{"title":"Land marks and quantity of 2% lidocaine for thoracolumbar paravertebral nerve block in west African dwarf goats (Capra hircus)","authors":"T. O. Nev, A. Kisani, O. Byanet, A. Elsa","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82469321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A West African dwarf goat was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria with the primary complaint of swollen abdomen and straining. Upon examination, the abdomen was observed to be enlarged and a fetus can be felt on abdominal ballottement. Presence of hernia ring was confirmed on the caudal ventral abdominal area before the umblicus. Caesarean section and consequent herniorrhaphy was adopted to correct thehernia. Three kid goats were delivered, and the animal survived uneventfully.
{"title":"Dystocia induced by ventral abdominal hernia in a peripaturient goat: A case report","authors":"D.C. Duhu, A. C. Eze, N. Ugwu","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"A West African dwarf goat was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria with the primary complaint of swollen abdomen and straining. Upon examination, the abdomen was observed to be enlarged and a fetus can be felt on abdominal ballottement. Presence of hernia ring was confirmed on the caudal ventral abdominal area before the umblicus. Caesarean section and consequent herniorrhaphy was adopted to correct thehernia. Three kid goats were delivered, and the animal survived uneventfully.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81965223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cuteneous and diphtheritic forms of avian pox infections in a juvenile ostrich","authors":"M. Waziri, L. Saidu","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89965958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. U. Umeakuana, O. A. Adepoju, M. Takeet, G. Chechet, Lamin B. S. Dibba, R. Ezeokonkwo, B.M. Anene, E. Balogun
Trypanosomosis is becoming a major health challenge to dogs in the sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria, but minimal reports are available on the molecular characteristic of trypanosomes infecting dogs in Nigeria. We characterized trypanosomes detected in naturally infected dogs by PCR and sequences analysis of the partial region of the trypanosomes internal transcribed spacer-1of ribosomal RNA (ITS1 rRNA). Animals presented to the University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UNVTH) in Nsukka, Nigeria for examination and treatment were sampled for laboratory tests. DNA was extracted from 21 blood samples obtained from dogs that were confirmed positive for trypanosome infection by microscopy. ITS-1 was PCR amplified and sequenced bi-directionally. Sixteen samples have good bands, though one of them had unreadable sequence. Analyses of the sequence data by BLAST search on NCBI identified T. congolense, T. brucei gambiense, and T. evansi in 4.8, 4.8, and 91.4%, respectively, from the analysed samples from the infected dogs. Although the top BLAST hits for T. brucei group were due to T. evansi and T. b. gambiense, there is not enough discriminatory power in ITS-1 to distinguish subspecies. The aligned sequences of the trypanozoon were less polymorphic. Phylogenetic trees inferred by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithms separated trypanozoon group from the T. congolense into two distinct clades. In conclusion, this study suggests that the trypanozoon group of trypanosomes cause more canine trypanosomosis in the study area and suggests inclusion of dogs in strategic planning for control and eradication of trypanosomosis in sub-Sahara African countries.
