Anomalous dark growth rings have been observed in black cherry (Prunus serotina) sawlogs from northwestern Pennsylvania making the logs unsuitable for veneer products. Thirty-six cross sections with dark rings, each traceable to one of ten stands, were obtained from a local mill and sections were dated and annual ring widths were measured. One or more dark rings were found in 30 of the 36 cross sections. The most frequent years in which dark rings formed were 1994, on 55% of cross sections, and 1995, on 72% of cross sections. Both years were coincident with widespread cherry scallop shell moth (Hydria prunivorata) outbreaks. GIS layers and maps obtained from the Allegheny National Forest were used to document cherry scallop shell moth defoliations in these stands. These rings show a darkened discoloration through all or portions of the annual ring without characteristics typical of gum spots or gum defects caused by traumatic injury from bark beetles or cambium miners. Microscopic examination of the rings revealed darkened fiber cell walls, but no other cellular abnormalities. Dark rings are more common in stands with a high proportion of the total basal area composed of black cherry. These stands also are more susceptible to repeated defoliations from cherry scallop shell moth.
{"title":"Anomalous Dark Growth Rings in Black Cherry","authors":"R. Long, David W. Trimpey, M. Wiemann, S. Stout","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-043","url":null,"abstract":"Anomalous dark growth rings have been observed in black cherry (Prunus serotina) sawlogs from northwestern Pennsylvania making the logs unsuitable for veneer products. Thirty-six cross sections with dark rings, each traceable to one of ten stands, were obtained from a local mill and sections were dated and annual ring widths were measured. One or more dark rings were found in 30 of the 36 cross sections. The most frequent years in which dark rings formed were 1994, on 55% of cross sections, and 1995, on 72% of cross sections. Both years were coincident with widespread cherry scallop shell moth (Hydria prunivorata) outbreaks. GIS layers and maps obtained from the Allegheny National Forest were used to document cherry scallop shell moth defoliations in these stands. These rings show a darkened discoloration through all or portions of the annual ring without characteristics typical of gum spots or gum defects caused by traumatic injury from bark beetles or cambium miners. Microscopic examination of the rings revealed darkened fiber cell walls, but no other cellular abnormalities. Dark rings are more common in stands with a high proportion of the total basal area composed of black cherry. These stands also are more susceptible to repeated defoliations from cherry scallop shell moth.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"150-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abundance and Distribution of Peach Bark Beetle in Northern Hardwood Stands of New York","authors":"R. Hanavan, K. Adams, D. Allen","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Web-Based Decision Support System for Analyzing Timber Harvesting Costs and Productivity","authors":"Jinzhuo Wu, Jingxin Wang, Yaoxiang Li, B. Spong","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Baker, M. Hansen, J. Shaw, M. Mielke, Dixon Shelstad
We surveyed black spruce stands within 0.5 miles of US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots and compared dwarf mistletoe status with that of the FIA and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) forest inventories. Our results differed from FIA results in 3 of 16 stands with FIA plots, with FIA most often not recording dwarf mistletoe in infested stands. The infestation status of 140 of 202 surrounding stands was the same as recorded for the nearby FIA plot. Minnesota DNR forest inventory identified dwarf mistletoe in only 26 of 112 infested stands. Using only the most recent FIA plot data, 8% of FIA plots were recorded as infested. Considering an FIA plot to be infested if it was infested at any time in its history raises the percentage of infested FIA plots to 11%. Of the stands we surveyed, 112 of 202 (55%) were infested, but spatial autocorrelation may bias our sample. For the infested stands, dwarf mistletoe is projected to infest 20% of the stand area and reduce timber volume by at least 14% in the current rotation.
