Huda E. Mahood, Ali Amer Dahham, Virginia Sarropoulou, Thiresia-Teresa Tzatzani
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most expensive spice in the world and rich in a variety of bioactive compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and vitamins. Saffron is used in food, cosmetics, perfumery, and dye industries due to its color, taste, aroma, and medicinal properties. The extraction of bioactive compounds imposes a constant search for economically and environmentally viable extraction strategies for higher yields including the solvent type. The research was carried out to evaluate total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of C. sativus L. anthers using different extraction solvents including ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The results showed that ethanol was the most effective extraction solvent type exhibiting the highest TPC (7.29 mg GAE g-1 DW), TFC (3.77 mg QE g-1 DW), and antioxidant activity of flavonoids (88%) and ascorbic acid (76.07%). Flavonoids proved to be stronger antioxidants than ascorbic acid, irrespective of solvent type, however the ethanolic extracts showed significantly higher antioxidant activity. A Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method revealed that gallic acid (3.1 mg g-1), syringic acid (0.2 mg g-1), and vanillic acid (0.13 mg g-1) were the main phenolic compounds detected in the dried anther ethanolic extracts, while quercetin (2.13 mg g-1), pyrogallol (1.73 mg g-1), kaempferol (1.2 mg g-1), rutin (0.2 mg g-1), and tricin (0.1 mg g-1) the main flavonoid compounds. Thus, apart from the spice, constituted by the red stigmas, the production of other flower parts such as the anthers, so far considered agricultural waste can constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds of high antioxidant potential by setting quality standards for new products’ development and ensuring better valorization of saffron’s bioresidues in Mashhad region of Iran.
{"title":"Extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and evaluation of their antioxidant activity in saffron anthers (Crocus sativus L.)","authors":"Huda E. Mahood, Ali Amer Dahham, Virginia Sarropoulou, Thiresia-Teresa Tzatzani","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411640","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most expensive spice in the world and rich in a variety of bioactive compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and vitamins. Saffron is used in food, cosmetics, perfumery, and dye industries due to its color, taste, aroma, and medicinal properties. The extraction of bioactive compounds imposes a constant search for economically and environmentally viable extraction strategies for higher yields including the solvent type. The research was carried out to evaluate total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of C. sativus L. anthers using different extraction solvents including ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The results showed that ethanol was the most effective extraction solvent type exhibiting the highest TPC (7.29 mg GAE g-1 DW), TFC (3.77 mg QE g-1 DW), and antioxidant activity of flavonoids (88%) and ascorbic acid (76.07%). Flavonoids proved to be stronger antioxidants than ascorbic acid, irrespective of solvent type, however the ethanolic extracts showed significantly higher antioxidant activity. A Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method revealed that gallic acid (3.1 mg g-1), syringic acid (0.2 mg g-1), and vanillic acid (0.13 mg g-1) were the main phenolic compounds detected in the dried anther ethanolic extracts, while quercetin (2.13 mg g-1), pyrogallol (1.73 mg g-1), kaempferol (1.2 mg g-1), rutin (0.2 mg g-1), and tricin (0.1 mg g-1) the main flavonoid compounds. Thus, apart from the spice, constituted by the red stigmas, the production of other flower parts such as the anthers, so far considered agricultural waste can constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds of high antioxidant potential by setting quality standards for new products’ development and ensuring better valorization of saffron’s bioresidues in Mashhad region of Iran.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Said Rammali, Mohamed El Aalaoui, M. Sbaghi, Khadija Dari, B. Bencharki, Abdelhamid Azeroual, A. Khattabi
Destructive damages caused by Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) to cactus worldwide require an ecofriendly IPM approach. Streptomyces sp. produce wide range of biologically active secondary metabolites that can be an interesting alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control, as they are less toxic and easily biodegradable. The efficacy of dichloromethane extracts of four Moroccan Streptomyces sp. strains: Streptomyces bellus- E23-2, Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9, Streptomyces africanus- E23-3, and Streptomyces bellus- E25-12 (applied at 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20 mg mL-1) against D. opuntiae nymphs and adult females was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that Streptomyces bellus- E23-2 and Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9 dichloromethane extracts applied at 20 mg mL-1 were more effective, causing higher mortality against nymphs (92% and 91%, respectively) and adult females (90% and 95%, respectively) after 8 days of exposure, resulting in an LT50 value of 3.0 days (nymph), and 3.0 and 6.0 days (adult female), respectively. Streptomyces bellus- E25-12 extract had the lowest mortalities [88% (nymph) and 68% (adult female)]. In greenhouse experiment, the highest first instar nymph mortality was achieved by Streptomyces bellus- E23-2 (55.5%) and Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9 (50.5%) dichloromethane extracts at 20 mg mL-1. The metabolites found in dichloromethane extracts of Streptomyces bellus- E23-2 and Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9 show considerable potential to be used in the development of new biopesticide formulations for use in integrated pest management programs against D. opuntiae.
