Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 4, Volume 15, 2023: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting research or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Medicinal potential and health benefits of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior); Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of crude latex (Pergularia tomentosa L.) in Algerian Saharan; Extractive optimization of antioxidants and phenolic compounds from Anacyclus pyrethrum; Antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity of iron oxide nanoparticles phytosynthesized from the medicinal plant Andrographis serpyllifolia; Phytochemical characterization, biological screening and corrosion inhibition of mild steel from extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L.; Supply of essential and nonessential amino acids, proteins, antioxidants, iron and zinc from the main varieties of beans consumed in Mexico and their potential for biofortification; Seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy-breaking methods in wild raspberry (Rubus fraxinifolius Poir.); New insights regarding the taxonomy and phylogeography of Onobrychis montana DC. subsp. transsilvanica (Fabaceae); Estimating dendrometric variables, volume and carbon from stump diameter for Pinus arizonica Engelm. in northern Mexico.
Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro)，第 4 期，第 15 卷，2023 年：本期发表的论文代表了生命科学不同主题中有趣的新内容。在这些令人兴奋的研究或评论中，我们邀请读者了解以下新闻：火炬姜（Etlingera elatior）的药用潜力和健康益处；阿尔及利亚撒哈拉地区粗乳胶（Pergularia tomentosa L. Pergularia tomentosa L.的抗氧化剂和酚类化合物的提取优化；从药用植物穿心莲中植物合成的氧化铁纳米粒子的抗菌和杀灭蚊虫幼虫活性；桧属植物提取物的植物化学特征、生物筛选和对低碳钢的腐蚀抑制作用；从桧属植物提取物中提供必需和非必需的抗氧化剂和酚类化合物；从桧属植物提取物中提取抗氧化剂和酚类化合物；从桧属植物提取物中提取抗氧化剂和酚类化合物；从桧属植物提取物中提取抗氧化剂和酚类化合物；从桧属植物提取物中提取抗氧化剂和酚类化合物；从桧属植物提取物中提取抗氧化剂和酚类化合物。墨西哥主要豆类品种中必需和非必需氨基酸、蛋白质、抗氧化剂、铁和锌的供应及其生物强化潜力；野生覆盆子（Rubus fraxinifolius Poir.transsilvanica（豆科）的分类和系统地理学的新见解；根据树桩直径估算墨西哥北部 Pinus arizonica Engelm.
{"title":"Introduction pages, Notulae Scientia Biologicae 15(4), 2023","authors":"Radu E. Sestras","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411842","url":null,"abstract":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 4, Volume 15, 2023: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting research or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Medicinal potential and health benefits of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior); Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of crude latex (Pergularia tomentosa L.) in Algerian Saharan; Extractive optimization of antioxidants and phenolic compounds from Anacyclus pyrethrum; Antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity of iron oxide nanoparticles phytosynthesized from the medicinal plant Andrographis serpyllifolia; Phytochemical characterization, biological screening and corrosion inhibition of mild steel from extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L.; Supply of essential and nonessential amino acids, proteins, antioxidants, iron and zinc from the main varieties of beans consumed in Mexico and their potential for biofortification; Seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy-breaking methods in wild raspberry (Rubus fraxinifolius Poir.); New insights regarding the taxonomy and phylogeography of Onobrychis montana DC. subsp. transsilvanica (Fabaceae); Estimating dendrometric variables, volume and carbon from stump diameter for Pinus arizonica Engelm. in northern Mexico.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study evaluates the potentiality of green silver nanoparticles from the leaves and fruit extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against third instar larvae of two vector mosquitoes namely Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex vishnui. Various spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Synthesized silver nanoparticles from both the leaf and fruits of P. acidus were spherical to quasi-spherical in shape and showed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands at 420 and 409 nm respectively. In larvicidal bioassay with synthesized AgNPs from the leave of P. acidus, 100% mortality was observed at 20 ppm against third instar larvae of both the mosquito species with LC50 values of 1.64 and 0.87 ppm respectively. 100% mortality was observed in 5 ppm concentration against both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. vishnui in synthesized AgNPs from fruits of P. acidus with LC50 values of 1.62 and 1.24 ppm respectively. The above findings suggest that the AgNPs synthesized from P. acidus leaves and fruit extracts have the potential to be employed in vector mosquito population control.