{"title":"The Incidence of Dwarf Mistletoe in Minnesota Black Spruce Stands Detected by Operational Inventories","authors":"F. Baker, M. Hansen, J. Shaw, M. Mielke, Dixon Shelstad","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.10-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.10-017","url":null,"abstract":"We surveyed black spruce stands within 0.5 miles of US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots and compared dwarf mistletoe status with that of the FIA and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) forest inventories. Our results differed from FIA results in 3 of 16 stands with FIA plots, with FIA most often not recording dwarf mistletoe in infested stands. The infestation status of 140 of 202 surrounding stands was the same as recorded for the nearby FIA plot. Minnesota DNR forest inventory identified dwarf mistletoe in only 26 of 112 infested stands. Using only the most recent FIA plot data, 8% of FIA plots were recorded as infested. Considering an FIA plot to be infested if it was infested at any time in its history raises the percentage of infested FIA plots to 11%. Of the stands we surveyed, 112 of 202 (55%) were infested, but spatial autocorrelation may bias our sample. For the infested stands, dwarf mistletoe is projected to infest 20% of the stand area and reduce timber volume by at least 14% in the current rotation.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.10-017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vigor and growth responses of sugar maple and yellow birch seedlings according to different competing vegetation types and fabric shelter use.","authors":"S. Pinna, Annie Malenfant, M. Côté","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding cumulative effects of aspen harvest on wildlife habitat and timber resources in northern Michigan","authors":"A. Locher, H. Campa, L. Leefers, D. Beyer","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"113-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel J. Heggenstaller, E. Zenner, P. Brose, JeriLynn Peck
Young oaks (Quercus spp.) are known to invest more in early root growth than shoot growth, enabling seedlings to tolerate stem die-back and resprouting. The resulting disparity in age between above- and below-ground tissues has been previously demonstrated for seedling-sized stems, but not for successful canopy-ascending trees. We compared the age of stem cross sections taken at 1.0 ft above the ground and those taken at the rootcollar of northern red (Q. rubra) and chestnut oaks (Q. montana) and measured growth rates over the first five years of development. Of 51 sampled stumps, 88% had root systems that were an average of 2.3 to 3.6 yrs older than the aboveground stem. The early height growth rate averaged 19 in./yr supported the supposition that most sampled oaks had been advance regeneration that resprouted following harvest. These results indicate that at least a single topkill does not necessarily pose an impediment to oak regeneration success and may, in fact, provide a competitive advantage and reiterate long-standing assertions that oak reproduction must be well-established before the final harvest.
{"title":"How Much Older are Appalachian Oaks Below- Ground than Above-Ground?","authors":"Daniel J. Heggenstaller, E. Zenner, P. Brose, JeriLynn Peck","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-008","url":null,"abstract":"Young oaks (Quercus spp.) are known to invest more in early root growth than shoot growth, enabling seedlings to tolerate stem die-back and resprouting. The resulting disparity in age between above- and below-ground tissues has been previously demonstrated for seedling-sized stems, but not for successful canopy-ascending trees. We compared the age of stem cross sections taken at 1.0 ft above the ground and those taken at the rootcollar of northern red (Q. rubra) and chestnut oaks (Q. montana) and measured growth rates over the first five years of development. Of 51 sampled stumps, 88% had root systems that were an average of 2.3 to 3.6 yrs older than the aboveground stem. The early height growth rate averaged 19 in./yr supported the supposition that most sampled oaks had been advance regeneration that resprouted following harvest. These results indicate that at least a single topkill does not necessarily pose an impediment to oak regeneration success and may, in fact, provide a competitive advantage and reiterate long-standing assertions that oak reproduction must be well-established before the final harvest.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Between 1984 and 2000, the parcelization of family forests in the New York City Watershed caused a decline in average parcel size from 19 to 16 ac. However, little is known about the timing and intensity of development on subdivided parcels, which has the potential to negatively affect water quality by increasing nonpoint source pollution associated with nutrient runoff and erosion intensified by increased impervious surface area. Using a combination of field measurements and analysis of digital orthoimagery, this study quantified forest cover and impervious surface area on new parcels resulting from subdivision and compared subdivided parcels to intact parcels. Measurements of buildings, driveways, and other features show that by 2005, parcels subdivided between 1984 and 2000 were developed to nearly the same intensity as intact parcels, with 68% of parcels classified as developed. Results indicate that residential development on subdivided parcels has added more than 640 ac of impervious surfaces on family forest since 1984, apparently without being accompanied by observable net reductions in forest cover at the landscape level. These trends have important implications for public policy intended to maintain a forested watershed and prevent the degradation of drinking water quality from nonpoint source pollution associated with development.