{"title":"Insecticidal potential of Streptomyces sp. dichloromethane extracts against the cactus cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell)","authors":"Said Rammali, Mohamed El Aalaoui, M. Sbaghi, Khadija Dari, B. Bencharki, Abdelhamid Azeroual, A. Khattabi","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411574","url":null,"abstract":"Destructive damages caused by Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) to cactus worldwide require an ecofriendly IPM approach. Streptomyces sp. produce wide range of biologically active secondary metabolites that can be an interesting alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control, as they are less toxic and easily biodegradable. The efficacy of dichloromethane extracts of four Moroccan Streptomyces sp. strains: Streptomyces bellus- E23-2, Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9, Streptomyces africanus- E23-3, and Streptomyces bellus- E25-12 (applied at 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20 mg mL-1) against D. opuntiae nymphs and adult females was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that Streptomyces bellus- E23-2 and Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9 dichloromethane extracts applied at 20 mg mL-1 were more effective, causing higher mortality against nymphs (92% and 91%, respectively) and adult females (90% and 95%, respectively) after 8 days of exposure, resulting in an LT50 value of 3.0 days (nymph), and 3.0 and 6.0 days (adult female), respectively. Streptomyces bellus- E25-12 extract had the lowest mortalities [88% (nymph) and 68% (adult female)]. In greenhouse experiment, the highest first instar nymph mortality was achieved by Streptomyces bellus- E23-2 (55.5%) and Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9 (50.5%) dichloromethane extracts at 20 mg mL-1. The metabolites found in dichloromethane extracts of Streptomyces bellus- E23-2 and Streptomyces galilaeus- E23-9 show considerable potential to be used in the development of new biopesticide formulations for use in integrated pest management programs against D. opuntiae.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"EM-31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amina Dellali, Faiza Boublenza, H. Zadi-Karam, N. Karam
The objective of this study is to characterize and attempt to purify lipolytic enzymes derived from strains of Enterococcus and Lactococcus genera isolated from various environments. For this purpose, ten strains of lactic acid bacteria were studied for their lipolytic and esterasic activities on an MRS (Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium containing natural and/or artificial lipid substrates. Among them, two strains: Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris showed maximum extracellular lipolytic activity in the presence of 1% olive oil. It was observed that both strains exhibited higher lipolytic activity at pH 7 and 8, with an optimal temperature of 30 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Glucose was found to be the best carbon source for both tested strains. The study of growth kinetics and fatty acid production over time revealed that fatty acid production begins during the exponential phase and reaches its maximum during the stationary phase. The purification of tributyrinesterases was carried out on two strains of Enterococcus genus: Enterococcus feacium and Enterococcus durans through ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography allowed the estimation of the molecular weight of the tributyrinesterases as 32.09 kDa and 38.49 kDa for both strains, respectively.
