Amitraz and Sniper (dichlorvos) are known ectoparasiticides of dogs in Nigeria. Although reports of their toxicosis exist, information on the pathological presentations of their combined toxicosis is scanty hence the present case report. Two dogs both had Amitraz bath with simultaneous fumigation of their immediate environment with Sniper (diclorvos). Excessive salivation, staggering gait, and respiratory distress were observed shortly thereafter with the prompt administration of atropine sulphate which ameliorated it, but a particular dog progressively became weak, inactive and off feed. A vomitus, dark watery stool and blood spots were observed within its kennel before death. The post-mortem examination revealed emaciated, dehydrated and tick infested carcass with pale ocular and oral mucous membranes. There was also ileocolic intestinal intussusception characterized by anal intussusceptum protrusion, congested liver and pulmonary peribronchial haemorrhage with inter-alveoli cellular infiltration including haemorrhagic enteritis. Death might have been due to hypovolemic shock following the observed dehydration, pallor, haematochezia, peritoneal fluid exudation, hepatic congestion, pneumonia characterized by peribronchial haemorrhages, and haemorrhagic enteritis. The observed intussusception was a rare occurrence in a dog following Amitraz and Sniper poisoning in Abuja, Nigeria, which highlighted the need for their cautious and professional use.
{"title":"Pathological changes in an Alsatian dog following Amitraz and Sniper (dichlorvos) exposure","authors":"S. Abalaka, O. Ajagbe, P. Mshelbwala","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Amitraz and Sniper (dichlorvos) are known ectoparasiticides of dogs in Nigeria. Although reports of their toxicosis exist, information on the pathological presentations of their combined toxicosis is scanty hence the present case report. Two dogs both had Amitraz bath with simultaneous fumigation of their immediate environment with Sniper (diclorvos). Excessive salivation, staggering gait, and respiratory distress were observed shortly thereafter with the prompt administration of atropine sulphate which ameliorated it, but a particular dog progressively became weak, inactive and off feed. A vomitus, dark watery stool and blood spots were observed within its kennel before death. The post-mortem examination revealed emaciated, dehydrated and tick infested carcass with pale ocular and oral mucous membranes. There was also ileocolic intestinal intussusception characterized by anal intussusceptum protrusion, congested liver and pulmonary peribronchial haemorrhage with inter-alveoli cellular infiltration including haemorrhagic enteritis. Death might have been due to hypovolemic shock following the observed dehydration, pallor, haematochezia, peritoneal fluid exudation, hepatic congestion, pneumonia characterized by peribronchial haemorrhages, and haemorrhagic enteritis. The observed intussusception was a rare occurrence in a dog following Amitraz and Sniper poisoning in Abuja, Nigeria, which highlighted the need for their cautious and professional use.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89008560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Y. Gurumyen, T. Omadevuaye, T. N. Polycarp, E. Tizhe, L. Adekunle, A. Usman, A. Jubril, R. Antia, V. Taiwo
Vaginal leiomyomas are uncommon tumours and they may originate from vaginal smooth muscles, local arterial musculature, bladder or urethral smooth muscles. An 8-year-old Caucasian bitch was presented with a round pendulous smooth solid mass of about 5cm in diameter at the junction between the vestibule and vagina. Two other similar smaller masses were seen on the vaginal wall (0.4-0.6cm in diameter). Histopathologically, abundant densely packed spindle cells of uniform size, indistinct cellular borders, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and elongate, blunt-ended (cigar shaped) nuclei were seen. The cells appeared grouped in broad interlacing fibres at angles of 90 degree in a herringbone pattern, typical of smooth muscle tissue. In-depth examination of the reproductive tract should be carried out to avoid missing valuable diagnostic information that could help in proper intervention.
