R. Turcotte, T. Elliott, Mary Ann Fajvan, Yong-Lak Park, D. A. Snider, P. Tobin
In 2003, an ice storm occurred across four Mid-Atlantic states. This study investigated the effects of the ice-storm damage on growth and mortality of five tree species (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Quercus alba, Quercus prinus, and Quercus rubra) from three forest stands in the Wayne National Forest in Ohio. We remeasured the same trees five times between 2003 and 2009. Logistic regression analysis of mortality revealed significant (P 0.05) effects of tree species, crown damage, and size class. We detected a significant effect of crown class on epicormic branching (P 0.01), and saplings and poles as a group had significantly less dieback than sawtimber (P 0.01). Dieback also varied according to crown class, with codominant and dominant trees having significantly (P 0.05) more dieback than both intermediate and overtopped trees. We detected a significant (P 0.01) reduction in diameter growth when 33% of a tree’s crown was damaged. The results of this study will help forest managers to make decisions about salvage, sanitation, and forest rehabilitation efforts following ice storm damage.
{"title":"Effects of Ice Storm Damage on Hardwood Survival and Growth in Ohio","authors":"R. Turcotte, T. Elliott, Mary Ann Fajvan, Yong-Lak Park, D. A. Snider, P. Tobin","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.10-053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.10-053","url":null,"abstract":"In 2003, an ice storm occurred across four Mid-Atlantic states. This study investigated the effects of the ice-storm damage on growth and mortality of five tree species (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Quercus alba, Quercus prinus, and Quercus rubra) from three forest stands in the Wayne National Forest in Ohio. We remeasured the same trees five times between 2003 and 2009. Logistic regression analysis of mortality revealed significant (P 0.05) effects of tree species, crown damage, and size class. We detected a significant effect of crown class on epicormic branching (P 0.01), and saplings and poles as a group had significantly less dieback than sawtimber (P 0.01). Dieback also varied according to crown class, with codominant and dominant trees having significantly (P 0.05) more dieback than both intermediate and overtopped trees. We detected a significant (P 0.01) reduction in diameter growth when 33% of a tree’s crown was damaged. The results of this study will help forest managers to make decisions about salvage, sanitation, and forest rehabilitation efforts following ice storm damage.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.10-053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sticks plus trees meets 3P","authors":"T. Burk","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"93-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over 75% of the New York City Watershed is forested, and the majority of the land is owned by family forest owners. Ownership fragmentation and development may impact both the working forested landscape and water quality. We surveyed the owners of intact and subdivided family forest parcels across various parcel sizes to gauge their awareness of forest management practices and to assess the potential property-level impacts of their activities on water quality. To support the landowner survey, we used field data on forest stocking and timber quality gathered at each property. Results indicate that owners of large parcels (>50 ac) had significantly higher water quality awareness scores than did owners of small parcels and were more likely to have a written forest management plan. Full-time resident owners were more likely to engage in practices that may negatively impact water quality more directly, such as adding structures and a driveway, which increases impervious surface area and associated runoff, and using additives on their lawns, which can add nutrients and chemicals to surface water.
