporally close to the encoding phase of more targets might be a boundary condition of the generation of alpha oscillations for gating.

α振荡被认为具有抑制功能，以保护工作记忆中的项目不受信息入侵。在一个改进的斯滕伯格范式中，最初发现在预期强干扰物时，阿尔法能量比预期弱干扰物时增加，这反映了干扰信息干扰记忆轨迹的主动门控。然而，在后来的研究中，使用类似的实验设计，在编码阶段和干扰物呈现之间存在更大的时间差异，缺乏支持α振荡抑制的证据。这种时间上的差异可能抑制了对抑制的需求。为了验证当干扰物暂时接近编码阶段时α抑制发生的假设，我们设计了一个改进的Sternberg范式，将干扰物夹在编码阶段的目标之间，以确保它们竞争工作记忆资源。使用脑电图（EEG），我们重复了强干扰物比弱干扰物的α功率增加的发现。这种效应存在于整个编码阶段，不仅存在于干扰物出现时，也存在于干扰物出现前后，这为神经元水平上干扰物的主动抑制和反应性抑制提供了证据。同时，这种效应只存在于目标与分心物比高而不低的情境中。结果表明，干扰物在时间上接近更多目标的编码相位可能是门控产生α振荡的边界条件。

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引用次数: 0

Creating together: An interbrain model of group creativity 共同创造：群体创造力的脑间模型。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109063

Hadas Pick, Nardine Fahoum, Simone G. Shamay Tsoory

Despite the growing interest in understanding creativity—the ability to produce novel and useful ideas—most research in the field focuses on examining the neural networks underlying creativity in isolated individuals. However, numerous creative breakthroughs in arts, sciences, and industries occur through social interactions, where ideas are generated collaboratively by dyads and groups. The accumulating evidence indicates that cooperative settings foster higher levels of creativity compared to individual settings, suggesting that social factors play a role in creativity.In this review, we synthesize the findings on individual and group creativity and propose a new brain model for understanding group creativity. We extend the twofold model of creativity and suggest that creativity in social setting involves an interplay between idea generation, social influence and flexibility. Building on this model we suggest that group creativity is mediated by activity as well as interbrain coupling in neural circuits associated with associative thinking (default mode network), flexibility (executive control network) and observation-execution (inferior frontal gyrus). By shifting the focus from isolated individuals to social settings, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of creativity and its neural mechanisms. This research direction holds the potential to uncover valuable insights into how group dynamics and social interactions facilitate the generation of creative ideas.

尽管人们对理解创造力（产生新颖有用想法的能力）越来越感兴趣，但该领域的大多数研究都集中在研究孤立个体创造力背后的神经网络。然而，艺术、科学和工业领域的许多创造性突破都是通过社会互动产生的，在这种互动中，想法是由一对对和群体共同产生的。越来越多的证据表明，与个人环境相比，合作环境培养了更高水平的创造力，这表明社会因素在创造力中发挥了作用。在这篇综述中，我们综合了个人和群体创造力的研究成果，并提出了一个新的理解群体创造力的大脑模型。我们扩展了创造力的双重模型，并提出社会环境中的创造力涉及创意产生、社会影响和灵活性之间的相互作用。在此模型的基础上，我们认为群体创造力是由与联想思维（默认模式网络）、灵活性（执行控制网络）和观察执行（额下回）相关的神经回路的活动和脑间耦合介导的。通过将焦点从孤立的个体转移到社会环境，我们可以对创造力及其神经机制有更全面的了解。这个研究方向有可能揭示群体动态和社会互动如何促进创意产生的有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

View-symmetric representations of faces in human and artificial neural networks 人类和人工神经网络中人脸的视图对称表示。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuropsychologia

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109061

Xun Zhu , David M. Watson , Daniel Rogers, Timothy J. Andrews

View symmetry has been suggested to be an important intermediate representation between view-specific and view-invariant representations of faces in the human brain. Here, we compared view-symmetry in humans and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) trained to recognise faces. First, we compared the output of the DCNN to head rotations in yaw (left-right), pitch (up-down) and roll (in-plane rotation). For yaw, an initial view-specific representation was evident in the convolutional layers, but a view-symmetric representation emerged in the fully-connected layers. Consistent with a role in the recognition of faces, we found that view-symmetric responses to yaw were greater for same identity compared to different identity faces. In contrast, we did not find a similar transition from view-specific to view-symmetric representations in the DCNN for either pitch or roll. These findings suggest that view-symmetry emerges when opposite rotations of the head lead to mirror images. Next, we compared the view-symmetric patterns of response to yaw in the DCNN with corresponding behavioural and neural responses in humans. We found that responses in the fully-connected layers of the DCNN correlated with judgements of perceptual similarity and with the responses of higher visual regions. These findings suggest that view-symmetric representations may be computationally efficient way to represent faces in humans and artificial neural networks for the recognition of identity.

视图对称被认为是人脸在人脑中特定视图和不变视图之间重要的中间表征。在这里，我们比较了人类的视觉对称性和经过训练识别人脸的深度卷积神经网络（DCNN）。首先，我们将DCNN的输出与偏航（左右）、俯仰（上下）和滚转（平面内旋转）中的头部旋转进行了比较。对于偏航，最初的特定于视图的表示在卷积层中很明显，但在完全连接的层中出现了视图对称表示。与面孔识别中的作用一致，我们发现，与不同身份的面孔相比，相同身份的人对偏航的视图对称反应更大。相比之下，我们在俯仰或翻滚的DCNN中没有发现类似的从视图特定表示到视图对称表示的转变。这些发现表明，当头部的相反旋转导致镜像时，视图对称性就会出现。接下来，我们比较了DCNN对偏航的视觉对称反应模式与人类相应的行为和神经反应。我们发现，DCNN全连接层的反应与感知相似性的判断和更高视觉区域的反应相关。这些发现表明，视图对称表示可能是一种计算效率很高的方法来表示人类和人工神经网络的面孔，以识别身份。

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引用次数: 0