{"title":"An assessment of forest cover and impervious surface area on family forests in the New York City Watershed","authors":"Nathaniel Anderson, R. Germain, M. Hall","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-009","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1984 and 2000, the parcelization of family forests in the New York City Watershed caused a decline in average parcel size from 19 to 16 ac. However, little is known about the timing and intensity of development on subdivided parcels, which has the potential to negatively affect water quality by increasing nonpoint source pollution associated with nutrient runoff and erosion intensified by increased impervious surface area. Using a combination of field measurements and analysis of digital orthoimagery, this study quantified forest cover and impervious surface area on new parcels resulting from subdivision and compared subdivided parcels to intact parcels. Measurements of buildings, driveways, and other features show that by 2005, parcels subdivided between 1984 and 2000 were developed to nearly the same intensity as intact parcels, with 68% of parcels classified as developed. Results indicate that residential development on subdivided parcels has added more than 640 ac of impervious surfaces on family forest since 1984, apparently without being accompanied by observable net reductions in forest cover at the landscape level. These trends have important implications for public policy intended to maintain a forested watershed and prevent the degradation of drinking water quality from nonpoint source pollution associated with development.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most common silvicultural prescription for regenerating red pine in the Lake States is clearcutting followed by planting; however, the use of partial harvesting is increasingly being used to maintain aesthetic values and wildlife habitat. The purpose of this study, which was established by Dr. Dan Gilmore, is to evaluate the success of four alternative vegetation management methods in promoting the natural regeneration of a 90 yr-old red pine stand that was thinned (in 1960, 1970, and 1985; thinned to 120 ft ac) 5 years prior to final harvest.
{"title":"Influence of Site Preparation on Natural Regeneration and Understory Plant Communities within Red Pine Shelterwood Systems","authors":"A. D’Amato, John Segari, D. Gilmore","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-021","url":null,"abstract":"The most common silvicultural prescription for regenerating red pine in the Lake States is clearcutting followed by planting; however, the use of partial harvesting is increasingly being used to maintain aesthetic values and wildlife habitat. The purpose of this study, which was established by Dr. Dan Gilmore, is to evaluate the success of four alternative vegetation management methods in promoting the natural regeneration of a 90 yr-old red pine stand that was thinned (in 1960, 1970, and 1985; thinned to 120 ft ac) 5 years prior to final harvest.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Smith, M. Markowski-Lindsay, J. Wagner, D. Kittredge
We analyzed 33 years of red oak, white pine, and hemlock real stumpage prices—after removing inflationary effects—in southern New England. All real prices fluctuated; the real stumpage prices for white pine appear stable, hemlock decreased, but only red oak stumpage increased meaningfully over the 33-year period. This speaks to the importance of management—including silvicultural prescriptions to improve volume increment over time.
{"title":"Stumpage prices in southern New England (1978-2011): how do red oak, white pine, and Hemlock prices vary over time?","authors":"J. Smith, M. Markowski-Lindsay, J. Wagner, D. Kittredge","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-033","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed 33 years of red oak, white pine, and hemlock real stumpage prices—after removing inflationary effects—in southern New England. All real prices fluctuated; the real stumpage prices for white pine appear stable, hemlock decreased, but only red oak stumpage increased meaningfully over the 33-year period. This speaks to the importance of management—including silvicultural prescriptions to improve volume increment over time.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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