锥虫病正在成为包括尼日利亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲地区犬类面临的主要健康挑战，但关于尼日利亚感染犬类的锥虫分子特征的报告很少。我们通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)和对锥虫核糖体RNA (ITS1 rRNA)内部转录间隔-1部分区域的序列分析，对自然感染犬中检测到的锥虫进行了鉴定。赠送给尼日利亚恩苏卡的尼日利亚大学兽医教学医院(UNVTH)进行检查和治疗的动物取样进行实验室检测。从显微镜下确认为锥虫感染阳性的21只狗的血液样本中提取DNA。对ITS-1进行PCR扩增和双向测序。16个样本条带较好，但其中一个条带序列不可读。NCBI上BLAST检索序列数据分析发现，从感染犬的分析样本中，刚果体、布氏冈比亚体和伊文氏体的感染率分别为4.8%、4.8%和91.4%。虽然前爆炸冲击t brucei组由于t . evansi和t . b . gambiense没有足够的歧视性权力区分亚种1。锥虫的排列序列多态性较小。采用UPGMA算法推导的系统发育树将锥虫类群与刚果锥虫类群划分为两个不同的支系。总之，本研究表明，在研究地区，锥虫的锥虫群导致更多的犬锥虫病，并建议将犬纳入撒哈拉以南非洲国家控制和根除锥虫病的战略规划中。
{"title":"Molecular identification of trypanosoma species infecting dogs in nigeria by analysis of partial internal transcribed spacer-1 of RRNA gene","authors":"P. U. Umeakuana, O. A. Adepoju, M. Takeet, G. Chechet, Lamin B. S. Dibba, R. Ezeokonkwo, B.M. Anene, E. Balogun","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Trypanosomosis is becoming a major health challenge to dogs in the sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria, but minimal reports are available on the molecular characteristic of trypanosomes infecting dogs in Nigeria. We characterized trypanosomes detected in naturally infected dogs by PCR and sequences analysis of the partial region of the trypanosomes internal transcribed spacer-1of ribosomal RNA (ITS1 rRNA). Animals presented to the University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UNVTH) in Nsukka, Nigeria for examination and treatment were sampled for laboratory tests. DNA was extracted from 21 blood samples obtained from dogs that were confirmed positive for trypanosome infection by microscopy. ITS-1 was PCR amplified and sequenced bi-directionally. Sixteen samples have good bands, though one of them had unreadable sequence. Analyses of the sequence data by BLAST search on NCBI identified T. congolense, T. brucei gambiense, and T. evansi in 4.8, 4.8, and 91.4%, respectively, from the analysed samples from the infected dogs. Although the top BLAST hits for T. brucei group were due to T. evansi and T. b. gambiense, there is not enough discriminatory power in ITS-1 to distinguish subspecies. The aligned sequences of the trypanozoon were less polymorphic. Phylogenetic trees inferred by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithms separated trypanozoon group from the T. congolense into two distinct clades. In conclusion, this study suggests that the trypanozoon group of trypanosomes cause more canine trypanosomosis in the study area and suggests inclusion of dogs in strategic planning for control and eradication of trypanosomosis in sub-Sahara African countries. ","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. B. Oke, A. Nwannenna, E. K. Bawa, P. Dawuda, Rahilah Hassan
This study was carried out to determine the effect of repeated injections of cloprostenol sodium during the early luteal phase on luteolytic capacity and hormonal changes of Large white x Pietrain in Otukpo. A total of ten (n = 10) oestrus Large white x Pietrain sows were randomly divided into two groups. experiment and a control. Group I (n = 5) no synchronizing agent was administered Group II (n = 5) received 6 doses of 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium at days 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the oestrous cycle and was monitored for natural oestrus twice daily from 0700 – 1000 and 1500 – 1800h. The fertility parameters determined in this study were: Time to onset of oestrus (TOO), duration of oestrus (DOO), total litter size (TLS), total born alive (TBA) average body weight (Av. BW). Five (5) milliliters of blood was collected via the posterior vena cava before PGF2α injections on at day 1 and 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and every other day afterwards till next observed oestrus. The extracted serum from the collected blood was assayed using competitive ELISA for Oestradiol (E2) progesterone (P4) concentrations. Variables such as TOO, DOO, TLS, TBA, Av. BW and data on E2 and P4 profile were expressed as mean ± SEM. Student ttest and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to compare the percentages and mean values between the groups. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results TOO was 484.80 ± 13.99 h, and 484.80 ± 15.92 h; DOO was 86.40 ± 5.88 h and 76.80 ± 4.80 h; TLS was 10.00 ± 0.84 and 10.20 ± 0.66; TBA was 10.00 ± 0.84 and 10.00 ± 0.55 and Av. BW was 1.26 ± 0.09 kg and 1.06 ± 0.05 kg in groups I and II respectively. However, the fertility parameters showed no statistically (P ≤ 0.05) significant differences between the control and the treated groups. The serum E2 concentrations of the samples collected from the first day which is the first day oestrus, fifth day which is the first day of cloprostenol sodium (PGF2α) to 23rd day
