{"title":"Estimating aboveground biomass and average annual wood biomass increment with airborne leaf-on and leaf-off lidar in great lakes forest types","authors":"Ryan S. Anderson, P. Bolstad","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. D. Walter, L. Godsey, H. E. Garrett, J. Dwyer, J. Sambeek, M. Ellersieck
Bareroot Seedling Production In November of 1995, acorns were sown at 20/ft to a depth of 1 in. and covered with 2 in. of mulch. One thousand lb/acre of 28-14-14 NPK had been previously incorporated into the tilled silty loam soil before mounding to create 4-ft-wide raised beds. An additional 1,000–1,500 lb/acre of the 28-14-14 NPK were applied in increments of 300–400 lb/acre throughout the remainder of the growing season. Seedlings were lifted in early March of 1997, graded for size (15% culled) and stored at 34° F until planted. At the time of planting, another 25% of the seedlings were culled, resulting in a mean seedling height of 0.81 ft and a caliper (1 in. above root collar) of 0.15 in. Seedling Establishment RPM -containerized seedlings were field-planted during early October 1996. Bareroot seedlings were field-planted in March 1997. The planting site was located at the Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center, New Franklin, Missouri (39° 02 N and 92° 46 W). Soils are Menfro silt loam with a 2% slope. The longterm mean annual precipitation for the study area is 38 in. Prior to planting, 5-ft strips (20 ft center-to-center) were treated with a combination of glyphosate and simazine for weed control. Seedlings (RPM and bareroot) were planted in the strips at 10-ft intervals. Four pairs of RPM and four pairs of bareroot planting stock were randomly planted within single species rows for each of the three oak species. Each species was randomly assigned to 4 of 12 strips. Data Collection Survival of RPM and bareroot planting stock was monitored annually through age 5 before an initial thinning. During a second dormant season thinning in February 2010 (13 years after outplanting), an additional 10, 15, and 5 trees from RPM planting stock and 10, 7, and 6 trees from bareroot stock of swamp white, black, and white oaks, respectively, were harvested. Selection was made randomly in the office to remove one tree of each surviving pair. The trees to be removed were dictated by the need to create strategically positioned canopy gaps. Trees were cut at groundline and measured for dbh, total height, aboveground fresh weight, and stem-only fresh weight (tree weight minus branch weight). A 1,000-lb load cell connected to a SGCN Dillon electronic meter was hung from the bucket of a skid loader to determine tree and stem-fresh weight. Trees were attached to the load cell by a short cable and lifted until each tree cleared the ground. Data Analysis Survival data (first 5 years for all 32 RPM and bareroot planting stock) were analyzed as a split plot in space. Trees on four of six treatment combinations had 100% survival and, since a logit value cannot be calculated on 100 or 0%, a dead tree (0) was added to each treatment within each of the four replications (rows) for each species. The main plot contained the effect of species and the subplot contained the effect of treatment and species treatment interaction. Replication within species was used as th
{"title":"Survival and 14-Year Growth of Black, White, and Swamp White Oaks Established as Bareroot and RPM®-Containerized Planting Stock","authors":"W. D. Walter, L. Godsey, H. E. Garrett, J. Dwyer, J. Sambeek, M. Ellersieck","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-047","url":null,"abstract":"Bareroot Seedling Production In November of 1995, acorns were sown at 20/ft to a depth of 1 in. and covered with 2 in. of mulch. One thousand lb/acre of 28-14-14 NPK had been previously incorporated into the tilled silty loam soil before mounding to create 4-ft-wide raised beds. An additional 1,000–1,500 lb/acre of the 28-14-14 NPK were applied in increments of 300–400 lb/acre throughout the remainder of the growing season. Seedlings were lifted in early March of 1997, graded for size (15% culled) and stored at 34° F until planted. At the time of planting, another 25% of the seedlings were culled, resulting in a mean seedling height of 0.81 ft and a caliper (1 in. above root collar) of 0.15 in. Seedling Establishment RPM -containerized seedlings were field-planted during early October 1996. Bareroot seedlings were field-planted in March 1997. The planting site was located at the Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center, New Franklin, Missouri (39° 02 N and 92° 46 W). Soils are Menfro silt loam with a 2% slope. The longterm mean annual precipitation for the study area is 38 in. Prior to planting, 5-ft strips (20 ft center-to-center) were treated with a combination of glyphosate and simazine for weed control. Seedlings (RPM and bareroot) were planted in the strips at 10-ft intervals. Four pairs of RPM and four pairs of bareroot planting stock were randomly planted within single species rows for each of the three oak species. Each species was randomly assigned to 4 of 12 strips. Data Collection Survival of RPM and bareroot planting stock was monitored annually through