{"title":"Characterization of lipases and preliminary purification of tributyrinesterases from lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the Enterococcus and Lactococcus genera","authors":"Amina Dellali, Faiza Boublenza, H. Zadi-Karam, N. Karam","doi":"10.55779/nsb15411634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411634","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to characterize and attempt to purify lipolytic enzymes derived from strains of Enterococcus and Lactococcus genera isolated from various environments. For this purpose, ten strains of lactic acid bacteria were studied for their lipolytic and esterasic activities on an MRS (Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium containing natural and/or artificial lipid substrates. Among them, two strains: Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris showed maximum extracellular lipolytic activity in the presence of 1% olive oil. It was observed that both strains exhibited higher lipolytic activity at pH 7 and 8, with an optimal temperature of 30 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Glucose was found to be the best carbon source for both tested strains. The study of growth kinetics and fatty acid production over time revealed that fatty acid production begins during the exponential phase and reaches its maximum during the stationary phase. The purification of tributyrinesterases was carried out on two strains of Enterococcus genus: Enterococcus feacium and Enterococcus durans through ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography allowed the estimation of the molecular weight of the tributyrinesterases as 32.09 kDa and 38.49 kDa for both strains, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 3, Volume 15, 2023: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting research or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Acute oral toxicity of Cannabis sativa L. co-products in mice; Modulation of antioxidant activities, markers of hepatic and renal dysfunctions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by Combretum dolichopetalum; Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Marrubium vulgare L. collected in three development stages; Comparison of different drying methods for phytochemical quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.); Evaluation of reproduction biology of Prunus cerasoides; Edible mushrooms – perspectives and considerations; Production of an important antidiabetic compound mangiferin through elicitation in Salacia chinensis under in vivo condition; Analysis of the antibacterial potentials of the leaf extracts of selected medicinal plants against pathogenic bacterial strains; Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost.; Extraction of nutrients from Rumex vesicarius, a wild indigenous edible plant from United Arab Emirates; Effects of pre-harvest chitosan application on growth parameters and total phenolic - antioxidant contents of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.).
《Notulae Scientia Biologicae》(http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro)，第3期，第15卷，2023年:这期发表的论文代表了生命科学不同主题的有趣的新奇事物。在令人兴奋的研究或评论中，我们邀请读者找到以下新闻:大麻L.副产物对小鼠的急性口服毒性;四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠抗氧化活性及肝肾功能指标的调节作用3个发育阶段采集的凡黄植物化学筛选、总酚含量及抗氧化活性研究不同干燥方法对甜菊糖植物化学品质的影响桃李生殖生物学评价研究食用菌——展望与思考;芒萁在体内诱导生产重要抗糖尿病化合物芒果苷的研究部分药用植物叶提取物对病原菌的抑菌活性分析金针叶和金针叶植物化学指纹图谱及其抗血栓特性的硅质评价阿拉伯联合酋长国本土野生可食植物水仙花的营养成分提取采前施用壳聚糖对苦瓜生长参数及总酚类抗氧化剂含量的影响。
{"title":"Introduction pages, Notulae Scientia Biologicae 15(3), 2023","authors":"Radu E. SESTRAS","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311732","url":null,"abstract":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 3, Volume 15, 2023: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting research or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Acute oral toxicity of Cannabis sativa L. co-products in mice; Modulation of antioxidant activities, markers of hepatic and renal dysfunctions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by Combretum dolichopetalum; Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Marrubium vulgare L. collected in three development stages; Comparison of different drying methods for phytochemical quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.); Evaluation of reproduction biology of Prunus cerasoides; Edible mushrooms – perspectives and considerations; Production of an important antidiabetic compound mangiferin through elicitation in Salacia chinensis under in vivo condition; Analysis of the antibacterial potentials of the leaf extracts of selected medicinal plants against pathogenic bacterial strains; Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost.; Extraction of nutrients from Rumex vesicarius, a wild indigenous edible plant from United Arab Emirates; Effects of pre-harvest chitosan application on growth parameters and total phenolic - antioxidant contents of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.).","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoubida BENTAMRA, Housna MEDJEDDED, Saïd NEMMICHE, Mohammed BENKHELIFA, Danilo R. DOS SANTOS
Increasing nutrient inputs affect plants and soil. Long-term, repeated mineral fertilizer applications may alter the agro-ecosystem. The application of the right amount of fertilizer is primordial to maintaining and improving sustainable plant productivity. The physiological response of the plant provides meaningful information on yield and makes it possible to better choose the doses of fertilization amendments. In order to determine the adequate dose of NPK fertilizer under economically profitable and more environmentally sustainable conditions, we investigated the impact of the chemical fertilizer amended at different NPK fertilizer doses (15, 20, and 25 kg ha-1) on the growth parameters, oxidative metabolism, and yield of Solanum lycopersicum. A complete random block experimental set-up with three doses and four replicates was performed for a greenhouse tomato crop. The results showed that NPK fertilizer influences morphological parameters, and phenolic compounds with the best data correlated to the medium treatment. Likewise, the content of flavonoids, lycopene, and β-carotene in tomato fruits displays a similar trend of variation with all treatment doses. The biochemical responses of plants to mineral fertilizer indicate that a medium dose is suitable, without overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, to reduce the negative impact on the agro-ecosystem.