{"title":"Gross and histopathological diagnosis of intra-luminal vaginal leiomyoma in an 8-year-old Caucasian bitch: case report","authors":"G. Y. Gurumyen, T. Omadevuaye, T. N. Polycarp, E. Tizhe, L. Adekunle, A. Usman, A. Jubril, R. Antia, V. Taiwo","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginal leiomyomas are uncommon tumours and they may originate from vaginal smooth muscles, local arterial musculature, bladder or urethral smooth muscles. An 8-year-old Caucasian bitch was presented with a round pendulous smooth solid mass of about 5cm in diameter at the junction between the vestibule and vagina. Two other similar smaller masses were seen on the vaginal wall (0.4-0.6cm in diameter). Histopathologically, abundant densely packed spindle cells of uniform size, indistinct cellular borders, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and elongate, blunt-ended (cigar shaped) nuclei were seen. The cells appeared grouped in broad interlacing fibres at angles of 90 degree in a herringbone pattern, typical of smooth muscle tissue. In-depth examination of the reproductive tract should be carried out to avoid missing valuable diagnostic information that could help in proper intervention.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. T. Onwuama, T. A. Ojodare, E. S. Kigir, A. Z. Jaji, S. O. Salami
The process of skeletal processing which involves soft tissues removal, bone cleaning, articulation and labelling is a fundamental step in achieving gross anatomical and archeological studies in museum display of skeletal specimens. It also helps to further highlight the functional anatomy of bones. Several methods of bone preparation have been practiced so as to achieve desired quality bone specimens in the shortest possible time with limited resources. To this end, this study was carried out on 16 (8 males and 8 females) helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis) a representative of the avian species using four different bone preparation methods (Burial, cold maceration, chemical and insect larvae) at 31ºc to determine the most suitable in this species. Dissection to remove feathers, skin and internal organs was performed prior to each method. Burial in soil took 14 days for complete bone recovery, turned the bones uniformly light brown while producing an indelible putrefying smell with no evidence of cracks on the bones. Cold maceration also took 14 days for complete bone recovery, however, the bones turned whitish, producing a strong putrid smell with no cracks on the bones observed. Chemical method using 3 concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (2%, 3% and 5%) took approximately 10 hours, 8 hours and 4 hours respectively for complete cream coloured bone recovery with no odour but cracks were conspicuous on the bones with increasing concentration of sodium hydroxide. Use of insect larvae took approximately 4 months to produce non-uniform brown-coloured bones articulated via the ligaments having an unpleasant odour with no cracks. Considering the pros and cons of the effects associated with each method, this study concludes that the use of insect larvae was most suitable for a non-urgent bone recovery while the use of NaOH at 3% concentration was suitable for urgent bone recovery of the helmeted guinea fowl.
{"title":"Effects of four different methods of skeletal processing on the guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis).","authors":"K. T. Onwuama, T. A. Ojodare, E. S. Kigir, A. Z. Jaji, S. O. Salami","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The process of skeletal processing which involves soft tissues removal, bone cleaning, articulation and labelling is a fundamental step in achieving gross anatomical and archeological studies in museum display of skeletal specimens. It also helps to further highlight the functional anatomy of bones. Several methods of bone preparation have been practiced so as to achieve desired quality bone specimens in the shortest possible time with limited resources. To this end, this study was carried out on 16 (8 males and 8 females) helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis) a representative of the avian species using four different bone preparation methods (Burial, cold maceration, chemical and insect larvae) at 31ºc to determine the most suitable in this species. Dissection to remove feathers, skin and internal organs was performed prior to each method. Burial in soil took 14 days for complete bone recovery, turned the bones uniformly light brown while producing an indelible putrefying smell with no evidence of cracks on the bones. Cold maceration also took 14 days for complete bone recovery, however, the bones turned whitish, producing a strong putrid smell with no cracks on the bones observed. Chemical method using 3 concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (2%, 3% and 5%) took approximately 10 hours, 8 hours and 4 hours respectively for complete cream coloured bone recovery with no odour but cracks were conspicuous on the bones with increasing concentration of sodium hydroxide. Use of insect larvae took approximately 4 months to produce non-uniform brown-coloured bones articulated via the ligaments having an unpleasant odour with no cracks. Considering the pros and cons of the effects associated with each method, this study concludes that the use of insect larvae was most suitable for a non-urgent bone recovery while the use of NaOH at 3% concentration was suitable for urgent bone recovery of the helmeted guinea fowl.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"22 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89344692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was aimed at understanding the nature and pattern of serum lactate, cardiac troponin I changes associated with acute Trypanosoma brucei infection of dogs. It also seeks to investigate the usefulness of these biomarkers in monitoring disease progression and predicting mortality. Twenty healthy adult dogs of both sexes were used for the study. All the dogs were intra-peritoneally inoculated with 1ml of phosphate buffered saline diluted blood containing 1x106 of Lafenwa strain of T. brucei. The serum lactate, cardiac troponin I, potassium, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate were monitored before and at 16 and 24 days after infection. There was a progressive increase in serum values of lactate, cardiac troponin I and potassium at various days after infection. A significant association was found between lactate and heart rate, chloride and heart rate, potassium and cardiac troponin I. This result has shown that there could be myocardial damage due to hypoxia of anemia and hypo-perfusion in canine African trypanosomiasis. The progressive increase in serum lactate and cardiac troponin I could help in predicting severity and outcome of Canine African Trypanosomiasis. The Lactic acidosis may increase ventilation drive and consequently the heart rates of infected dogs.