age 5 before an initial thinning. During a second dormant season thinning in February 2010 (13 years after outplanting), an additional 10, 15, and 5 trees from RPM planting stock and 10, 7, and 6 trees from bareroot stock of swamp white, black, and white oaks, respectively, were harvested. Selection was made randomly in the office to remove one tree of each surviving pair. The trees to be removed were dictated by the need to create strategically positioned canopy gaps. Trees were cut at groundline and measured for dbh, total height, aboveground fresh weight, and stem-only fresh weight (tree weight minus branch weight). A 1,000-lb load cell connected to a SGCN Dillon electronic meter was hung from the bucket of a skid loader to determine tree and stem-fresh weight. Trees were attached to the load cell by a short cable and lifted until each tree cleared the ground. Data Analysis Survival data (first 5 years for all 32 RPM and bareroot planting stock) were analyzed as a split plot in space. Trees on four of six treatment combinations had 100% survival and, since a logit value cannot be calculated on 100 or 0%, a dead tree (0) was added to each treatment within each of the four replications (rows) for each species. The main plot contained the effect of species and the subplot contained the effect of treatment and species treatment interaction. Replication within species was used as th","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partitioning the Effect of Release and Liming on Growth of Sugar Maple and American Beech Saplings","authors":"L. Duchesne, Jean-David Moore, R. Ouimet","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fungal pathogen Diplodia pinea has caused substantial damage to red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings in nurseries, but the impact of Diplodia shoot blight on naturally occurring seedlings has not been thoroughly investigated. In 2008, incidence and severity of Diplodia shoot blight symptoms on living red pine seedlings and shoot blight-associated mortality of seedlings were quantified in understories of mature plantations at four sites in Wisconsin. Blighted shoots were examined for characteristic fruiting structures of the pathogen and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed D. pinea as present on these shoots. Mean seedling mortality ranged from 13 to 31% and shoot blight incidence on living seedlings was ≥ 94% at each site. Mean damage severity ratings on a scale from 0 to 3 ranged from 2.16 to 2.98, with evidence of previous blighting of leaders on ≥ 54% of seedlings. These results document Diplodia shoot blight damage to naturally occurring understory trees and the potential for this disease to impede efforts to naturally regenerate red pine stands.
{"title":"Diplodia Shoot Blight Damage to Understory Red Pine Seedlings","authors":"B. Oblinger, Denise R. Smith, G. Stanosz","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-022","url":null,"abstract":"The fungal pathogen Diplodia pinea has caused substantial damage to red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings in nurseries, but the impact of Diplodia shoot blight on naturally occurring seedlings has not been thoroughly investigated. In 2008, incidence and severity of Diplodia shoot blight symptoms on living red pine seedlings and shoot blight-associated mortality of seedlings were quantified in understories of mature plantations at four sites in Wisconsin. Blighted shoots were examined for characteristic fruiting structures of the pathogen and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed D. pinea as present on these shoots. Mean seedling mortality ranged from 13 to 31% and shoot blight incidence on living seedlings was ≥ 94% at each site. Mean damage severity ratings on a scale from 0 to 3 ranged from 2.16 to 2.98, with evidence of previous blighting of leaders on ≥ 54% of seedlings. These results document Diplodia shoot blight damage to naturally occurring understory trees and the potential for this disease to impede efforts to naturally regenerate red pine stands.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selected quality aspects of natural regeneration in gaps were studied in two sugar maple-yellow birch forest stands in Quebec: a selection-cut stand (SC) and a protected old-growth stand (OG). The quality-assessment systems by Sonderman (1979) and Borner et al. (2003) were applied to saplings and poles of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) between 2.5-13.0 m in height to assess stem deviation, forks, the number of live branches, branch diameters, and overall quality. These individual quality parameters, the Sonderman-quality index (QI), and a modified quality index (mQI) were used to illustrate differences in sapling quality between species and stands. Saplings and poles in the OG had fewer forks and fewer live branches of smaller relative branch diameters, resulting in better overall quality compared to the SC. Gap size had no significant influence on individual quality parameters, Sonderman-QI, or mQI class. The combination of both assessment systems into the mQI class allows for a comprehensive evaluation of regeneration quality, which may be used to evaluate the success of silvicultural measures in the context of quality-oriented northern hardwoods management. ABSTRACT
