C. N. Chinyere, N. Mkpuma, C. Meseko, I. Shittu, E. Okwor, W. Ezema, C. Nwosuh
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious viral disease of birds caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and it has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria. Waterfowls and village poultry in live bird markets (LBM) acts as reservoirs, potentially reintroducing the virus to commercial poultry. This study aims at molecular and serological detection of NDV at live bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross sectional analysis involved 309 pooled cloacal and tracheal swabs over three months were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-qPCR, virus isolation and haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition test (HA &HI). Virus isolation was attempted in 9 to 11 days old specific antibody negative (SAN) embryonated chicken eggs and fifteen samples showed haemagglutination. Subsequent tests confimed nine of these as NDV positive through haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. ConventionalRT-PCR and RT-qPCR further validated five of the nine NDV positive isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of partial F gene nucleotide sequences revealed that all three isolates belonged to class II genotype XIV.2_XIVb. This finding underscores the persistent threat of NDV to local poultry, necessitating comprehensive virological surveillance to understand, isolate and characterize the virus in Nigeria. Therefore, monitoring for emerging lineages and sub-lineages in Nigeria birds is crucial for safeguarding commercial poultry production.
{"title":"Molecular and serological detection of Newcastle disease virus in live-bird markets, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria.","authors":"C. N. Chinyere, N. Mkpuma, C. Meseko, I. Shittu, E. Okwor, W. Ezema, C. Nwosuh","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious viral disease of birds caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and it has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria. Waterfowls and village poultry in live bird markets (LBM) acts as reservoirs, potentially reintroducing the virus to commercial poultry. This study aims at molecular and serological detection of NDV at live bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross sectional analysis involved 309 pooled cloacal and tracheal swabs over three months were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-qPCR, virus isolation and haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition test (HA &HI). Virus isolation was attempted in 9 to 11 days old specific antibody negative (SAN) embryonated chicken eggs and fifteen samples showed haemagglutination. Subsequent tests confimed nine of these as NDV positive through haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. ConventionalRT-PCR and RT-qPCR further validated five of the nine NDV positive isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of partial F gene nucleotide sequences revealed that all three isolates belonged to class II genotype XIV.2_XIVb. This finding underscores the persistent threat of NDV to local poultry, necessitating comprehensive virological surveillance to understand, isolate and characterize the virus in Nigeria. Therefore, monitoring for emerging lineages and sub-lineages in Nigeria birds is crucial for safeguarding commercial poultry production.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139450247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Adebiyi, O. O. Akinniyi, O. Banwo, B. Ogunro, O. O. Alaka, O. T. Jeremiah
Gastric rupture is a highly fatal condition in horses. There is no report of primary gastric rupture in Nigeria. This case report presents an adult female West African Dongola horse in the Zoological Garden, University of Ibadan, that died as a result of primary gastric rupture. The patient was found dead in the early hours of the day. Post-mortem analysis revealed abdominal distention; a congested and non-collapsed left lung; an enlarged heart with ecchymotic haemorrhages on the epicardium; ingesta (grain) in the abdominal cavity, including the peritoneal wall and serosal surface of the gastrointestinal viscera; a seromuscular and mucosal tear along the greater curvature of the stomach; and a distended and flabby stomach with a rupture site 25cm long. There was also haemorrhage along the rupture margins. A diagnosis of primary gastric rupture due to grain overload was made. Proper monitoring and nutritional management are essential measures to prevent gastric rupture due to grain overload.