{"title":"Serum cardiac troponin i and lactate as prognostic markers of Canine African Trypanosomiasis","authors":"S. Ajibola, J. Oyewale, B. Oke","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed at understanding the nature and pattern of serum lactate, cardiac troponin I changes associated with acute Trypanosoma brucei infection of dogs. It also seeks to investigate the usefulness of these biomarkers in monitoring disease progression and predicting mortality. Twenty healthy adult dogs of both sexes were used for the study. All the dogs were intra-peritoneally inoculated with 1ml of phosphate buffered saline diluted blood containing 1x106 of Lafenwa strain of T. brucei. The serum lactate, cardiac troponin I, potassium, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate were monitored before and at 16 and 24 days after infection. There was a progressive increase in serum values of lactate, cardiac troponin I and potassium at various days after infection. A significant association was found between lactate and heart rate, chloride and heart rate, potassium and cardiac troponin I. This result has shown that there could be myocardial damage due to hypoxia of anemia and hypo-perfusion in canine African trypanosomiasis. The progressive increase in serum lactate and cardiac troponin I could help in predicting severity and outcome of Canine African Trypanosomiasis. The Lactic acidosis may increase ventilation drive and consequently the heart rates of infected dogs.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Wungak, S. Danbirni, P. Luka, Y. Lekko, H. Ularamu
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two Local Government Areas of Taraba State between the months of March to June, 2007, to asses the serological evidence of African Swine fever (ASF) virus antibodies in free range pig population. Extensive herds of pigs were targeted for this study, and a convenient sampling technique was employed based on the availability of pigs population as well as farmer’s willingness to allow their animals to be bled. A total of 304 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy pigs. Sera were tested using Blocking Enzyme linked Immuno Assay (B-ELISA).There was an overall seroprevalence of 48.7% (95% CI: 43.09- 54.3). Seroprevalence based on different locations showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of ASF 61% (95% CI: 54.9-66.9) in Wukari LGA than 26% (95% CI: 15.3-39.4) in Karin Lamido LGA. Seropositivity based on sex revealed a higher seroprevalence in females 50.4% (95 %:( CI 44.3-56.5), than in males 40% (95%: CI 27.2-54.0). This study has shown that ASF is enzootic in free-range pig population in Taraba State which entails a potential danger to pig production with its attendance negative impact on food security and means of livelihood. We recommend an ASFV ecological study to unravel the factors responsible for continues circulation and maintenance of the virus in Nigerian pig population.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of African swine fever in free range pigs In Taraba State, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Wungak, S. Danbirni, P. Luka, Y. Lekko, H. Ularamu","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.1","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two Local Government Areas of Taraba State between the months of March to June, 2007, to asses the serological evidence of African Swine fever (ASF) virus antibodies in free range pig population. Extensive herds of pigs were targeted for this study, and a convenient sampling technique was employed based on the availability of pigs population as well as farmer’s willingness to allow their animals to be bled. A total of 304 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy pigs. Sera were tested using Blocking Enzyme linked Immuno Assay (B-ELISA).There was an overall seroprevalence of 48.7% (95% CI: 43.09- 54.3). Seroprevalence based on different locations showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of ASF 61% (95% CI: 54.9-66.9) in Wukari LGA than 26% (95% CI: 15.3-39.4) in Karin Lamido LGA. Seropositivity based on sex revealed a higher seroprevalence in females 50.4% (95 %:( CI 44.3-56.5), than in males 40% (95%: CI 27.2-54.0). This study has shown that ASF is enzootic in free-range pig population in Taraba State which entails a potential danger to pig production with its attendance negative impact on food security and means of livelihood. We recommend an ASFV ecological study to unravel the factors responsible for continues circulation and maintenance of the virus in Nigerian pig population.