增加养分投入会影响植物和土壤。长期重复施用矿肥可能会改变农业生态系统。施用适量的肥料是维持和提高植物可持续生产力的基础。植物的生理反应为产量提供了有意义的信息，并为更好地选择施肥剂量提供了可能。为了确定在经济效益和环境可持续发展的条件下适宜的氮磷钾施用剂量，本研究研究了不同氮磷钾施用剂量(15、20和25 kg hm -1)对茄生长参数、氧化代谢和产量的影响。采用三次给药、四次重复的完全随机区组试验方法，对某温室番茄作物进行了试验。结果表明，氮磷钾对水稻形态参数和酚类化合物的影响与培养基处理相关的数据最好。同样，番茄果实中黄酮类化合物、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素的含量在不同处理剂量下也表现出相似的变化趋势。植物对矿肥的生化反应表明，在不过量使用化肥和农药的情况下，施用中剂量矿肥可以减少对农业生态系统的负面影响。
{"title":"Effect of NPK fertilizer on the biochemical response of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Zoubida BENTAMRA, Housna MEDJEDDED, Saïd NEMMICHE, Mohammed BENKHELIFA, Danilo R. DOS SANTOS","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311516","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing nutrient inputs affect plants and soil. Long-term, repeated mineral fertilizer applications may alter the agro-ecosystem. The application of the right amount of fertilizer is primordial to maintaining and improving sustainable plant productivity. The physiological response of the plant provides meaningful information on yield and makes it possible to better choose the doses of fertilization amendments. In order to determine the adequate dose of NPK fertilizer under economically profitable and more environmentally sustainable conditions, we investigated the impact of the chemical fertilizer amended at different NPK fertilizer doses (15, 20, and 25 kg ha-1) on the growth parameters, oxidative metabolism, and yield of Solanum lycopersicum. A complete random block experimental set-up with three doses and four replicates was performed for a greenhouse tomato crop. The results showed that NPK fertilizer influences morphological parameters, and phenolic compounds with the best data correlated to the medium treatment. Likewise, the content of flavonoids, lycopene, and β-carotene in tomato fruits displays a similar trend of variation with all treatment doses. The biochemical responses of plants to mineral fertilizer indicate that a medium dose is suitable, without overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, to reduce the negative impact on the agro-ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reem A.S. ALKAABI, Hasan H. BANI MATAR, Kandhan KARTHISHWARAN, Zienab F.R. AHMED, Shyam KURUP, Mohammed SALEM ALYAFEI, Abdul JALEEL
In the present study, an attempt has been done to explore the phytochemicals and proximate compositions from an edible plant Rumex vesicarius, which is found in the wild habitats in United Arab Emirates. Extracts were prepared from the dried powder of the areal parts of the plant using methanol as solvent in Soxhlet. The extract was tested for phytochemicals and also studied for the proximate composition. The antioxidant power of the extract was determined by using four different assays (ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity). The results revealed that the extracts contain phytochemicals, which can be used as effective radical scavengers. The antioxidant activities were highly significant in the extract, which shows that this plant has high potential to be used in traditional and alternative medical systems. The present information would be of helpful for the future isolation and pharmacologically active compound identification from this plant.