{"title":"Primary gastric rupture in an adult female West African Dongola horse in Nigeria: A case report","authors":"T. Adebiyi, O. O. Akinniyi, O. Banwo, B. Ogunro, O. O. Alaka, O. T. Jeremiah","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric rupture is a highly fatal condition in horses. There is no report of primary gastric rupture in Nigeria. This case report presents an adult female West African Dongola horse in the Zoological Garden, University of Ibadan, that died as a result of primary gastric rupture. The patient was found dead in the early hours of the day. Post-mortem analysis revealed abdominal distention; a congested and non-collapsed left lung; an enlarged heart with ecchymotic haemorrhages on the epicardium; ingesta (grain) in the abdominal cavity, including the peritoneal wall and serosal surface of the gastrointestinal viscera; a seromuscular and mucosal tear along the greater curvature of the stomach; and a distended and flabby stomach with a rupture site 25cm long. There was also haemorrhage along the rupture margins. A diagnosis of primary gastric rupture due to grain overload was made. Proper monitoring and nutritional management are essential measures to prevent gastric rupture due to grain overload.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"60 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Adamu, A. S. Saidu, A. I. Adamu, M. A. Sadiq, S. M. Jajere, S. Mohammed, A. Tijjani, H. I. Musa, U. B. Usman, A. L. Thaddeus
Heavy metals (HMs) are naturally occurring elements with high atomic weights and a density at least five times greater than water. HMs can be released into the soil, water, and air through industrial, domestic, agricultural run-offs, medical and technological activities. Thirty wild fresh catfish were bought from two major fish markets in Maiduguri (Custom and Monday markets). Zinc (Zn) and Arsenic (As) were determined by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptivestatistics and independent sample t-tests. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was calculated, and the target cancer risk (TCR), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) was derived. The mean concentration (mg/Kg ± SD) of Zn in the liver (0.26 ± 0.32) was higher compared to that in muscle (0.22 ± 0.27), but this was not statistically different (t (58) = 0.608, p = 0.545). However, the mean concentration of As in the liver (0.27 ± 0.33) was lower compared to that in the muscle (0.28 ± 0.23), but this was not statistically different (t (52) = -0.003, p = 0.997). Although, no significant statistical difference, the mean concentration ranking of Zn based on the Fish market was Monday market > custom market, while that of As was custom market > Monday market. EDI values were within tolerable limits. TCR, THQ, and HI values obtained were below the threshold of 1. In conclusion, HMs (Zn and As) were detected in the liver and muscle of all fish samples tested at a lower rate compared to their Maximum Permissible Limits (MPLs) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, because of their non-degradable nature and tendency to bio-accumulate in fish tissues and organs, it can be concluded that long-term consumption poses a greater Public Health risk of HMs intoxications in the study area. Therefore, fish consumers should be enlightened more about the harmful effects of HM toxicity by relevant health authorities.
重金属（HMs）是天然存在的元素，原子量大，密度至少是水的五倍。重金属可通过工业、家庭、农业径流、医疗和技术活动释放到土壤、水和空气中。我们从迈杜古里的两个主要鱼市（海关市场和周一市场）购买了 30 条野生新鲜鲶鱼。采用原子吸收分光光度计测定锌（Zn）和砷（As）。所得数据采用描述性统计和独立样本 t 检验进行分析。计算金属的估计日摄入量（EDI），并得出目标癌症风险（TCR）、目标危害商数（THQ）和危害指数（HI）。肝脏中锌的平均浓度（毫克/千克±标度）（0.26 ± 0.32）高于肌肉中的锌的平均浓度（0.22 ± 0.27），但两者并无统计学差异（t (58) = 0.608, p = 0.545）。然而，肝脏中的砷平均浓度（0.27 ± 0.33）低于肌肉中的砷平均浓度（0.28 ± 0.23），但没有统计学差异（t (52) = -0.003，p = 0.997）。尽管没有明显的统计差异，但鱼类市场的锌平均浓度排名是周一市场>定制市场，而砷的平均浓度排名是定制市场>周一市场。EDI 值在可容忍范围内。总之，在所有检测的鱼类样本的肝脏和肌肉中检测到的 HMs（锌和砷）含量均低于世界卫生组织（WHO）规定的最高容许限值（MPL）。然而，由于这些物质具有不可降解的特性，而且容易在鱼类组织和器官中进行生物累积，因此可以得出结论，长期食用这些物质会对研究区域的公众健康带来更大的有害物质中毒风险。因此，相关卫生部门应加强对鱼类消费者的宣传，使其了解 HMs 毒性的危害。