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83474703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae easily takes advantage of compromised immune status to induce pathologies on their hosts. This study investigated pulmonary pathomorphologies associated with experimental co-infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Trypanosoma brucei in West African Dwarf goats. Fifteen clinically healthy male goats of about six months of age were used in this study. They were randomly assigned into five groups of three each. Group I was the uninfected/negative control; Group II was infected with K. pneumoniae only as positive control I; Group III with T. brucei followed by acute K. pneumoniae infection at day 7 post T. brucei infection; Group IV with T. brucei followed by sub-acute K. pneumoniae at day 14 post T. brucei and Group V with T. brucei only, as positive control II. Throughout the study period, K. pneumoniae was only re-isolated from goats in Grp IV. Grossly, no lesions were observed in the lungs of goats in Grp II, while lungs of goats in Grp III showed mild consolidation in the cardiac lobes. Lungs of Grp IV goats showed multifocal abscessation and red hepatisation, and Grp V had widespread hyperaemia in all lobes. The histology showed mild intra-alveolar exudations and alveolar collapse in Grp II, mild to moderate cellular infiltrations and sero-fibrinous exudations in Grp III, and severe bronchopneumonia with fibrino-purulent exudations in Grp IV. Grp V had generalised oedema and hyperaemia. This study has shown that Trypanosoma brucei immunosuppresses infected goats, making them vulnerable to pneumopathies from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
{"title":"Pathologic Changes in Lung Morphology in Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae and Trypanosoma brucei co-Infection in West African Dwarf","authors":"I. Unamba-Oparah, S. Shoyinka, C. Ozioko","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae easily takes advantage of compromised immune status to induce pathologies on their hosts. This study investigated pulmonary pathomorphologies associated with experimental co-infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Trypanosoma brucei in West African Dwarf goats. Fifteen clinically healthy male goats of about six months of age were used in this study. They were randomly assigned into five groups of three each. Group I was the uninfected/negative control; Group II was infected with K. pneumoniae only as positive control I; Group III with T. brucei followed by acute K. pneumoniae infection at day 7 post T. brucei infection; Group IV with T. brucei followed by sub-acute K. pneumoniae at day 14 post T. brucei and Group V with T. brucei only, as positive control II. Throughout the study period, K. pneumoniae was only re-isolated from goats in Grp IV. Grossly, no lesions were observed in the lungs of goats in Grp II, while lungs of goats in Grp III showed mild consolidation in the cardiac lobes. Lungs of Grp IV goats showed multifocal abscessation and red hepatisation, and Grp V had widespread hyperaemia in all lobes. The histology showed mild intra-alveolar exudations and alveolar collapse in Grp II, mild to moderate cellular infiltrations and sero-fibrinous exudations in Grp III, and severe bronchopneumonia with fibrino-purulent exudations in Grp IV. Grp V had generalised oedema and hyperaemia. This study has shown that Trypanosoma brucei immunosuppresses infected goats, making them vulnerable to pneumopathies from Klebsiella pneumoniae.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73839671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Y. Baba, S. Saidu, B. Y. Kaltungo, U. Salisu, M. Babashani, H. Buhari
A study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of grooms towards brucellosis in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 40 horse owners and grooms’ men in three Local Government Areas (LGAs); Sabon Gari, Zaria and Igabi; of Kaduna State, Nigeria to access knowledge, attitude and practices towards brucellosis in horses. Results from structured questionnaire showed only 37.50% (95% CI) of the respondents were aware of brucellosis, of this 22.50% (95% CI) ascribed their sources of information on the disease to be the media, 10.00% (95% CI) from experienced grooms while 5.00% (95% CI) said they heard of the disease from professionals who attended to the veterinary care of their horses. Of the respondents, only 15.00% (95% CI) were aware that brucellosis is zoonotic and mentioned that it could be contracted via ingestion of contaminated material (12.50%) and contact (2.50%). On attitude of respondents towards brucellosis, 15.00% (95% CI) reported lending out their stallions for breeding to other stables. Only 2.50% (95% CI) did not borrow stallions for breeding because they considered brucellosis and trichomoniasis as reproductive diseases that could result from the use infected stallions. The study also reported 52.50% (95% CI) and 40.00% (95% CI) of the respondents were in the habit of lending and borrowing out grooming tools respectively. They lend and borrow out tool despite mentioning that such acts are capable of leading to diseases such as ulcerative lymphangitis (95.00%), ringworm (72.50%), dermatophilosis (5.00%) and thrush (7.50%). 67.50% (95% CI) of respondents mentioned that they participated in durbars and other tournaments with their horses and reported such participation could result in diseases like ulcerative lymphangitis (25.00%) and wounds (27.50%). 