{"title":"Evaluation of mosquito larvicidal activity of green synthesized crystalline silver nanoparticles using leave and fruit extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. (Phyllanthaceae)","authors":"Arpita Gope, Anjali Rawani, Priyajit Chatterjee","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411722","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluates the potentiality of green silver nanoparticles from the leaves and fruit extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against third instar larvae of two vector mosquitoes namely Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex vishnui. Various spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Synthesized silver nanoparticles from both the leaf and fruits of P. acidus were spherical to quasi-spherical in shape and showed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands at 420 and 409 nm respectively. In larvicidal bioassay with synthesized AgNPs from the leave of P. acidus, 100% mortality was observed at 20 ppm against third instar larvae of both the mosquito species with LC50 values of 1.64 and 0.87 ppm respectively. 100% mortality was observed in 5 ppm concentration against both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. vishnui in synthesized AgNPs from fruits of P. acidus with LC50 values of 1.62 and 1.24 ppm respectively. The above findings suggest that the AgNPs synthesized from P. acidus leaves and fruit extracts have the potential to be employed in vector mosquito population control.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shaarawi, Mohamed A. A. Abdullah, Huda A. Ibrahim, H. A. Mahdy
In this study, mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.) were stored together with sweet peppers to simulate mixed load shipping conditions. Sheets of Nitric oxide with different concentrations (40, 60 and 80 ml/l) were placed in mango packages. Sets with different treatments of treated and or untreated (control) mango fruits were placed together with sweet peppers, then each of treatments was kept separated in cold-storage rooms at 10 °C + 90% RH, for 35 days. Samples from mangos and sweet peppers were examined at 7 days’ intervals for physical and chemical quality parameters. For both mango fruits and sweet peppers nitric oxide at 60 ml/l treatment showed a significant reduction of weight loss and decay percentages, and maintained general appearance, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid content, and total sugars. Total chlorophyll also was steadily maintained. Hence nitric oxide at 60 ml/l significantly proved to be a potential treatment to delay ripening and keeping better overall quality attributes of both mango and sweet peppers fruits stored together as compared to other treatments and control under cold storage conditions.
{"title":"Influence of different concentrations of nitric oxide on fruit quality of sweet pepper and mango under mixed loading conditions","authors":"S. Shaarawi, Mohamed A. A. Abdullah, Huda A. Ibrahim, H. A. Mahdy","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411790","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.) were stored together with sweet peppers to simulate mixed load shipping conditions. Sheets of Nitric oxide with different concentrations (40, 60 and 80 ml/l) were placed in mango packages. Sets with different treatments of treated and or untreated (control) mango fruits were placed together with sweet peppers, then each of treatments was kept separated in cold-storage rooms at 10 °C + 90% RH, for 35 days. Samples from mangos and sweet peppers were examined at 7 days’ intervals for physical and chemical quality parameters. For both mango fruits and sweet peppers nitric oxide at 60 ml/l treatment showed a significant reduction of weight loss and decay percentages, and maintained general appearance, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid content, and total sugars. Total chlorophyll also was steadily maintained. Hence nitric oxide at 60 ml/l significantly proved to be a potential treatment to delay ripening and keeping better overall quality attributes of both mango and sweet peppers fruits stored together as compared to other treatments and control under cold storage conditions.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Belhaddad, S. Zidane, S. Amamra, Kenza Bouchelouche, Sabrina Mohamadi, Leila Bouzidi, H. Bouleghlem
The aim of this research was to study the effect of solvent polarity and extraction technique of phenolic compounds from Juniperus oxycedrus L. on antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Also, this paper aims to evaluate the anti-corrosive effect of aqueous extracts. In order to evaluate the effect of solvents on the bioactive compound’s extraction efficiency, the samples were prepared with different extraction procedures. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared by using Soxhlet and maceration extraction and aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction and infusion methods. Moreover, six fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol and aqueous) were prepared by partition of ethanolic extract. All the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening; the results show the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes and steroids. The study of the effect of extraction methods revealed that the decoction is the most suitable for the extraction of phenolic compounds. Moreover, depending on the solvent studied, it was noted that the ethanol showed a high level of flavonoids and the high antioxidant capacity. The extracts were also tested for their antibacterial activity in vitro against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the disc diffusion method. The results of antibacterial showed that the highest activity was attributed to ethanolic extract with a maximum zone of inhibition of 13 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The corrosion inhibition effect of the aqueous extracts in mild steel in 1 M HCl solution showed that the extracts inhibit effectively corrosion of mild steel.