{"title":"Effects of repeated injections of cloprostenol sodium during the early luteal phase on luteolysis and hormonal changes in Large White X Pietrain sows in Otukpo, Nigeria","authors":"E. B. Oke, A. Nwannenna, E. K. Bawa, P. Dawuda, Rahilah Hassan","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the effect of repeated injections of cloprostenol sodium during the early luteal phase on luteolytic capacity and hormonal changes of Large white x Pietrain in Otukpo. A total of ten (n = 10) oestrus Large white x Pietrain sows were randomly divided into two groups. experiment and a control. Group I (n = 5) no synchronizing agent was administered Group II (n = 5) received 6 doses of 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium at days 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the oestrous cycle and was monitored for natural oestrus twice daily from 0700 – 1000 and 1500 – 1800h. The fertility parameters determined in this study were: Time to onset of oestrus (TOO), duration of oestrus (DOO), total litter size (TLS), total born alive (TBA) average body weight (Av. BW). Five (5) milliliters of blood was collected via the posterior vena cava before PGF2α injections on at day 1 and 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and every other day afterwards till next observed oestrus. The extracted serum from the collected blood was assayed using competitive ELISA for Oestradiol (E2) progesterone (P4) concentrations. Variables such as TOO, DOO, TLS, TBA, Av. BW and data on E2 and P4 profile were expressed as mean ± SEM. Student ttest and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to compare the percentages and mean values between the groups. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results TOO was 484.80 ± 13.99 h, and 484.80 ± 15.92 h; DOO was 86.40 ± 5.88 h and 76.80 ± 4.80 h; TLS was 10.00 ± 0.84 and 10.20 ± 0.66; TBA was 10.00 ± 0.84 and 10.00 ± 0.55 and Av. BW was 1.26 ± 0.09 kg and 1.06 ± 0.05 kg in groups I and II respectively. However, the fertility parameters showed no statistically (P ≤ 0.05) significant differences between the control and the treated groups. The serum E2 concentrations of the samples collected from the first day which is the first day oestrus, fifth day which is the first day of cloprostenol sodium (PGF2α) to 23rd day ","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76340627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar, A. Obalowu, A. Aliyu, O. Jimoh, B. Owoyele
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease with over half of all people older than 65 years demonstrating radiographic changes of osteoarthritis in the knees. Honey is known to contain bioactive compounds that exert chondroprotective effects by counteracting the homeostatic dysregulation of the joint. However, its effect on the radiographic features of osteoarthritis has not been proven. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of honey on radiographic features of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)- induced knee osteoarthritis in female Wistar rats. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Animals in group one were healthy (control) rats, while animals in groups two to five were subjected to experimental osteoarthritis of the right knee joint induced by a single intra-articular injection of 1mg of MIA. The animals in groups two, three, four, and five were treated with normal saline (1ml/kg b. w.), arthocare (glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate 6.67/8.33mg/kg b. w.), low dose honey (250mg/kg b. w.) and high dose honey (1,000mg/kg b. w.) respectively. All treatments were administered orally once daily using an oral cannula for twenty-one days. All animals were subjected to radiographic assessment of the right knee joint before and after induction of OA, and after treatment. High and low-dose honey reversed the loss of joint space; sclerosis of the tibial plateau, medial, and lateral femoral condyles, when compared to the arthocare-treated and untreated groups. In conclusion, honey improved radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis in a rat model induced by monosodium iodoacetate.