50.00% (95% CI) of the respondents grazed their horses where other animals grazed and reported that even where there were reports of abortions by such animals their horses did not come down with brucellosis. All the respondents reported giving their horses’ routine veterinary medical care, especially against babesiosis. The implication of this finding is that Brucella organisms may be spread among horse handlers and the grooms due to inadequate knowledge on brucellosis. The findings revealed poor knowledge attitude and practices towards brucellosis on the part of horse handlers and grooms. It was concluded that there is a need to create awareness amongst groomsmen and horse owners on the presence of brucellosis in horses as well as the dangers of zoonotic infection.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Horse Handlers and Grooms Towards Brucellosis in Horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Y. Baba, S. Saidu, B. Y. Kaltungo, U. Salisu, M. Babashani, H. Buhari","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of grooms towards brucellosis in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 40 horse owners and grooms’ men in three Local Government Areas (LGAs); Sabon Gari, Zaria and Igabi; of Kaduna State, Nigeria to access knowledge, attitude and practices towards brucellosis in horses. Results from structured questionnaire showed only 37.50% (95% CI) of the respondents were aware of brucellosis, of this 22.50% (95% CI) ascribed their sources of information on the disease to be the media, 10.00% (95% CI) from experienced grooms while 5.00% (95% CI) said they heard of the disease from professionals who attended to the veterinary care of their horses. Of the respondents, only 15.00% (95% CI) were aware that brucellosis is zoonotic and mentioned that it could be contracted via ingestion of contaminated material (12.50%) and contact (2.50%). On attitude of respondents towards brucellosis, 15.00% (95% CI) reported lending out their stallions for breeding to other stables. Only 2.50% (95% CI) did not borrow stallions for breeding because they considered brucellosis and trichomoniasis as reproductive diseases that could result from the use infected stallions. The study also reported 52.50% (95% CI) and 40.00% (95% CI) of the respondents were in the habit of lending and borrowing out grooming tools respectively. They lend and borrow out tool despite mentioning that such acts are capable of leading to diseases such as ulcerative lymphangitis (95.00%), ringworm (72.50%), dermatophilosis (5.00%) and thrush (7.50%). 67.50% (95% CI) of respondents mentioned that they participated in durbars and other tournaments with their horses and reported such participation could result in diseases like ulcerative lymphangitis (25.00%) and wounds (27.50%). 50.00% (95% CI) of the respondents grazed their horses where other animals grazed and reported that even where there were reports of abortions by such animals their horses did not come down with brucellosis. All the respondents reported giving their horses’ routine veterinary medical care, especially against babesiosis. The implication of this finding is that Brucella organisms may be spread among horse handlers and the grooms due to inadequate knowledge on brucellosis. The findings revealed poor knowledge attitude and practices towards brucellosis on the part of horse handlers and grooms. It was concluded that there is a need to create awareness amongst groomsmen and horse owners on the presence of brucellosis in horses as well as the dangers of zoonotic infection.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"51 Pt 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anacardium occidentale is a plant known for its vast medicinal properties and has been used in Nigeria for the treatment of several ailments. However, little is known about its effects on fertility in animals. This study was designed to assess the fertility effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale in the West African Dwarf breeding bucks. Sixteen West African Dwarf bucks were assigned into 2 groups A and B (n=8). Group A received a daily oral dose of 250mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale for 14 days, while B served as the control. Blood and semen sample, as well as testes and epididymis were harvested from the bucks at days 7 and 14 post-treatment. Administration of aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale caused a significant decrease in RBC count, total protein and albumin level, semen volume and sperm motility. It also caused a reduction in the total number of morphologically abnormal sperm cells and a mild reduction in scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal weight and diameter. It caused an increase in the size of the epididymal and testicular germinal luminal diameter and a decrease in epididymal and testicular germinal height. These suggested that its prolonged use in West African Dwarf breeding bucks may produce anti-fertility effect. Therefore, its incorporation into animal feeds must be done with caution.