本研究的目的是研究从欧洲刺柏中提取酚类化合物的溶剂极性和提取技术对抗氧化和抗菌活性的影响。此外，本文还旨在评估水提取物的抗腐蚀作用。为了评估溶剂对生物活性化合物提取效率的影响，采用不同的提取程序制备样品。甲醇提取物和乙醇提取物是通过索氏提取法和浸渍提取法制备的，水提取物是通过煎煮法和浸泡法制备的。此外，通过对乙醇提取物进行分馏，制备了六个馏分（石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、1-丁醇和水溶液）。对所有提取物进行了初步的植物化学筛选，结果表明其中含有黄酮类、单宁酸、生物碱、三萜类和类固醇。对提取方法效果的研究表明，煎煮法最适合提取酚类化合物。此外，根据所研究的溶剂，乙醇显示出较高的黄酮类化合物含量和较高的抗氧化能力。此外，还采用盘扩散法对提取物对两种细菌菌株（大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）的抗菌活性进行了体外测试。抗菌结果表明，乙醇提取物的抗菌活性最高，对金黄色葡萄球菌的最大抑菌区为 13 毫米。水提取物在 1 M HCl 溶液中对低碳钢的腐蚀抑制作用表明，提取物能有效抑制低碳钢的腐蚀。
{"title":"Phytochemical characterization, biological screening and corrosion inhibition of mild steel from extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L.","authors":"O. Belhaddad, S. Zidane, S. Amamra, Kenza Bouchelouche, Sabrina Mohamadi, Leila Bouzidi, H. Bouleghlem","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411635","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to study the effect of solvent polarity and extraction technique of phenolic compounds from Juniperus oxycedrus L. on antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Also, this paper aims to evaluate the anti-corrosive effect of aqueous extracts. In order to evaluate the effect of solvents on the bioactive compound’s extraction efficiency, the samples were prepared with different extraction procedures. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared by using Soxhlet and maceration extraction and aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction and infusion methods. Moreover, six fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol and aqueous) were prepared by partition of ethanolic extract. All the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening; the results show the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes and steroids. The study of the effect of extraction methods revealed that the decoction is the most suitable for the extraction of phenolic compounds. Moreover, depending on the solvent studied, it was noted that the ethanol showed a high level of flavonoids and the high antioxidant capacity. The extracts were also tested for their antibacterial activity in vitro against two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the disc diffusion method. The results of antibacterial showed that the highest activity was attributed to ethanolic extract with a maximum zone of inhibition of 13 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The corrosion inhibition effect of the aqueous extracts in mild steel in 1 M HCl solution showed that the extracts inhibit effectively corrosion of mild steel.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sivadas Anaswara, Vanaraja Ajithkumar, M. Balachandar, T. Muthukumar
Information of dark septate endophyte (DSE), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), and fine root endophyte (FRE) fungal symbioses of aroids in the Western Ghats region are very low. Therefore, we assessed the endorrhizal symbiosis in 25 aroid species belonging to 16 genera of Araceae from six different locations of the Western Ghats. The results revealed co-occurrence of the DSE and AM symbiosis in all the examined aroids, and FRE presence in seven aroids (Alocasia ´ amazonica, Alocasia sp., Anthurium andraeanum, Epipremnum aureum, Spathiphyllum sp., Syngonium podophyllum, and Zantedeschia aethiopica). We found variance in root length having AM (inter and intracellular hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles and arbusculate coils) and DSE (melanized septate hyphae, microsclerotia, and moniliform hyphae) fungal structures. Moreover, the AM fungal morphology of Arum-Paris type was widespread, and intermediate type morphology reported for the first time in five aroids. AM fungi colonized the roots of Philodendron xanadu the most, followed by DSE in Caladium bicolor, and FRE in Spathiphyllum sp. AM fungal spores were present in all aroid soils examined. The percentage of root length comprising FRE hyphae was significantly and positively correlated root length with FRE arbuscules, AM fungal spore numbers and total colonization. Our study revealed that, the aroids tend to form associations with various endorrhizal fungi.