{"title":"Detection, distribution, and health risk assessment of heavy metals in wild catfish sold in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"S. Adamu, A. S. Saidu, A. I. Adamu, M. A. Sadiq, S. M. Jajere, S. Mohammed, A. Tijjani, H. I. Musa, U. B. Usman, A. L. Thaddeus","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals (HMs) are naturally occurring elements with high atomic weights and a density at least five times greater than water. HMs can be released into the soil, water, and air through industrial, domestic, agricultural run-offs, medical and technological activities. Thirty wild fresh catfish were bought from two major fish markets in Maiduguri (Custom and Monday markets). Zinc (Zn) and Arsenic (As) were determined by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptivestatistics and independent sample t-tests. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was calculated, and the target cancer risk (TCR), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) was derived. The mean concentration (mg/Kg ± SD) of Zn in the liver (0.26 ± 0.32) was higher compared to that in muscle (0.22 ± 0.27), but this was not statistically different (t (58) = 0.608, p = 0.545). However, the mean concentration of As in the liver (0.27 ± 0.33) was lower compared to that in the muscle (0.28 ± 0.23), but this was not statistically different (t (52) = -0.003, p = 0.997). Although, no significant statistical difference, the mean concentration ranking of Zn based on the Fish market was Monday market > custom market, while that of As was custom market > Monday market. EDI values were within tolerable limits. TCR, THQ, and HI values obtained were below the threshold of 1. In conclusion, HMs (Zn and As) were detected in the liver and muscle of all fish samples tested at a lower rate compared to their Maximum Permissible Limits (MPLs) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, because of their non-degradable nature and tendency to bio-accumulate in fish tissues and organs, it can be concluded that long-term consumption poses a greater Public Health risk of HMs intoxications in the study area. Therefore, fish consumers should be enlightened more about the harmful effects of HM toxicity by relevant health authorities.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139450019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Velogenic Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and fatal disease that affects domestic poultry, and is clinically manifested by haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and respiratory distress. This study investigated the sequential histopathogic changes in the lungs, proventriculus, and intestines of broiler chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). Fifty broiler chickens (6-weeks-old) were randomly assigned into two groups of 25 each: UC – unvaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines and intranasallly inoculated with vNDV, UU – unvaccinated uninfected. At 4, 5 and 6 days post-infection (d.p.i) tissue samples were collected from birds in each group for histopathology. The lungs showed hyperaemia, haemorrhages, inflammatory oedema and cellular infiltrations in the secondary bronchi, parabronchi (atria, infundibular, air and blood capillaries of the exchange tissue), depletion of bronchial-asociated lymphoid tissues, loss of cilia and hyperplasia of surface epithelium of bronchi and parabronchi at 4 d.p.i. The lesions progressed to collapsed air capillaries with fibroplasia and fibrosis of the area at 6 d.p.i. Similar inflammatory changes were observed in the proventriculus, but accompanied by degeneration and attenuation of surface epithelium of proventiculus and proventricular glands at 4 d.p.i., and severe necrosis and disintegration of the proventricular glands at 6 d.p.i. The intestine showed severe inflammatory changes in the mucosa, submucosa and serosa and depletion of gut-associated lymphoid tissues at 4 d.p.i., and ulcerative enteritis at 5 d.p.i. The lumen was filled with necrotic debris at 6 d.p.i. This study reinforces the concept making pathologic animal experiments important tools for a complete characterization of strains in susceptible animals, as this information will be helpful in the accurate diagnosis of velogenic Newcastle disease in chickens.