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Natural Regeneration Quality in Two Northern Hardwood Stands","authors":"U. Hagemann, G. V. D. Kelen, S. Wagner","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-002","url":null,"abstract":"Selected quality aspects of natural regeneration in gaps were studied in two sugar maple-yellow birch forest stands in Quebec: a selection-cut stand (SC) and a protected old-growth stand (OG). The quality-assessment systems by Sonderman (1979) and Borner et al. (2003) were applied to saplings and poles of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) between 2.5-13.0 m in height to assess stem deviation, forks, the number of live branches, branch diameters, and overall quality. These individual quality parameters, the Sonderman-quality index (QI), and a modified quality index (mQI) were used to illustrate differences in sapling quality between species and stands. Saplings and poles in the OG had fewer forks and fewer live branches of smaller relative branch diameters, resulting in better overall quality compared to the SC. Gap size had no significant influence on individual quality parameters, Sonderman-QI, or mQI class. The combination of both assessment systems into the mQI class allows for a comprehensive evaluation of regeneration quality, which may be used to evaluate the success of silvicultural measures in the context of quality-oriented northern hardwoods management. ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impacts of Vegetation Abundance and Terrain Obstacles on Brushcutter Performance During Regeneration Release","authors":"Denise Dubeau, L. Lebel, D. Imbeau, I. Auger","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cécile Madec, Denis Walsh, Daniel Lord, P. Tremblay, Jean-François Boucher, Sylvie Bouchard
Black spruce-lichen woodlands (LW) are naturally occurring unproductive low tree density stands within the eastern North American closed-crown boreal forest. Natural reforestation in LWs is impeded by the lichen mat and ericaceous shrubs that inhibit seedling establishment. Disk scarification is a mechanical site preparation method that creates furrows where lichens and shrubs are removed and mineral soil is exposed, which is the preferred seedbed for black spruce natural regeneration. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of disk scarification on black spruce establishment in LWs by natural seeding. Disk scarification was performed amid scattered seed trees in six study sites located in the central area of boreal Quebec's spruce-moss bioclimatic domain. Newly established black spruce seedlings were significantly more abundant (ca. 81%; χ2 = 28.72, P < 0.001) in the furrows of scarified plots even though the proportion of disturbed soil was small (ca. 20%). Seedling establishment occurred for at least 3 years following scarification, with a peak in the first year. The distribution and density of seed trees (112‐363 stems ha−1) did not limit natural seedling establishment in this study. Five years after scarification, observed densities and stocking levels of newly established black spruce seedlings were sufficient to expect afforestation without planting in scarified LWs.
黑云杉地衣林地(LW)是北美东部闭冠北方针叶林中自然产生的非生产性低树密度林地。地衣垫和白垩灌木抑制了幼苗的形成，阻碍了低海拔地区的自然再造林。圆盘切割是一种机械的场地准备方法，它在地衣和灌木被移除的地方创造犁沟，暴露出矿物土壤，这是黑云杉自然再生的首选苗床。本研究的目的是量化自然播种对低林区黑云杉生长的影响。在魁北克北部云杉-苔藓生物气候带中心地区的六个研究地点，在分散的种子树中进行了磁盘切割。新建立的黑云杉幼苗数量显著增加(约81%;(χ2 = 28.72, P < 0.001)，尽管扰动土壤比例很小(约20%)。割伤后至少3年才能成苗，在第一年达到高峰。在本研究中，种子树的分布和密度(112‐363茎每−1)没有限制自然幼苗的建立。切割后5年，观察到的新建立的黑云杉幼苗的密度和放养水平足以预期在切割后的LWs中无需种植即可造林。
{"title":"Afforestation of Black Spruce Lichen Woodlands by Natural Seeding","authors":"Cécile Madec, Denis Walsh, Daniel Lord, P. Tremblay, Jean-François Boucher, Sylvie Bouchard","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-042","url":null,"abstract":"Black spruce-lichen woodlands (LW) are naturally occurring unproductive low tree density stands within the eastern North American closed-crown boreal forest. Natural reforestation in LWs is impeded by the lichen mat and ericaceous shrubs that inhibit seedling establishment. Disk scarification is a mechanical site preparation method that creates furrows where lichens and shrubs are removed and mineral soil is exposed, which is the preferred seedbed for black spruce natural regeneration. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of disk scarification on black spruce establishment in LWs by natural seeding. Disk scarification was performed amid scattered seed trees in six study sites located in the central area of boreal Quebec's spruce-moss bioclimatic domain. Newly established black spruce seedlings were significantly more abundant (ca. 81%; χ2 = 28.72, P < 0.001) in the furrows of scarified plots even though the proportion of disturbed soil was small (ca. 20%). Seedling establishment occurred for at least 3 years following scarification, with a peak in the first year. The distribution and density of seed trees (112‐363 stems ha−1) did not limit natural seedling establishment in this study. Five years after scarification, observed densities and stocking levels of newly established black spruce seedlings were sufficient to expect afforestation without planting in scarified LWs.