{"title":"Endorrhizal fungal symbiosis in aroids of the Western Ghats, southern India","authors":"Sivadas Anaswara, Vanaraja Ajithkumar, M. Balachandar, T. Muthukumar","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411651","url":null,"abstract":"Information of dark septate endophyte (DSE), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), and fine root endophyte (FRE) fungal symbioses of aroids in the Western Ghats region are very low. Therefore, we assessed the endorrhizal symbiosis in 25 aroid species belonging to 16 genera of Araceae from six different locations of the Western Ghats. The results revealed co-occurrence of the DSE and AM symbiosis in all the examined aroids, and FRE presence in seven aroids (Alocasia ´ amazonica, Alocasia sp., Anthurium andraeanum, Epipremnum aureum, Spathiphyllum sp., Syngonium podophyllum, and Zantedeschia aethiopica). We found variance in root length having AM (inter and intracellular hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles and arbusculate coils) and DSE (melanized septate hyphae, microsclerotia, and moniliform hyphae) fungal structures. Moreover, the AM fungal morphology of Arum-Paris type was widespread, and intermediate type morphology reported for the first time in five aroids. AM fungi colonized the roots of Philodendron xanadu the most, followed by DSE in Caladium bicolor, and FRE in Spathiphyllum sp. AM fungal spores were present in all aroid soils examined. The percentage of root length comprising FRE hyphae was significantly and positively correlated root length with FRE arbuscules, AM fungal spore numbers and total colonization. Our study revealed that, the aroids tend to form associations with various endorrhizal fungi. ","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. A. Iyiola, A. Oduola, Rahmat D. Aderemi, O. Adelaja, A. A. Lateef, A. Alaba, Seun F. Adejuwon, Aliu S. Fulani
Tribolium castaneum also known as red flour beetle is one of the most important pests of stored grain product with a cosmopolitan distribution in Nigeria and all over the world contributing to food spoilage. The aim of this study was to characterize the T. castaneum by morphometric and molecular analyses. Samples of yam flour with evidence of the red flour beetles present inside were obtained from four locations in Kwara, Kogi, Oyo and Ekiti states in Nigeria. Morphological and molecular identifications of T. castaneum were carried out using standard methods. A dissecting microscope was used to identify the beetles and measurements were taken using ImageJ. Genomic DNA was extracted and checked on 1.5% agarose gel to confirm the presence of DNA. Species-specific primers were used to amplify mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of T. castaneum and the PCR amplicon size was also checked on 1.5% agarose. Morphometric measurements showed that the highest mean number (33.00±4.24 mm) of T. castaneum larvae observed was recorded on day 61 in Ilorin and the lowest was in Iwo, Osun state (4.00±0.00 mm) on the same day. The mean of the total body length of larvae from sampling sites was (1.31±0.37 mm) with minimum and (1.63±1.14 mm) maximum lengths respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean length of the larvae collected from the study locations. Aligned cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of 313bp were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by maximum likelihood method showed that the T. castaneum sequences analyzed for this study and sequences obtained from GenBank formed a monophyletic group. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a single species of T. castaneum. The results from this study showed low levels of genetic diversity and variability in the studied T. castaneum populations. The observed genetic similarity in T. castaneum could be due to the fact that they were probably from similar origin when compared with those in the GenBank database. However, further studies are needed with more samples to characterize T. castaneum species from stored food grains across Nigeria.