{"title":"Extraction of nutrients from Rumex vesicarius, a wild indigenous edible plant from United Arab Emirates","authors":"Reem A.S. ALKAABI, Hasan H. BANI MATAR, Kandhan KARTHISHWARAN, Zienab F.R. AHMED, Shyam KURUP, Mohammed SALEM ALYAFEI, Abdul JALEEL","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311658","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, an attempt has been done to explore the phytochemicals and proximate compositions from an edible plant Rumex vesicarius, which is found in the wild habitats in United Arab Emirates. Extracts were prepared from the dried powder of the areal parts of the plant using methanol as solvent in Soxhlet. The extract was tested for phytochemicals and also studied for the proximate composition. The antioxidant power of the extract was determined by using four different assays (ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity). The results revealed that the extracts contain phytochemicals, which can be used as effective radical scavengers. The antioxidant activities were highly significant in the extract, which shows that this plant has high potential to be used in traditional and alternative medical systems. The present information would be of helpful for the future isolation and pharmacologically active compound identification from this plant.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebenezer O. DADA, Simeon O. NWANI, Sekinat M. YUSUFF, Yusuf O. BALOGUN
The adverse effects of chemical pesticides have continued to drive the search for safe, biological alternatives. Studies on biopesticide potential of earthworm casts have remained largely limited to those of temperate earthworms. We evaluated the insect pest repellency and growth-promoting potential of tropical earthworm-derived vermicast tea on the seedlings of Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Zea mays (maize) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). Field-sourced earthworm casts were soaked in water for 48 hours, routinely stirred every 6 hours, and filtered through a fine mesh cloth. The filtrate was the vermicast tea. Seedlings grown in garden soil were sprayed with vermicast tea every four days. The seedlings were monitored for insect pest-induced leaf damage and growth performance for 5 weeks. Vermicast tea exhibited insect pest repellency effect on groundnut and bean seedlings, as evidenced by the significantly lower (p<0.01) insect pest attack on the treated seedlings, as against the untreated that recorded high pest infestations. However, leaf damage was relatively low in maize seedlings, and the differences in percentage leaf damage among the treated and untreated were not significant (p>0.05). The effect of vermicast tea on the physical growth of seedlings was positive, but marginal. This result calls for increased research on tropical earthworms.
{"title":"Biopesticide and biofertilizer potential of tropical earthworm vermicast tea","authors":"Ebenezer O. DADA, Simeon O. NWANI, Sekinat M. YUSUFF, Yusuf O. BALOGUN","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311343","url":null,"abstract":"The adverse effects of chemical pesticides have continued to drive the search for safe, biological alternatives. Studies on biopesticide potential of earthworm casts have remained largely limited to those of temperate earthworms. We evaluated the insect pest repellency and growth-promoting potential of tropical earthworm-derived vermicast tea on the seedlings of Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Zea mays (maize) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). Field-sourced earthworm casts were soaked in water for 48 hours, routinely stirred every 6 hours, and filtered through a fine mesh cloth. The filtrate was the vermicast tea. Seedlings grown in garden soil were sprayed with vermicast tea every four days. The seedlings were monitored for insect pest-induced leaf damage and growth performance for 5 weeks. Vermicast tea exhibited insect pest repellency effect on groundnut and bean seedlings, as evidenced by the significantly lower (p<0.01) insect pest attack on the treated seedlings, as against the untreated that recorded high pest infestations. However, leaf damage was relatively low in maize seedlings, and the differences in percentage leaf damage among the treated and untreated were not significant (p>0.05). The effect of vermicast tea on the physical growth of seedlings was positive, but marginal. This result calls for increased research on tropical earthworms.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salinity is one of the major constraints limiting plant productivity. Understanding the mechanism of salinity tolerance is a necessary step for improving crops yield in saline conditions. Eutrema salsugineum is a halophyte species and plant model for salinity tolerance mechanism study. Therefore, we studied the ability of E. salsugineum plants for their antioxidant response to 400 mM NaCl treatment. Changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tocopherol contents, and kinetics of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities were investigated. Results shows that, although increasing in the beginning of the salt treatment, the fast decrease in H2O2 and MDA levels afterwhile indicates the ability of E. salsugineum to alleviate oxidative damage and to maintain membrane integrity. Together, with the increase of tocopherol contents, the high enzymatic activity of CAT, SOD and POD reflect the highly efficient antioxidant response of E. salsugineum.