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The economics of managing maple trees for syrup or sawtimber production.","authors":"Michael L. Farrell","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microsite availability is crucial for recruitment success in natural populations as well as populations being established for restoration projects. Understanding the specific microsite requirements of a particular species targeted for restoration will increase the probability of success of any restoration project. Surface mining for coal represents one of the largest anthropogenic disturbances to the forests of the eastern United States. The original natural range of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) overlaps the extent of the Appalachian Coal Basin. With American chestnut being readied for reintroduction trials, we sought here to determine some of the effects of microsite conditions on the establishment success of American chestnut on mine sites reclaimed using new, compaction-reducing techniques (i.e., “end-dump” reclamation) that create a series of loosely dumped mounds roughly 8-m diameter and 3-m tall to serve as a planting substrate. Specifically, we examined the effects of distance from existing forest edge, amount of existing cover of vegetation, small-scale topographic position, and a small set of soil variables on the growth and survival over three seasons of American chestnut seedlings planted on a reclaimed mine site in east-central Ohio. We found decreased tree survival adjacent to existing forest edges and greater annual growth rates at distances of 20 and 50 m from the existing forest edge. Microtopographic position had a significant effect on seedling growth and survival—seedlings planted higher on mounds had increased mortality and lower growth than those on the side slopes of those mounds. The amount of existing vegetative cover also affected survival and growth; trees growing in plots with higher vegetative cover values showed increased growth and survival. The compaction-reducing reclamation approach used here is relatively new and novel. Promising results that have been observed to date using American chestnut and this method seem to indicate that the combination may be very effective at restoring functional forests on lands degraded by surface mining.
{"title":"Reintroduction of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) on Reclaimed Mine Sites in Ohio: Microsite Factors Controlling Establishment Success","authors":"K. Gilland, B. Mccarthy","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-041","url":null,"abstract":"Microsite availability is crucial for recruitment success in natural populations as well as populations being established for restoration projects. Understanding the specific microsite requirements of a particular species targeted for restoration will increase the probability of success of any restoration project. Surface mining for coal represents one of the largest anthropogenic disturbances to the forests of the eastern United States. The original natural range of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) overlaps the extent of the Appalachian Coal Basin. With American chestnut being readied for reintroduction trials, we sought here to determine some of the effects of microsite conditions on the establishment success of American chestnut on mine sites reclaimed using new, compaction-reducing techniques (i.e., “end-dump” reclamation) that create a series of loosely dumped mounds roughly 8-m diameter and 3-m tall to serve as a planting substrate. Specifically, we examined the effects of distance from existing forest edge, amount of existing cover of vegetation, small-scale topographic position, and a small set of soil variables on the growth and survival over three seasons of American chestnut seedlings planted on a reclaimed mine site in east-central Ohio. We found decreased tree survival adjacent to existing forest edges and greater annual growth rates at distances of 20 and 50 m from the existing forest edge. Microtopographic position had a significant effect on seedling growth and survival—seedlings planted higher on mounds had increased mortality and lower growth than those on the side slopes of those mounds. The amount of existing vegetative cover also affected survival and growth; trees growing in plots with higher vegetative cover values showed increased growth and survival. The compaction-reducing reclamation approach used here is relatively new and novel. Promising results that have been observed to date using American chestnut and this method seem to indicate that the combination may be very effective at restoring functional forests on lands degraded by surface mining.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Parrott, J. Lhotka, J. Stringer, Dylan N. Dillaway
{"title":"Seven-Year Effects of Midstory Removal on Natural and Underplanted Oak Reproduction","authors":"D. Parrott, J. Lhotka, J. Stringer, Dylan N. Dillaway","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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