Tribolium castaneum 又称红面粉甲虫，是贮藏谷物产品中最重要的害虫之一，在尼日利亚和世界各地都有分布，是造成食品腐败的原因之一。本研究的目的是通过形态计量学和分子分析来确定 T. castaneum 的特征。研究人员从尼日利亚 Kwara、Kogi、Oyo 和 Ekiti 州的四个地方获得了山芋粉样本，样本中发现了红色面粉甲虫。采用标准方法对 T. castaneum 进行了形态学和分子鉴定。使用解剖显微镜鉴定甲虫，并使用 ImageJ 进行测量。提取基因组 DNA 并在 1.5% 琼脂糖凝胶上检测，以确认 DNA 的存在。使用物种特异性引物扩增 T. castaneum 的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶 I (COI) 基因，并在 1.5% 琼脂糖上检测 PCR 扩增子的大小。形态测量结果表明，第 61 天在伊洛林观察到的 T. castaneum 幼虫平均数量最多（33.00±4.24 毫米），同一天在奥孙州伊沃观察到的幼虫平均数量最少（4.00±0.00 毫米）。取样地点幼虫总长度的平均值分别为（1.31±0.37 毫米），最小和最大长度分别为（1.63±1.14 毫米）。研究地点采集的幼虫平均体长之间没有明显差异（P>0.05）。分析了 313bp 的细胞色素氧化酶亚单位 1（COI）序列。用最大似然法推断的系统发生分析表明，本研究分析的 T. castaneum 序列与从 GenBank 中获得的序列形成了一个单系群。分子和系统进化分析证实，T. castaneum 为单一物种。研究结果表明，所研究的 T. castaneum 群体的遗传多样性和变异性水平较低。与 GenBank 数据库中的样本相比，所观察到的 T. castaneum 遗传相似性可能是由于它们的起源相似。不过，还需要进行更多的样本研究，以确定尼日利亚各地储藏粮食中的蓖麻属物种的特征。
{"title":"DNA barcoding of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from selected states in Nigeria based on mitochondrial DNA sequences","authors":"O. A. Iyiola, A. Oduola, Rahmat D. Aderemi, O. Adelaja, A. A. Lateef, A. Alaba, Seun F. Adejuwon, Aliu S. Fulani","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411607","url":null,"abstract":"Tribolium castaneum also known as red flour beetle is one of the most important pests of stored grain product with a cosmopolitan distribution in Nigeria and all over the world contributing to food spoilage. The aim of this study was to characterize the T. castaneum by morphometric and molecular analyses. Samples of yam flour with evidence of the red flour beetles present inside were obtained from four locations in Kwara, Kogi, Oyo and Ekiti states in Nigeria. Morphological and molecular identifications of T. castaneum were carried out using standard methods. A dissecting microscope was used to identify the beetles and measurements were taken using ImageJ. Genomic DNA was extracted and checked on 1.5% agarose gel to confirm the presence of DNA. Species-specific primers were used to amplify mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of T. castaneum and the PCR amplicon size was also checked on 1.5% agarose. Morphometric measurements showed that the highest mean number (33.00±4.24 mm) of T. castaneum larvae observed was recorded on day 61 in Ilorin and the lowest was in Iwo, Osun state (4.00±0.00 mm) on the same day. The mean of the total body length of larvae from sampling sites was (1.31±0.37 mm) with minimum and (1.63±1.14 mm) maximum lengths respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean length of the larvae collected from the study locations. Aligned cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of 313bp were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by maximum likelihood method showed that the T. castaneum sequences analyzed for this study and sequences obtained from GenBank formed a monophyletic group. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a single species of T. castaneum. The results from this study showed low levels of genetic diversity and variability in the studied T. castaneum populations. The observed genetic similarity in T. castaneum could be due to the fact that they were probably from similar origin when compared with those in the GenBank database. However, further studies are needed with more samples to characterize T. castaneum species from stored food grains across Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138968096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manikandan Anusha, S. Preethee, K. Saminathan, P. Kathireswari, Sundaramoorthy Arunmetha
Earthworm growth and reproduction is influenced by the environmental variables such as temperature, moisture, substrate and nutrient content in vermibed materials. By using different kind of dietary supplements with the conventional vermibed materials raise the development and reproductive potential of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. The current study evaluated on particular periods such as 10th, 45th, and 90th day in vermibins with dietary supplements in the ratio of 1:1 the 50% Ficus religiosa leaf litters + 50% cow dung (T1); 50% Lawsonia inermis leaf litters + 50% cow dung (T2); 50% sugarcane bagasse + 50% cow dung (T3) was used and 100% cow dung serves as control (C). Among these vermibins, T3 vermibin treated earthworms had the highest growth, reproduction, highest sperm count in the seminal vesicle, hatching success, and also increased the metabolic profile of earthworms such as protein, carbohydrate, and lipids in tissues and seminal vesicle. Compared to the other nutritional supplements, the present study result revealed that cow dung and sugarcane bagasse together have a significant positive impact on earthworm growth and reproduction. This study emphasized on the enhancement of the reproductive capacity of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae by incorporating different dietary supplements with the traditional vermicomposting methods. This also helps to analyse the influence of the metabolic profile in the growth and development and even on the reproductive index of the earthworm which is been observed on three different period: 10th, 45th and 90th day of experimentation. In the current research multi output can be ensured by integrating with production of crops, vermicompost, earthworm growth and waste management. This present study also represents that the open dumping of such a huge quantity of dung materials and plant and animal wastes will create environmental pollution and benefits for soil fertility improvement.