盐度是限制植物生产力的主要制约因素之一。了解耐盐机理是提高盐碱条件下作物产量的必要步骤。盐真草(Eutrema salsugineum)是一种盐生植物，也是研究耐盐机理的植物模型。因此，我们研究了沙棘草植株对400 mM NaCl处理的抗氧化反应能力。研究了过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)和生育酚含量的变化以及过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的动力学。结果表明，盐处理初期H2O2和MDA含量呈上升趋势，但处理后H2O2和MDA含量呈快速下降趋势，表明盐处理后salsugineum具有减轻氧化损伤和维持膜完整性的能力。随着生育酚含量的增加，CAT、SOD和POD的高酶活性反映了沙棘草高效的抗氧化反应。
{"title":"Short-term changes in antioxidant response of Eutrema salsugineum exposed to severe salinity","authors":"Hasna ELLOUZI, Mokded RABHI, Mohsen HANANA","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311558","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the major constraints limiting plant productivity. Understanding the mechanism of salinity tolerance is a necessary step for improving crops yield in saline conditions. Eutrema salsugineum is a halophyte species and plant model for salinity tolerance mechanism study. Therefore, we studied the ability of E. salsugineum plants for their antioxidant response to 400 mM NaCl treatment. Changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tocopherol contents, and kinetics of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities were investigated. Results shows that, although increasing in the beginning of the salt treatment, the fast decrease in H2O2 and MDA levels afterwhile indicates the ability of E. salsugineum to alleviate oxidative damage and to maintain membrane integrity. Together, with the increase of tocopherol contents, the high enzymatic activity of CAT, SOD and POD reflect the highly efficient antioxidant response of E. salsugineum.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ikenna O. EZEH, Chijioke N. IHEAGWAM, Chukunonso F. OBI, Michael I. OKPALA, Ganiyu E. ANERU, Charles O. AGBAEZE, Romanus C. EZEOKONKWO, Denchris ONAH
The effect of treatment time on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei was assessed. The thirty albino rats utilized in this study were divided into six groups, each with five rats. Group 1 rats were uninfected while those in groups 2 - 6 were inoculated intraperitoneally with 106 trypanosomes. Group 2 rats were left untreated while groups 3 - 6 rats were treated respectively on days 5, 8, 11 and 14 post infection (PI) with 1.0 mg/kg Securidium® (brand of isometamidium chloride) intraperitoneally. Level of parasitaemia, rectal temperature, clinical signs, haematological indices (packed cell volume and total leucocyte count) and survivability were used to evaluate the treatment time on the efficacy of Securidium®. Pre-patent period was 4 - 5 days. On days 4, 5, and 11 following the treatments (PT), the parasites were eliminated in the treated groups 3 - 6 respectively. Also, two rats relapsed in group 3 from 37 days PT with 20% mortality, whereas groups 4 - 6 rats relapsed from days 19, 16 and 21 PT respectively. Groups 4 - 6 rats had 40%, 60% and 80% mortalities respectively. The mean PCV and TLC showed a striking drop (p<0.05) PI, however, group 3 had a better result PT compared to other infected-treated groups. In conclusion, it is safe to say that treatment time is a significant determinant of therapeutic efficacy in trypanosomosis, as early treatment group had better overall indices of therapeutic efficacy than the late treatment groups.