{"title":"Sequential histopathological changes of the lower respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus","authors":"A. O. Igwe","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Velogenic Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and fatal disease that affects domestic poultry, and is clinically manifested by haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and respiratory distress. This study investigated the sequential histopathogic changes in the lungs, proventriculus, and intestines of broiler chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). Fifty broiler chickens (6-weeks-old) were randomly assigned into two groups of 25 each: UC – unvaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines and intranasallly inoculated with vNDV, UU – unvaccinated uninfected. At 4, 5 and 6 days post-infection (d.p.i) tissue samples were collected from birds in each group for histopathology. The lungs showed hyperaemia, haemorrhages, inflammatory oedema and cellular infiltrations in the secondary bronchi, parabronchi (atria, infundibular, air and blood capillaries of the exchange tissue), depletion of bronchial-asociated lymphoid tissues, loss of cilia and hyperplasia of surface epithelium of bronchi and parabronchi at 4 d.p.i. The lesions progressed to collapsed air capillaries with fibroplasia and fibrosis of the area at 6 d.p.i. Similar inflammatory changes were observed in the proventriculus, but accompanied by degeneration and attenuation of surface epithelium of proventiculus and proventricular glands at 4 d.p.i., and severe necrosis and disintegration of the proventricular glands at 6 d.p.i. The intestine showed severe inflammatory changes in the mucosa, submucosa and serosa and depletion of gut-associated lymphoid tissues at 4 d.p.i., and ulcerative enteritis at 5 d.p.i. The lumen was filled with necrotic debris at 6 d.p.i. This study reinforces the concept making pathologic animal experiments important tools for a complete characterization of strains in susceptible animals, as this information will be helpful in the accurate diagnosis of velogenic Newcastle disease in chickens.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traumatic reticulo-pericarditis (hardware disease) is produced by a sharp object such as a piece of wire or a nail that pierces through the wall of the reticulum, and diaphragm, and gains access to the heart. A carcass of 4½-year-old White-Fulani was presented to the Necropsy unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria for post-mortem examination. Gross findings revealed a shaft of an 18- gauge x 1½inch hypodermic needle within fibrinous tissue extending from the pericardial sac. Other findings include oedema in the jowl and brisket region, ascites, haemothorax, yellow and turbid fluid within the pericardial sac with fibrin flake showing a typical ‘bread and butter’ appearance. Histopathological observation of affected organs showed fibrinous pericarditis with severe fibrin deposition and fibrous tissue proliferation between the cardiac muscle fibres along with infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and hepatic centrilobular necrotic changes. The result of the post-mortem examination revealed that the cow died of traumatic pericarditis. Acute traumatic pericarditis was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade as the possible cause of death. Cattle herders should be familiarized with the causes and symptoms of hardware disease and prompt action to save lives and avoidance of huge economic losses.
创伤性网状心包炎（硬件病）是由铁丝或钉子等尖锐物体刺穿网状心包壁和横膈膜进入心脏而引起的。扎里亚的艾哈迈杜-贝洛大学兽医病理学系的尸体解剖组收到了一具 4 岁半的白富来犬尸体，并对其进行了尸检。大体检查结果显示，心包囊延伸出的纤维组织内有一根 18 号 x 1.5 英寸皮下注射针的针杆。其他发现还包括下颌和牛腩区域水肿、腹水、血胸、心包囊内黄色浑浊液体，纤维蛋白片呈现典型的 "面包和黄油 "外观。受影响器官的组织病理学观察显示，纤维素性心包炎伴有严重的纤维蛋白沉积和心肌纤维间的纤维组织增生，以及中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞的浸润和肝中心叶坏死性改变。尸检结果显示，奶牛死于外伤性心包炎。经诊断，急性创伤性心包炎和心脏填塞可能是死亡原因。牧民应熟悉硬件疾病的病因和症状，并及时采取措施挽救生命，避免巨大的经济损失。
{"title":"Pathological report of acute traumatic bovine reticulo-pericarditis in a 4½-year-old Bunaji (White Fulani) cow","authors":"A. Saleh, M. Y. Fatihu, N. Sani, S. Abalaka","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic reticulo-pericarditis (hardware disease) is produced by a sharp object such as a piece of wire or a nail that pierces through the wall of the reticulum, and diaphragm, and gains access to the heart. A carcass of 4½-year-old White-Fulani was presented to the Necropsy unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria for post-mortem examination. Gross findings revealed a shaft of an 18- gauge x 1½inch hypodermic needle within fibrinous tissue extending from the pericardial sac. Other findings include oedema in the jowl and brisket region, ascites, haemothorax, yellow and turbid fluid within the pericardial sac with fibrin flake showing a typical ‘bread and butter’ appearance. Histopathological observation of affected organs showed fibrinous pericarditis with severe fibrin deposition and fibrous tissue proliferation between the cardiac muscle fibres along with infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and hepatic centrilobular necrotic changes. The result of the post-mortem examination revealed that the cow died of traumatic pericarditis. Acute traumatic pericarditis was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade as the possible cause of death. Cattle herders should be familiarized with the causes and symptoms of hardware disease and prompt action to save lives and avoidance of huge economic losses.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Ubah, K. O. Abah, S. Abalaka, I. S. Idoko, M. G. Akande, S. Okoronkwo, D. Akumka, A. Mohamed, R. Hassan