{"title":"Fertility Effects of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew Leaves) in the West African Dwarf Bucks","authors":"O. Ajani, M. Oyeyemi, M.O. Olukowi","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Anacardium occidentale is a plant known for its vast medicinal properties and has been used in Nigeria for the treatment of several ailments. However, little is known about its effects on fertility in animals. This study was designed to assess the fertility effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale in the West African Dwarf breeding bucks. Sixteen West African Dwarf bucks were assigned into 2 groups A and B (n=8). Group A received a daily oral dose of 250mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale for 14 days, while B served as the control. Blood and semen sample, as well as testes and epididymis were harvested from the bucks at days 7 and 14 post-treatment. Administration of aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale caused a significant decrease in RBC count, total protein and albumin level, semen volume and sperm motility. It also caused a reduction in the total number of morphologically abnormal sperm cells and a mild reduction in scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal weight and diameter. It caused an increase in the size of the epididymal and testicular germinal luminal diameter and a decrease in epididymal and testicular germinal height. These suggested that its prolonged use in West African Dwarf breeding bucks may produce anti-fertility effect. Therefore, its incorporation into animal feeds must be done with caution.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1992 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89025161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Testing for coliforms has a long history in dairy production, and has helped to identify the unsanitary condition of unpasteurized and pasteurized milk products. The study was performed to evaluate the level of coliform bacterial contamination in raw cow milk and milk products (kindirmo, mai-shanu, and nono). A total of 426 samples comprising 106 raw milk, 106 kindirmo, 106 mai-shanu and 108 nono were obtained from four selected Fulani herds (Damari, Marwa, Tudun-Muntsira, and Wuciciri) and four milk markets (Kasuwan-Mata, Kwangila, Samaru and Tudun-Wada) in Zaria Metropolis, all samples were tested using the bacteriological method. Coliform counts were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Tukey package and recorded as mean coliform counts (CFU/ML). The overall mean coliform counts for the milk products (raw milk, kindirmo, mai-shanu, and nono) were 98.88 ± 7.68 x 108 CFU/ML, 60.19 ± 5.49 x 108 CFU/ML, 60.36 ± 5.50 x 108 CFU/ML and 73.5 ± 7.09 x 108 CFU/ML respectively. The mean coliform counts for raw milk were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from the three products (kindirmo, mai-shanu and nono). The study revealed heavy coliform bacterial load, ranging between 60.19 ± 5.49 x 108 CFU/ML and 98.88 ± 7.68 x 108 CFU/ML. This study calls for educating farmers and milk retailers at different levels level of production on the hygienic way of handling milk along the value chain to minimize unnecessary contamination of milk and milk products which can be of public health significance.