{"title":"Vermi degradation of different dietary supplements mediated on the reproduction and metabolic profile of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae","authors":"Manikandan Anusha, S. Preethee, K. Saminathan, P. Kathireswari, Sundaramoorthy Arunmetha","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411638","url":null,"abstract":"Earthworm growth and reproduction is influenced by the environmental variables such as temperature, moisture, substrate and nutrient content in vermibed materials. By using different kind of dietary supplements with the conventional vermibed materials raise the development and reproductive potential of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. The current study evaluated on particular periods such as 10th, 45th, and 90th day in vermibins with dietary supplements in the ratio of 1:1 the 50% Ficus religiosa leaf litters + 50% cow dung (T1); 50% Lawsonia inermis leaf litters + 50% cow dung (T2); 50% sugarcane bagasse + 50% cow dung (T3) was used and 100% cow dung serves as control (C). Among these vermibins, T3 vermibin treated earthworms had the highest growth, reproduction, highest sperm count in the seminal vesicle, hatching success, and also increased the metabolic profile of earthworms such as protein, carbohydrate, and lipids in tissues and seminal vesicle. Compared to the other nutritional supplements, the present study result revealed that cow dung and sugarcane bagasse together have a significant positive impact on earthworm growth and reproduction. This study emphasized on the enhancement of the reproductive capacity of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae by incorporating different dietary supplements with the traditional vermicomposting methods. This also helps to analyse the influence of the metabolic profile in the growth and development and even on the reproductive index of the earthworm which is been observed on three different period: 10th, 45th and 90th day of experimentation. In the current research multi output can be ensured by integrating with production of crops, vermicompost, earthworm growth and waste management. This present study also represents that the open dumping of such a huge quantity of dung materials and plant and animal wastes will create environmental pollution and benefits for soil fertility improvement.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oumaima Chater, Lahsen El Ghadraoui, Ahmed Harrach, Smail Aazza
Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. is a Moroccan endemic species well appreciated as a remedy against toothache, digestive disorders, and as a tonic agent for the nervous system. This work aims to select the best solvents for extracting antioxidants and optimize their extraction using a surface mixture design. In this study, eleven solvents with different polarities were screened for their efficiency to extract total phenolic compounds and other molecules endowed with antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and total antioxidant activities. The selected solvent was subjected to response surface methodology using a simplex axial mixture design to optimize the extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants. The results showed a significant influence of solvent nature on extraction. Water, ethanol, chloroform, and methanol were the most effective solvents to achieve good polyphenol yields. The best yield is obtained using the tertiary mixture “water-methanol-ethanol”. The anti-radical activity in A. pyrethrum was significantly influenced by the extraction solvent's nature and the mixture's nature. The percentage of inhibition of DPPH was higher in both extracts obtained with the ternary mixture and binary mixtures “water-methanol” and “water-ethanol”. the best total antioxidant capacity was observed for pure water, followed by binary mixtures including water. This study revealed a good synergetic effect between water and both ethanol and methanol on extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the ternary mixture with the following proportions: water 75%; ethanol 11%; methanol 14% was the most efficient.