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Taurine (TAU) on sperm/spermatid reserves and testosterone profile of Wistar rats exposed to Cypermethrin (CYP) toxicity. Male rats weighing between 150 - 200 g age 10-11 weeks old were used. The experiment was divided into 7 groups, which included; Group A distilled water, Group B soya oil at 2 ml/kg, Group C TAU 50mg/kg, Group D TAU 100mg/kg, Group E CYP at 20 mg/kg Group F TAU at 50 mg/kg with CYP at 20 mg/kg and Group G TAU at 100 mg/kg with CYP at 20 mg/kg respectively. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 60 days. At termination, the rats were decapitated. Sera samples were obtained. The epididymis was separated into head, body and tail, testicular and epididymal filtrate volumes were measured. Paired gonadal and epididymal sperm/spermatid reserves were determined using a haemocytometer and light microscope. Testosterone assay was done with testosterone ELISA Kits. Results showed that testicular sperm/spermatid reserves of groups A and B were 11.50 ± 0.87b x106 /g of testes and 16.00 ± 3.08a x106 /g which were significantly higher than the rest groups (p<0.05). Sperm reserves of the tail epididymis was significantly higher in groups A, B, E and F (p<0.05). The values were 15.75 ± 2.95a x106 /g, 15.25 ± 2.81a x106 /g, 11.50 ± 1.50a x106 /g and 10.0 ± 0.0a x106 /g respectively, Sperm reserves of the head epididymis was significantly higher in groups D and E (p<0.05). The values were 10.25 ± 3.68a x106 /g 9.25 ± 1.89a x106 /g. It was concluded that taurine at 50mg and 100 mg/kg did not show any significant positive effect on serum testosterone, testicular sperm/spermatid reserves, tail and body epididymal sperm reserves. Taurine effect may be dose dependent and influenced by osmoregulation. It was recommended that higher doses of taurine be tested.
{"title":"Gonadal sperm reserves and testosterone profile of Wistar rats treated with Taurine following Cypermetrin toxicity","authors":"S. A. Ubah, K. O. Abah, S. Abalaka, I. S. Idoko, M. G. Akande, S. Okoronkwo, D. Akumka, A. Mohamed, R. Hassan","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the impact of Taurine (TAU) on sperm/spermatid reserves and testosterone profile of Wistar rats exposed to Cypermethrin (CYP) toxicity. Male rats weighing between 150 - 200 g age 10-11 weeks old were used. The experiment was divided into 7 groups, which included; Group A distilled water, Group B soya oil at 2 ml/kg, Group C TAU 50mg/kg, Group D TAU 100mg/kg, Group E CYP at 20 mg/kg Group F TAU at 50 mg/kg with CYP at 20 mg/kg and Group G TAU at 100 mg/kg with CYP at 20 mg/kg respectively. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 60 days. At termination, the rats were decapitated. Sera samples were obtained. The epididymis was separated into head, body and tail, testicular and epididymal filtrate volumes were measured. Paired gonadal and epididymal sperm/spermatid reserves were determined using a haemocytometer and light microscope. Testosterone assay was done with testosterone ELISA Kits. Results showed that testicular sperm/spermatid reserves of groups A and B were 11.50 ± 0.87b x106 /g of testes and 16.00 ± 3.08a x106 /g which were significantly higher than the rest groups (p<0.05). Sperm reserves of the tail epididymis was significantly higher in groups A, B, E and F (p<0.05). The values were 15.75 ± 2.95a x106 /g, 15.25 ± 2.81a x106 /g, 11.50 ± 1.50a x106 /g and 10.0 ± 0.0a x106 /g respectively, Sperm reserves of the head epididymis was significantly higher in groups D and E (p<0.05). The values were 10.25 ± 3.68a x106 /g 9.25 ± 1.89a x106 /g. It was concluded that taurine at 50mg and 100 mg/kg did not show any significant positive effect on serum testosterone, testicular sperm/spermatid reserves, tail and body epididymal sperm reserves. Taurine effect may be dose dependent and influenced by osmoregulation. It was recommended that higher doses of taurine be tested.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"73 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139450484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. O. Oyenekan, S. A. Koleosho, S. A. Olurode, O. A. Makinde, T. A. Abati
This study evaluated the changes in hoof morphometric parameters between normal and lame polo horses. Cross-sectional survey of hoof morphometric parameters of polo horses was conducted at the Ibadan Polo club. Also, each horse was physically examined and severity of lameness scored based on the criteria by American Association of Equine Practitioners. Differences in morphometric parameters between sex, lameness status and shoeing status were analyzed using Student’s t test and values were considered significant at p< 0.05) higher in females (118.8 ± 9.3mm; 117.1 ± 8.3mm) than male horses (109.8 ± 6.1 mm; 106.8 ± 12.1 mm). Hoof wall angles did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the sexes. Majority of the hoof morphometric parameters were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in shod horses compared to unshod horses. In addition, the dorsal hoof wall angle of the right hind limb was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in lame (61.3 ± 11.50) than normal horses (53.6 ± 8.30). It was concluded that shoeing conditions and lameness significantly alters hoof morphometric parameters of polo horses.