{"title":"Evaluation of Total Coliform Counts in Non-Fermented and Fermented Cow Milk Products (Kindirmo, Mai-Shanu and Nono) in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"L. L. Chagwa, J. Kwaga, P. Mamman","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Testing for coliforms has a long history in dairy production, and has helped to identify the unsanitary condition of unpasteurized and pasteurized milk products. The study was performed to evaluate the level of coliform bacterial contamination in raw cow milk and milk products (kindirmo, mai-shanu, and nono). A total of 426 samples comprising 106 raw milk, 106 kindirmo, 106 mai-shanu and 108 nono were obtained from four selected Fulani herds (Damari, Marwa, Tudun-Muntsira, and Wuciciri) and four milk markets (Kasuwan-Mata, Kwangila, Samaru and Tudun-Wada) in Zaria Metropolis, all samples were tested using the bacteriological method. Coliform counts were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Tukey package and recorded as mean coliform counts (CFU/ML). The overall mean coliform counts for the milk products (raw milk, kindirmo, mai-shanu, and nono) were 98.88 ± 7.68 x 108 CFU/ML, 60.19 ± 5.49 x 108 CFU/ML, 60.36 ± 5.50 x 108 CFU/ML and 73.5 ± 7.09 x 108 CFU/ML respectively. The mean coliform counts for raw milk were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from the three products (kindirmo, mai-shanu and nono). The study revealed heavy coliform bacterial load, ranging between 60.19 ± 5.49 x 108 CFU/ML and 98.88 ± 7.68 x 108 CFU/ML. This study calls for educating farmers and milk retailers at different levels level of production on the hygienic way of handling milk along the value chain to minimize unnecessary contamination of milk and milk products which can be of public health significance.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89987124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) also called Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), are food borne organisms which cause fatal disease in human. The bacteria are frequently found in cattle gastrointestinal tract with high potential of contaminating animal products such as milk, meat, and cheese. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of VTEC and to detect the presence of stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes in raw and fermented milk sold within sokoto metropolis.Milk samples were analysed using bacterial culture, biochemical test and PCR for molecular identification. Bacteriological culture and biochemical characterization produced Escherichia coli with detection rate 0f 16.0% (38/238). Molecular identification of isolates by Polymerase chain reaction revealed 47.4% (18/38) detection rate of VTEC. The total prevalence of VTEC in the study was 7.6% (18/238), with proportion of raw and fermented milk were 12.5% (13/104) and 3.7% (5/134). There was no association (P≥ 0.05) between VTEC and different milk types. Amplification of isolate by mPCR using specific primers stx1, stx2, and eaeA gene confirmed that (94.4% (17) harboured stx2 and 1 (5.6%) harboured stx1 and eaeA genes.The study established prevalence of VTEC in raw and fermented milk consumed within sokoto metropolis, and presence of stx1, stx2 and eaeA gene. These findings indicate potential faecal contamination of the milk with VTEC in raw and fermented milk. Veterinary services in the state should educate farmers on the importance of farm hygiene and enlighten the Hausa/Fulani nomad and public on the danger associated with the consumption of contaminated milk.
{"title":"Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli in Raw and Fermented (Nono) Milk in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria.","authors":"A. Shagari, M. Bello, M. K. Lawan","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) also called Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), are food borne organisms which cause fatal disease in human. The bacteria are frequently found in cattle gastrointestinal tract with high potential of contaminating animal products such as milk, meat, and cheese. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of VTEC and to detect the presence of stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes in raw and fermented milk sold within sokoto metropolis.Milk samples were analysed using bacterial culture, biochemical test and PCR for molecular identification. Bacteriological culture and biochemical characterization produced Escherichia coli with detection rate 0f 16.0% (38/238). Molecular identification of isolates by Polymerase chain reaction revealed 47.4% (18/38) detection rate of VTEC. The total prevalence of VTEC in the study was 7.6% (18/238), with proportion of raw and fermented milk were 12.5% (13/104) and 3.7% (5/134). There was no association (P≥ 0.05) between VTEC and different milk types. Amplification of isolate by mPCR using specific primers stx1, stx2, and eaeA gene confirmed that (94.4% (17) harboured stx2 and 1 (5.6%) harboured stx1 and eaeA genes.The study established prevalence of VTEC in raw and fermented milk consumed within sokoto metropolis, and presence of stx1, stx2 and eaeA gene. These findings indicate potential faecal contamination of the milk with VTEC in raw and fermented milk. Veterinary services in the state should educate farmers on the importance of farm hygiene and enlighten the Hausa/Fulani nomad and public on the danger associated with the consumption of contaminated milk.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84919605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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