{"title":"Honey improves radiographic features of monosodium iodoacetate-induced stifle (knee) joint osteoarthritis in a rat model","authors":"H. Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar, A. Obalowu, A. Aliyu, O. Jimoh, B. Owoyele","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease with over half of all people older than 65 years demonstrating radiographic changes of osteoarthritis in the knees. Honey is known to contain bioactive compounds that exert chondroprotective effects by counteracting the homeostatic dysregulation of the joint. However, its effect on the radiographic features of osteoarthritis has not been proven. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of honey on radiographic features of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)- induced knee osteoarthritis in female Wistar rats. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Animals in group one were healthy (control) rats, while animals in groups two to five were subjected to experimental osteoarthritis of the right knee joint induced by a single intra-articular injection of 1mg of MIA. The animals in groups two, three, four, and five were treated with normal saline (1ml/kg b. w.), arthocare (glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate 6.67/8.33mg/kg b. w.), low dose honey (250mg/kg b. w.) and high dose honey (1,000mg/kg b. w.) respectively. All treatments were administered orally once daily using an oral cannula for twenty-one days. All animals were subjected to radiographic assessment of the right knee joint before and after induction of OA, and after treatment. High and low-dose honey reversed the loss of joint space; sclerosis of the tibial plateau, medial, and lateral femoral condyles, when compared to the arthocare-treated and untreated groups. In conclusion, honey improved radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis in a rat model induced by monosodium iodoacetate. ","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91105659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a natural inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals. Several strains exist some are harmless while some are pathogenic causing various fatal conditions in both humans and animals. To characterize and determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolated from liver, spleen and intestine of donkeys slaughtered in Maraban Idah, Kaduna State, Nigeria, a total of 384 samples were collected from 128 donkeys from April to August 2018. The samples were processed using standard methods of cultural enrichment, growth on selective media, biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility test. The overall isolation rate was 5.2% with organ distribution of 4.7%. 4.7% and 6.3% for intestine, liver and spleen, respectively. Escherichia coli was slightly higher in the spleen than in the liver and intestine though there was no significant association (p = 0.810) between the presence of E. coli and the organs sampled. Most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (90%), enrofloxacin (80%) and colistin (70%) while some were highly resistant to common antibiotics such as penicillin (95%), oxytetracycline (90%) and amoxycilline (75%). Most of the isolates (75%) displayed resistance to two (2) different classes of antimicrobials with a total of 5 resistance patterns. Therefore, there is a need for education and public awareness regarding hygienic processing and consumption of offals of slaughtered donkeys. Also, further studies should be done to ascertain the genes responsible for resistance toantimicrobials observed in the E. coli isolates from the slaughtered donkeys.
{"title":"Characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from selected internal organs of donkeys slaughtered in abattoirs in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Esonu, C. Kwanashie, P. Mamman, D. Esonu","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v43i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v43i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a natural inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals. Several strains exist some are harmless while some are pathogenic causing various fatal conditions in both humans and animals. To characterize and determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolated from liver, spleen and intestine of donkeys slaughtered in Maraban Idah, Kaduna State, Nigeria, a total of 384 samples were collected from 128 donkeys from April to August 2018. The samples were processed using standard methods of cultural enrichment, growth on selective media, biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility test. The overall isolation rate was 5.2% with organ distribution of 4.7%. 4.7% and 6.3% for intestine, liver and spleen, respectively. Escherichia coli was slightly higher in the spleen than in the liver and intestine though there was no significant association (p = 0.810) between the presence of E. coli and the organs sampled. Most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (90%), enrofloxacin (80%) and colistin (70%) while some were highly resistant to common antibiotics such as penicillin (95%), oxytetracycline (90%) and amoxycilline (75%). Most of the isolates (75%) displayed resistance to two (2) different classes of antimicrobials with a total of 5 resistance patterns. Therefore, there is a need for education and public awareness regarding hygienic processing and consumption of offals of slaughtered donkeys. Also, further studies should be done to ascertain the genes responsible for resistance toantimicrobials observed in the E. coli isolates from the slaughtered donkeys.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83813124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many medicinal plants possess antioxidant properties. Antioxidant potentials of Cynodon dactylon and its haematological effects on Wistar rats was evaluated. In vitro radical scavenging activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Sixteen male Wistar rats were grouped into four groups of four rats each. Control group was fed normal rat feed and water, group 1 received 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) extract, group 2 received 200 mg/kg b. w. extract while group 3 received 400 mg/kg b. w. extract respectively for 21 days. Results showed that C. dactylon produced its optimum antioxidant activity against DPPH radical at a concentration of 400 mg/ml. At 100 mg/ml, optimum antioxidant activity was produced using FRAP. There was no significant (p> 0.05) difference in haemoglobin, red blood cell, platelet, white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils concentration when compared to the control group. Antioxidant activity of the plant was low compared to that of the ascorbic acid. The observed antioxidant activity of the plant could be as a result of certain antioxidant compounds present in the plant. The extract showed minimal toxicity to haematological parameters at the doses administered.