{"title":"Extractive optimization of antioxidants and phenolic compounds from Anacyclus pyrethrum","authors":"Oumaima Chater, Lahsen El Ghadraoui, Ahmed Harrach, Smail Aazza","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411616","url":null,"abstract":"Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. is a Moroccan endemic species well appreciated as a remedy against toothache, digestive disorders, and as a tonic agent for the nervous system. This work aims to select the best solvents for extracting antioxidants and optimize their extraction using a surface mixture design. In this study, eleven solvents with different polarities were screened for their efficiency to extract total phenolic compounds and other molecules endowed with antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and total antioxidant activities. The selected solvent was subjected to response surface methodology using a simplex axial mixture design to optimize the extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants. The results showed a significant influence of solvent nature on extraction. Water, ethanol, chloroform, and methanol were the most effective solvents to achieve good polyphenol yields. The best yield is obtained using the tertiary mixture “water-methanol-ethanol”. The anti-radical activity in A. pyrethrum was significantly influenced by the extraction solvent's nature and the mixture's nature. The percentage of inhibition of DPPH was higher in both extracts obtained with the ternary mixture and binary mixtures “water-methanol” and “water-ethanol”. the best total antioxidant capacity was observed for pure water, followed by binary mixtures including water. This study revealed a good synergetic effect between water and both ethanol and methanol on extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the ternary mixture with the following proportions: water 75%; ethanol 11%; methanol 14% was the most efficient.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indo-Pacific Region has a rich diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants. Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) from the Zingiberaceae family in exemplary, is one of the valuable sources for condiment, ornamental and medicinal purposes. This perennial herb can be found growing in clumps of aromatic rhizomes with their distinctive inflorescences, borne on erect stalks and showy bracts. Their torch-like flowers are edible, usually appeared during the second year of cultivation and continuous harvesting is feasible for the flower production. The varieties of torch ginger with pink-color flowers are often cultivated compared to white and red flower varieties due to the market demand. Interestingly, almost every part of this herb produces certain percentages of beneficial phytochemicals. In this review, the botanical aspects of torch ginger as well as their progresses in usage and properties in different forms as fresh, extract and essential oils have been conversing with respect to their plant parts. Major compounds found in torch ginger are phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids. Those compounds correlate with the significant health benefits of torch ginger such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, antihyperuricemic, antiallergic, cytotoxicity, antidiabetic as well as their cosmeceutical potential in skin care application. Moreover, the prominent pharmacological activities of this herb with particular attention to the chemical composition also have been uncovered, suggesting the substantial medicinal benefits of torch ginger.