{"title":"Effect of time of treatment on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei","authors":"Ikenna O. EZEH, Chijioke N. IHEAGWAM, Chukunonso F. OBI, Michael I. OKPALA, Ganiyu E. ANERU, Charles O. AGBAEZE, Romanus C. EZEOKONKWO, Denchris ONAH","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311556","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of treatment time on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei was assessed. The thirty albino rats utilized in this study were divided into six groups, each with five rats. Group 1 rats were uninfected while those in groups 2 - 6 were inoculated intraperitoneally with 106 trypanosomes. Group 2 rats were left untreated while groups 3 - 6 rats were treated respectively on days 5, 8, 11 and 14 post infection (PI) with 1.0 mg/kg Securidium® (brand of isometamidium chloride) intraperitoneally. Level of parasitaemia, rectal temperature, clinical signs, haematological indices (packed cell volume and total leucocyte count) and survivability were used to evaluate the treatment time on the efficacy of Securidium®. Pre-patent period was 4 - 5 days. On days 4, 5, and 11 following the treatments (PT), the parasites were eliminated in the treated groups 3 - 6 respectively. Also, two rats relapsed in group 3 from 37 days PT with 20% mortality, whereas groups 4 - 6 rats relapsed from days 19, 16 and 21 PT respectively. Groups 4 - 6 rats had 40%, 60% and 80% mortalities respectively. The mean PCV and TLC showed a striking drop (p<0.05) PI, however, group 3 had a better result PT compared to other infected-treated groups. In conclusion, it is safe to say that treatment time is a significant determinant of therapeutic efficacy in trypanosomosis, as early treatment group had better overall indices of therapeutic efficacy than the late treatment groups.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine the frequency of dysmenorrhea, its properties and its impact, behaviour of adolescents in the District of Constantine, and to explore the relationship between dysmenorrhea and several presumed risk factors. A cross-sectional study was employed in 562 adolescent girls. A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to the adolescents. The severity of dysmenorrhea pain was assessed by visual analogy scale. Data were obtained and analysed using SPSS version 22. In the sample, the frequency of dysmenorrhea was 89.7%. In 55.6% of cases the pains appeared after the 1st year of menstruation. The mean intensity of pain was 5.64 + 3.02. Of all adolescents experiencing dysmenorrhea, 51.2% reported moderate pain. 58.7% reported the duration of their menstrual pain as 24 hours or less. 47.30% experienced pain most at onset of menses. A variety of signs were reported mostly nervousness (65.6%), headache (45.9%); depressed mood (35.8%) and painful breast (32.4%). 89.7% reported missing. Only 12.4% of the adolescents consulted a doctor for their dysmenorrhea; 44.7% used a medical prescription and self-medication. The most common medications used were Paracetamol, Phloroglucinol and Diclofenac potassium. 74.5% used herbal treatment to manage their dysmenorrhea. The results show that risk factors that showed significant association with pain severity were family history, duration of menstrual period, nature of menstrual flow and the psychological profile. The frequency of dysmenorrhea among the District of Constantine is high, and the pain that these adolescents suffer can be severe, disabling. Our results suggest that family history, duration and nature of menstrual flow and the psychological profile are important risk factors associated with dysmenorrhea.
{"title":"Primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents in the District of Constantine, Algeria","authors":"Nousseiba ABED, Hadjer MARZOUG, Kenza BOUGHAMBOUZ","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311633","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the frequency of dysmenorrhea, its properties and its impact, behaviour of adolescents in the District of Constantine, and to explore the relationship between dysmenorrhea and several presumed risk factors. A cross-sectional study was employed in 562 adolescent girls. A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to the adolescents. The severity of dysmenorrhea pain was assessed by visual analogy scale. Data were obtained and analysed using SPSS version 22. In the sample, the frequency of dysmenorrhea was 89.7%. In 55.6% of cases the pains appeared after the 1st year of menstruation. The mean intensity of pain was 5.64 + 3.02. Of all adolescents experiencing dysmenorrhea, 51.2% reported moderate pain. 58.7% reported the duration of their menstrual pain as 24 hours or less. 47.30% experienced pain most at onset of menses. A variety of signs were reported mostly nervousness (65.6%), headache (45.9%); depressed mood (35.8%) and painful breast (32.4%). 89.7% reported missing. Only 12.4% of the adolescents consulted a doctor for their dysmenorrhea; 44.7% used a medical prescription and self-medication. The most common medications used were Paracetamol, Phloroglucinol and Diclofenac potassium. 74.5% used herbal treatment to manage their dysmenorrhea. The results show that risk factors that showed significant association with pain severity were family history, duration of menstrual period, nature of menstrual flow and the psychological profile. The frequency of dysmenorrhea among the District of Constantine is high, and the pain that these adolescents suffer can be severe, disabling. Our results suggest that family history, duration and nature of menstrual flow and the psychological profile are important risk factors associated with dysmenorrhea.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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