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant assay of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon and its effect on haematological parameters of rat.","authors":"D. Akachukwu, C. Opara, I.C. Ubiom, C. Ibenne","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Many medicinal plants possess antioxidant properties. Antioxidant potentials of Cynodon dactylon and its haematological effects on Wistar rats was evaluated. In vitro radical scavenging activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Sixteen male Wistar rats were grouped into four groups of four rats each. Control group was fed normal rat feed and water, group 1 received 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) extract, group 2 received 200 mg/kg b. w. extract while group 3 received 400 mg/kg b. w. extract respectively for 21 days. Results showed that C. dactylon produced its optimum antioxidant activity against DPPH radical at a concentration of 400 mg/ml. At 100 mg/ml, optimum antioxidant activity was produced using FRAP. There was no significant (p> 0.05) difference in haemoglobin, red blood cell, platelet, white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils concentration when compared to the control group. Antioxidant activity of the plant was low compared to that of the ascorbic acid. The observed antioxidant activity of the plant could be as a result of certain antioxidant compounds present in the plant. The extract showed minimal toxicity to haematological parameters at the doses administered.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72992380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Markus, J. Adamu, L. Allam, C. Kwanashie, M. Raji, B. Mohammed
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is an important infectious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and a major constraint to cattle production in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was aimed to identify pathological and histopathological lesions identified in cattle tentatively diagnosed with CBPP at Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State. A total of 9,750 cattle were examined at post-mortem for a period of six months, 110 (1.13%) had lesions suggestive of CBPP out of which seventeen (17) were randomly selected and processed for histopathology based on standard laboratory protocols. Based on sex, CBPP lesion was observed more in female 63 (1.06%) than in the male 47 (1.24%). Whereas, CBPP lesions was observed highest in White Fulani breed 68 (1.14%) followed by Cross breeds 23 (91.16%) and Sokoto Gudali 19 (1.74%) and lowest in Red Bororo 10 (1.36%). There was insignificant statistical association (P>0.05) between CBPP lesions and sex and breed of cattle sampled. Age distribution of CBPP lesion was observed higher in cattle between ages of 4-7 years 79 (1.16%), followed by cattle of 1-3 years 28 (1.15%) and least in cattle less than 1 year 3 (0.60%) with significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between the age groups. Histopathology lesions observed include severe congestion of pulmonary blood vessel in all the lung tissues and fibrin exudation into inter-alveolar spaces with almost all the alveoli collapsed. The bronchiolar epithelium was observed to be thickened, hyperplastic and folded, with a considerable quantity of edematous fluid and numerous inflammatory cells seen in the lumen. In conclusion, this study had demonstrated the presence of CBPP lesions in cattle in the study area. Therefore, serological screening of all cattle, stamping out policies and aggressive annual vaccination campaigns are thus recommended in the study area.