{"title":"Evaluation of hoof morphometry in normal and lame polo horses at Ibadan Polo Club.","authors":"I. O. Oyenekan, S. A. Koleosho, S. A. Olurode, O. A. Makinde, T. A. Abati","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the changes in hoof morphometric parameters between normal and lame polo horses. Cross-sectional survey of hoof morphometric parameters of polo horses was conducted at the Ibadan Polo club. Also, each horse was physically examined and severity of lameness scored based on the criteria by American Association of Equine Practitioners. Differences in morphometric parameters between sex, lameness status and shoeing status were analyzed using Student’s t test and values were considered significant at p< 0.05) higher in females (118.8 ± 9.3mm; 117.1 ± 8.3mm) than male horses (109.8 ± 6.1 mm; 106.8 ± 12.1 mm). Hoof wall angles did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the sexes. Majority of the hoof morphometric parameters were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in shod horses compared to unshod horses. In addition, the dorsal hoof wall angle of the right hind limb was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in lame (61.3 ± 11.50) than normal horses (53.6 ± 8.30). It was concluded that shoeing conditions and lameness significantly alters hoof morphometric parameters of polo horses.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"27 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. Ajadi, I. O. Oyenekan, M. O. Ilugbo, S. A. Koleosho, O. A. Makinde
Canine hip dysplasia is a complex developmental disease of coxo-femoral joints accounting for 30% of canine orthopaedic cases. Radiological examinations of coxofemoral joints are done to determine the genetic carriers for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and remove such dogs from breeding. There is scanty record on prevalence of CHD in Boerboel dogs. We reviewed the anterioposterior and flexed lateral hip radiographs of apparently normal Boerboel dogs presented for hip certification between 2016 and 2022 to determine CHD prevalence in the breed. Radiographs were graded using modified Federation Cynologique International grading system. CHD prevalence was expressed as percentages, while age and sex difference in prevalence of CHD were compared using chi-square test. Relative percentages were calculated for CHD grades C, D, and E. Differences were considered significant at p ? 0.05. Median age for the dogs was 2 years with age ranging between 1 and 6 years. 27 (42.2%) were non dysplastic, while 37(57.8%) were dysplastic. Dogs with grade A accounted mostly for the non-dysplastic dogs, while dogs with grade C accounted mostly for dysplastic dogs. HD Prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in female than male, however, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in CHD prevalence between dogs (1 – 2 years of age) and dogs (3 – 6 years of age). Dogs with grade C have the highest relative percentage among the dysplastic grades. It was concluded that CHD prevalence in Boerboel dogs is high and dogs with grade C accounted for most of the CHD cases.