{"title":"Medicinal potential and health benefits of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior)","authors":"Nor Asiah Ismail, Raihana Ridzuan","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411489","url":null,"abstract":"Indo-Pacific Region has a rich diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants. Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) from the Zingiberaceae family in exemplary, is one of the valuable sources for condiment, ornamental and medicinal purposes. This perennial herb can be found growing in clumps of aromatic rhizomes with their distinctive inflorescences, borne on erect stalks and showy bracts. Their torch-like flowers are edible, usually appeared during the second year of cultivation and continuous harvesting is feasible for the flower production. The varieties of torch ginger with pink-color flowers are often cultivated compared to white and red flower varieties due to the market demand. Interestingly, almost every part of this herb produces certain percentages of beneficial phytochemicals. In this review, the botanical aspects of torch ginger as well as their progresses in usage and properties in different forms as fresh, extract and essential oils have been conversing with respect to their plant parts. Major compounds found in torch ginger are phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids. Those compounds correlate with the significant health benefits of torch ginger such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, antihyperuricemic, antiallergic, cytotoxicity, antidiabetic as well as their cosmeceutical potential in skin care application. Moreover, the prominent pharmacological activities of this herb with particular attention to the chemical composition also have been uncovered, suggesting the substantial medicinal benefits of torch ginger.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"20 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rubus pyrifolius J.E. Smith, one of the Rubus species, has been found in Indonesia and collected in the Cibodas Botanical Garden. Rubus species are known for their diverse triterpenes, each with unique biological functions. This research aimed to analyse the metabolite profiles of R. pyrifolius using n-hexane and methanol solvents. GC-MS analysis was used to identify volatile and semi-volatile compounds in the R. pyrifolius extracts, with compound identification based on NIST 17 through GC/MS mass spectra analysis. The results showed that the total number of identified phytochemical compounds in methanol and n-hexane extracts of R. pyrifolius were 115 and 174, respectively. Methanol extracts from R. pyrifolius flower, young leaf, mature leaf, and young stem exhibited 46, 20, 15, and 34 compounds, respectively. In contrast, n-hexane extracts from R. pyrifolius flower, young leaf, mature leaf, and young stem contained 35, 47, 29, and 63 compounds, respectively. These compounds were classified into seven phytochemical groups: alkanes, alkenes, cyclic ethers, diterpenes, fatty acids, triterpenes, and vitamin E. Furthermore, only carboxylic esters, ergosterols, esters, fatty alcohols, and phenols were found in n-hexane extracts. The methanol extract showed seven significant phytochemical groups, including linolenic acid, phthalate esters, phytol, phytosterol, sterol lipids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids. R. pyrifolius possesses a variety of bioactive phytochemical profiles that are relevant in the field of phytopharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, further research is essential to determine their biological activity.
{"title":"Metabolite profiling of wild underutilized raspberry (Rubus pyrifolius)","authors":"L. Ismaini, Muhammad Imam Surya","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411695","url":null,"abstract":"Rubus pyrifolius J.E. Smith, one of the Rubus species, has been found in Indonesia and collected in the Cibodas Botanical Garden. Rubus species are known for their diverse triterpenes, each with unique biological functions. This research aimed to analyse the metabolite profiles of R. pyrifolius using n-hexane and methanol solvents. GC-MS analysis was used to identify volatile and semi-volatile compounds in the R. pyrifolius extracts, with compound identification based on NIST 17 through GC/MS mass spectra analysis. The results showed that the total number of identified phytochemical compounds in methanol and n-hexane extracts of R. pyrifolius were 115 and 174, respectively. Methanol extracts from R. pyrifolius flower, young leaf, mature leaf, and young stem exhibited 46, 20, 15, and 34 compounds, respectively. In contrast, n-hexane extracts from R. pyrifolius flower, young leaf, mature leaf, and young stem contained 35, 47, 29, and 63 compounds, respectively. These compounds were classified into seven phytochemical groups: alkanes, alkenes, cyclic ethers, diterpenes, fatty acids, triterpenes, and vitamin E. Furthermore, only carboxylic esters, ergosterols, esters, fatty alcohols, and phenols were found in n-hexane extracts. The methanol extract showed seven significant phytochemical groups, including linolenic acid, phthalate esters, phytol, phytosterol, sterol lipids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids. R. pyrifolius possesses a variety of bioactive phytochemical profiles that are relevant in the field of phytopharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, further research is essential to determine their biological activity.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：