{"title":"Epidemiological and pathological screening of suspected cases of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State Nigeria","authors":"I. Markus, J. Adamu, L. Allam, C. Kwanashie, M. Raji, B. Mohammed","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is an important infectious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and a major constraint to cattle production in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was aimed to identify pathological and histopathological lesions identified in cattle tentatively diagnosed with CBPP at Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State. A total of 9,750 cattle were examined at post-mortem for a period of six months, 110 (1.13%) had lesions suggestive of CBPP out of which seventeen (17) were randomly selected and processed for histopathology based on standard laboratory protocols. Based on sex, CBPP lesion was observed more in female 63 (1.06%) than in the male 47 (1.24%). Whereas, CBPP lesions was observed highest in White Fulani breed 68 (1.14%) followed by Cross breeds 23 (91.16%) and Sokoto Gudali 19 (1.74%) and lowest in Red Bororo 10 (1.36%). There was insignificant statistical association (P>0.05) between CBPP lesions and sex and breed of cattle sampled. Age distribution of CBPP lesion was observed higher in cattle between ages of 4-7 years 79 (1.16%), followed by cattle of 1-3 years 28 (1.15%) and least in cattle less than 1 year 3 (0.60%) with significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between the age groups. Histopathology lesions observed include severe congestion of pulmonary blood vessel in all the lung tissues and fibrin exudation into inter-alveolar spaces with almost all the alveoli collapsed. The bronchiolar epithelium was observed to be thickened, hyperplastic and folded, with a considerable quantity of edematous fluid and numerous inflammatory cells seen in the lumen. In conclusion, this study had demonstrated the presence of CBPP lesions in cattle in the study area. Therefore, serological screening of all cattle, stamping out policies and aggressive annual vaccination campaigns are thus recommended in the study area.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75368019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ajibola, O. Adebayo, S. Abakpa, J. Oyewusi, A. Adeleye, F. Makinde, O. Hassan
A 15 months old male Boerboel, weighing 25kg presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria, with complaint of abdominal distention, emaciation and anorexia was diagnosed of congestive heart failure (CHF) of unknown etiology. At presentation, prominent S- wave voltages in lead II, III electrocardiogram, a positive R-wave in lead AVR and a mean electrical axis of -900 suggestive of right ventricular enlargement were evident. A right atrial enlargement was also suspected due to the presence of a tented P-wave on the electrocardiogram. Digoxin was administered at 0.01 mg/kg orally, once daily to increase cardiac contractility and reduce heart rate; Enalapril given at 0.5 mg/kg orally once daily was to blunt the renin angiotensin aldosterone response, Furosemide at 2mg/kg orally, once daily was administered to increase natriuresis and diuresis. After 2 weeks of medication the dogs exhibited signs of digitalis toxicity such as ventricular premature contraction, ventricular tachycardia. This case is a rare occurrence and has not been reported in our veterinary clinics. The management of CHF with standard dose regime of digitalis requires therapeutic drug monitoring as it could result in breed specific toxicity.
{"title":"A suspected case of digitalis toxicity secondary to therapeutic management of congestive heart failure in a Boerboel dog","authors":"S. Ajibola, O. Adebayo, S. Abakpa, J. Oyewusi, A. Adeleye, F. Makinde, O. Hassan","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v42i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"A 15 months old male Boerboel, weighing 25kg presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria, with complaint of abdominal distention, emaciation and anorexia was diagnosed of congestive heart failure (CHF) of unknown etiology. At presentation, prominent S- wave voltages in lead II, III electrocardiogram, a positive R-wave in lead AVR and a mean electrical axis of -900 suggestive of right ventricular enlargement were evident. A right atrial enlargement was also suspected due to the presence of a tented P-wave on the electrocardiogram. Digoxin was administered at 0.01 mg/kg orally, once daily to increase cardiac contractility and reduce heart rate; Enalapril given at 0.5 mg/kg orally once daily was to blunt the renin angiotensin aldosterone response, Furosemide at 2mg/kg orally, once daily was administered to increase natriuresis and diuresis. After 2 weeks of medication the dogs exhibited signs of digitalis toxicity such as ventricular premature contraction, ventricular tachycardia. This case is a rare occurrence and has not been reported in our veterinary clinics. The management of CHF with standard dose regime of digitalis requires therapeutic drug monitoring as it could result in breed specific toxicity.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88788747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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