{"title":"Parcelization and land use: a case study in the New York City watershed.","authors":"Jennifer Caron, R. Germain, Nathaniel Anderson","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.10-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.10-038","url":null,"abstract":"Over 75% of the New York City Watershed is forested, and the majority of the land is owned by family forest owners. Ownership fragmentation and development may impact both the working forested landscape and water quality. We surveyed the owners of intact and subdivided family forest parcels across various parcel sizes to gauge their awareness of forest management practices and to assess the potential property-level impacts of their activities on water quality. To support the landowner survey, we used field data on forest stocking and timber quality gathered at each property. Results indicate that owners of large parcels (>50 ac) had significantly higher water quality awareness scores than did owners of small parcels and were more likely to have a written forest management plan. Full-time resident owners were more likely to engage in practices that may negatively impact water quality more directly, such as adding structures and a driveway, which increases impervious surface area and associated runoff, and using additives on their lawns, which can add nutrients and chemicals to surface water.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.10-038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Drivers of Succession in Jack Pine Stands of Boreal Ontario: An Application of Survival Analysis","authors":"Trevor W. Longpre, D. Morris","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forest type classification accuracy assessment for Michigan's State and National Forests.","authors":"L. Leefers, N. Subedi","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.09-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.09-024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.09-024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Li, A. Weiskittel, A. Dick, J. Kershaw, R. Seymour
Taper models to predict upper stem diameters, as well as total tree volume, are presented for 11 major conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region of North America. The Kozak (2004. My last words on taper equations. For. Chron. 80:507–514) Model 02 taper equation was used as the base model form. A nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to account for autocorrelation present among multiple stem analysis observations collected from the same tree. Results show that fitted taper equations can accurately predict both stem form and volume across a range of conditions. The taper models generally had slightly lower bias and root mean square error than the commonly used regional Honer refitted volume equations (1965. A new total cubic foot volume function. For. Chron. 41:476 – 493). The mean absolute bias was reduced up to 28% for certain species using the fitted taper equations compared with the refitted Honer (1965) equations, although the refitted Honer’s models are also quite accurate where total stemwood volumes are needed. Independent validation data sets were used to further confirm reliability and accuracy of fitted taper models in predicting tree volume. These data sets indicated that the equations performed well, in general, but were slightly biased in certain thinned stands and in some New Brunswick ecoregions. Additional data are needed to confirm this and potentially improve model behavior. Overall, the models will be useful for predicting both stem form and merchantable and total volume.
{"title":"Regional stem taper equations for eleven conifer species in the Acadian Region of North America: development and assessment.","authors":"R. Li, A. Weiskittel, A. Dick, J. Kershaw, R. Seymour","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.10-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.10-037","url":null,"abstract":"Taper models to predict upper stem diameters, as well as total tree volume, are presented for 11 major conifer species in the Acadian Forest Region of North America. The Kozak (2004. My last words on taper equations. For. Chron. 80:507–514) Model 02 taper equation was used as the base model form. A nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to account for autocorrelation present among multiple stem analysis observations collected from the same tree. Results show that fitted taper equations can accurately predict both stem form and volume across a range of conditions. The taper models generally had slightly lower bias and root mean square error than the commonly used regional Honer refitted volume equations (1965. A new total cubic foot volume function. For. Chron. 41:476 – 493). The mean absolute bias was reduced up to 28% for certain species using the fitted taper equations compared with the refitted Honer (1965) equations, although the refitted Honer’s models are also quite accurate where total stemwood volumes are needed. Independent validation data sets were used to further confirm reliability and accuracy of fitted taper models in predicting tree volume. These data sets indicated that the equations performed well, in general, but were slightly biased in certain thinned stands and in some New Brunswick ecoregions. Additional data are needed to confirm this and potentially improve model behavior. Overall, the models will be useful for predicting both stem form and merchantable and total volume.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.10-037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kolka, Aaron Steber, K. Brooks, C. Perry, M. Powers
Although a number of harvesting studies have assessed compaction, no study has considered the interacting relationships of harvest season, soil texture, and landscape position on soil bulk density and surface soil strength for harvests in the western Lake States. In 2005, we measured bulk density and surface soil strength in recent clearcuts of predominantly aspen stands (Populus grandidentata Michx. and Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the Chippewa National Forest in northern Minnesota. We stratified these clearcuts by the season harvested, soil texture, and topographic position. In nearly all cases, we observed higher bulk density and surface soil strength following harvesting compared with adjacent and similar but unharvested stands. Within harvested sites, fine-textured soils generally had higher surface soil strength (more compaction) than coarse-textured soils when harvested in the summer, and fine-textured sites harvested in the summer had higher surface soil strength than those harvested in the winter. Landscape position was an important factor only in fine-textured soils. Both summit and toeslope positions had higher surface soil strength following summer harvesting compared with winter harvesting. Overall, our results indicate that fine-textured soils located on both lower and upper slope positions and harvested during unfrozen soil conditions are most susceptible to compaction during logging.