{"title":"Prevalence of hip dysplasia in Boerboel dogs in Nigeria: A retrospective study of radiographic screening between 2016 and 2022","authors":"R. A. Ajadi, I. O. Oyenekan, M. O. Ilugbo, S. A. Koleosho, O. A. Makinde","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Canine hip dysplasia is a complex developmental disease of coxo-femoral joints accounting for 30% of canine orthopaedic cases. Radiological examinations of coxofemoral joints are done to determine the genetic carriers for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and remove such dogs from breeding. There is scanty record on prevalence of CHD in Boerboel dogs. We reviewed the anterioposterior and flexed lateral hip radiographs of apparently normal Boerboel dogs presented for hip certification between 2016 and 2022 to determine CHD prevalence in the breed. Radiographs were graded using modified Federation Cynologique International grading system. CHD prevalence was expressed as percentages, while age and sex difference in prevalence of CHD were compared using chi-square test. Relative percentages were calculated for CHD grades C, D, and E. Differences were considered significant at p ? 0.05. Median age for the dogs was 2 years with age ranging between 1 and 6 years. 27 (42.2%) were non dysplastic, while 37(57.8%) were dysplastic. Dogs with grade A accounted mostly for the non-dysplastic dogs, while dogs with grade C accounted mostly for dysplastic dogs. HD Prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in female than male, however, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in CHD prevalence between dogs (1 – 2 years of age) and dogs (3 – 6 years of age). Dogs with grade C have the highest relative percentage among the dysplastic grades. It was concluded that CHD prevalence in Boerboel dogs is high and dogs with grade C accounted for most of the CHD cases.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out to evaluation the effectiveness of digital rectal palpation technique in Red Sokoto goat, at Small Ruminant Research Program of National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria. Forty two does were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, (n = 14 each). Semen was collected from two Red Sokoto bucks using artificial vagina, processed and stored at 4˚C. Oestrus was synchronised with prostaglandin F2-alpha, and oestrus detected by apronised bucks and visual observation. Breeding was by artificial inseminating for groups A and B while group C bred by natural service. Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out using ultrasonography (US) and digital rectal palpation technique (DRP) on day 14, 21, 28 and 126, while progesterone assay (P4) and non-return-to-heat (NRH) on day 21, post-breeding. Pregnancy rates on day 21 were 64.3 %, 92.9 % and 100 % (US); 42.9 %, 57.1 % and 57.1 % (DRP); 78.6 %, 78.6 % and 100 % (P4); 85.7 %, 78.6 % and 92.9 % (NRH). There was significant (P < 0.05) difference between US, DRP, P4 and NRH in groups B and C. It was concluded that DRP technique was effective in early pregnancy diagnosis (days 14, 21, and 28) in Red Sokoto goat does.
{"title":"Comparative pregnancy diagnosis of digital rectal palpation technique, ultrasonography, progesterone assay and non-return-to-heat in Red Sokoto goat.","authors":"A. A. Bello, A. A. Voh Jr, D. Ogwu, J. O. Ayo","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out to evaluation the effectiveness of digital rectal palpation technique in Red Sokoto goat, at Small Ruminant Research Program of National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria. Forty two does were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, (n = 14 each). Semen was collected from two Red Sokoto bucks using artificial vagina, processed and stored at 4˚C. Oestrus was synchronised with prostaglandin F2-alpha, and oestrus detected by apronised bucks and visual observation. Breeding was by artificial inseminating for groups A and B while group C bred by natural service. Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out using ultrasonography (US) and digital rectal palpation technique (DRP) on day 14, 21, 28 and 126, while progesterone assay (P4) and non-return-to-heat (NRH) on day 21, post-breeding. Pregnancy rates on day 21 were 64.3 %, 92.9 % and 100 % (US); 42.9 %, 57.1 % and 57.1 % (DRP); 78.6 %, 78.6 % and 100 % (P4); 85.7 %, 78.6 % and 92.9 % (NRH). There was significant (P < 0.05) difference between US, DRP, P4 and NRH in groups B and C. It was concluded that DRP technique was effective in early pregnancy diagnosis (days 14, 21, and 28) in Red Sokoto goat does.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Sopeju, G. Okpara, V. T. Abiodun, S. O. Sopeju
No abstract.
没有抽象的。
{"title":"Inadequate antibody response to primary rabies vaccination in puppies under four months of age in Ibadan, Nigeria: A case report","authors":"E. A. Sopeju, G. Okpara, V. T. Abiodun, S. O. Sopeju","doi":"10.4314/nvj.v44i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract.","PeriodicalId":19330,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Veterinary Journal","volume":"62 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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