{"title":"Relationships between Soil compaction and harvest season, soil texture, and landscape position for aspen forests","authors":"R. Kolka, Aaron Steber, K. Brooks, C. Perry, M. Powers","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.10-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.10-039","url":null,"abstract":"Although a number of harvesting studies have assessed compaction, no study has considered the interacting relationships of harvest season, soil texture, and landscape position on soil bulk density and surface soil strength for harvests in the western Lake States. In 2005, we measured bulk density and surface soil strength in recent clearcuts of predominantly aspen stands (Populus grandidentata Michx. and Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the Chippewa National Forest in northern Minnesota. We stratified these clearcuts by the season harvested, soil texture, and topographic position. In nearly all cases, we observed higher bulk density and surface soil strength following harvesting compared with adjacent and similar but unharvested stands. Within harvested sites, fine-textured soils generally had higher surface soil strength (more compaction) than coarse-textured soils when harvested in the summer, and fine-textured sites harvested in the summer had higher surface soil strength than those harvested in the winter. Landscape position was an important factor only in fine-textured soils. Both summit and toeslope positions had higher surface soil strength following summer harvesting compared with winter harvesting. Overall, our results indicate that fine-textured soils located on both lower and upper slope positions and harvested during unfrozen soil conditions are most susceptible to compaction during logging.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.10-039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the northeastern United States, both component and total aboveground tree dry-biomass estimates are available from several sources. In this study, comparisons were made among four methods to promote understanding of the similarities and differences in live-tree biomass estimators. The methods use various equations developed from biomass data collected in the United States and Canada. For hardwood species, estimates for biomass components tended to differ among the methods; however, the estimates for total aboveground biomass were more compatible. For softwood species, the biomass estimates among methods were more consistent for components and total aboveground biomass. Considerable variation in biomass component estimates exists among the four methods, suggesting that further study of biomass is needed in the northeastern United States. Ideally, reliable biomass estimators would be established via a regionwide study having consistent and precise definitions and measurement protocols.
{"title":"A Comparison of Above-Ground Dry-Biomass Estimators for Trees in the Northeastern United States","authors":"J. Westfall","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-001","url":null,"abstract":"In the northeastern United States, both component and total aboveground tree dry-biomass estimates are available from several sources. In this study, comparisons were made among four methods to promote understanding of the similarities and differences in live-tree biomass estimators. The methods use various equations developed from biomass data collected in the United States and Canada. For hardwood species, estimates for biomass components tended to differ among the methods; however, the estimates for total aboveground biomass were more compatible. For softwood species, the biomass estimates among methods were more consistent for components and total aboveground biomass. Considerable variation in biomass component estimates exists among the four methods, suggesting that further study of biomass is needed in the northeastern United States. Ideally, reliable biomass estimators would be established via a regionwide study having consistent and precise definitions and measurement protocols.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mixed-effects height-diameter (H-D) models are presented for several commercially and ecologically important hardwoods in Minnesota. After H-D measurements from a plot/stand of interest are obtained, these mixed-effects models can be calibrated to produce localized individual tree height estimates. The use of three trees for a particular species from a plot to calibrate the model provides a reasonable compromise between predictive ability and field-sampling times. If calibrated at the stand level, 3 trees could be used, but larger sample sizes of 10 or 15 for an individual species would be appropriate. To calibrate these models for specific plots/stands, an Excel spreadsheet is available upon request.
{"title":"Mixed-Effects Height-Diameter Models for Commercially and Ecologically Important Hardwoods in Minnesota","authors":"C. VanderSchaaf","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-005","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-effects height-diameter (H-D) models are presented for several commercially and ecologically important hardwoods in Minnesota. After H-D measurements from a plot/stand of interest are obtained, these mixed-effects models can be calibrated to produce localized individual tree height estimates. The use of three trees for a particular species from a plot to calibrate the model provides a reasonable compromise between predictive ability and field-sampling times. If calibrated at the stand level, 3 trees could be used, but larger sample sizes of 10 or 15 for an individual species would be appropriate. To calibrate these models for specific plots/stands, an Excel spreadsheet is available upon request.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting Sugar Maple Mortality in Managed Uneven-Aged Northern Hardwood Stands","authors":"Diane H. Kiernan, R. D. Nyland, E. Bevilacqua","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.10-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.10-054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"43-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.10-054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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