Pumpkin, a member of the Cucurbitaceae plant family is an underutilized crop in Nigeria. This plant requires minimal agronomic input to produce optimal yield and it is drought tolerant. However, due to preservation, the fruit does not remain biochemically the same. What happens to squash stored for months after harvesting at room temperature needs to be examined from nutritional point of view. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of storage at ambient temperature and relative humidity on selected vitamins (A, C, and E), and the proximate (crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, and carbohydrate) in the green and orange morphotypes of pumpkin fruit. Pumpkins harvested in 2015 were stored for 4 months (January to April) and nutritional parameters evaluated monthly using standard assays. The results showed that the vitamin A content did not change significantly (P<0.05) over the storage period and morphotypes while the vitamin C and vitamin E contents decreased by 15% and 18%, respectively, when comparing the 1st and 4th months of storage. Crude protein and fat content decreased significantly over the storage period. However, crude fiber and ash increased in storage time. Except for crude fiber, the two morphotypes behaved similarly over the storage period. Remarkably, vitamin A concentrations in squash did not change after harvest, and some of the nutrients studied were not significantly affected during the first 4 months of storage. This information is especially important for people in rural areas limited in modern ways of storing fruit vegetable after harvest.
{"title":"The influences of storage period and morphotypes on the proximate and selected vitamins of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) fruits","authors":"Funmilayo M. OLOYEDE, Ayomide G. OGUNSINA","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311441","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin, a member of the Cucurbitaceae plant family is an underutilized crop in Nigeria. This plant requires minimal agronomic input to produce optimal yield and it is drought tolerant. However, due to preservation, the fruit does not remain biochemically the same. What happens to squash stored for months after harvesting at room temperature needs to be examined from nutritional point of view. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of storage at ambient temperature and relative humidity on selected vitamins (A, C, and E), and the proximate (crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, and carbohydrate) in the green and orange morphotypes of pumpkin fruit. Pumpkins harvested in 2015 were stored for 4 months (January to April) and nutritional parameters evaluated monthly using standard assays. The results showed that the vitamin A content did not change significantly (P<0.05) over the storage period and morphotypes while the vitamin C and vitamin E contents decreased by 15% and 18%, respectively, when comparing the 1st and 4th months of storage. Crude protein and fat content decreased significantly over the storage period. However, crude fiber and ash increased in storage time. Except for crude fiber, the two morphotypes behaved similarly over the storage period. Remarkably, vitamin A concentrations in squash did not change after harvest, and some of the nutrients studied were not significantly affected during the first 4 months of storage. This information is especially important for people in rural areas limited in modern ways of storing fruit vegetable after harvest.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) plant is cultivated for both culinary and medicinal purposes in the world due to its valuable benefits for health-promoting properties. The current study aimed to reveal the effects of chitosan applied at three different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm) in three different treatments with 21 days intervals on growth parameters and total phenolic and antioxidant contents of bitter gourd. The findings of the study demonstrated that the foliar treatment with 100 ppm chitosan at the second and third treatments had positive effects on the majority of growth parameters examined and on increasing total phenol and antioxidants in bitter gourd. As a result, chitosan could be a possible substance to be used to enhance bitter gourd plants’ growth and development as well as in several industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals and agriculture.
{"title":"Effects of pre-harvest chitosan application on growth parameters and total phenolic - antioxidant contents of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)","authors":"Tugce OZSAN KILIC, Ahmet Naci ONUS","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311652","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) plant is cultivated for both culinary and medicinal purposes in the world due to its valuable benefits for health-promoting properties. The current study aimed to reveal the effects of chitosan applied at three different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm) in three different treatments with 21 days intervals on growth parameters and total phenolic and antioxidant contents of bitter gourd. The findings of the study demonstrated that the foliar treatment with 100 ppm chitosan at the second and third treatments had positive effects on the majority of growth parameters examined and on increasing total phenol and antioxidants in bitter gourd. As a result, chitosan could be a possible substance to be used to enhance bitter gourd plants’ growth and development as well as in several industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals and agriculture.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants render herbal remedies for human ailments and hence prevail over traditional healthcare practices. This study has analysed the antibacterial potential of the leaf extracts of four selected medicinal plants namely, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Biophytum sensitivum, and Mimosa pudica, using Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Six bacterial species, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Brevibacillus choshinensis were used to assess the growth inhibitory potentials of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the selected plant leaves. The study revealed that the leaf extract of B. sensitivum had the most pronounced antibacterial potential, followed by A. indica and O. tenuiflorum. The least inhibitory potential was showed by the extracts of M. pudica. The findings of the investigation state that the aqueous extract had more consistent antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extracts, confirming that the antibacterial agents present in these leaf extracts are hydrophilic in nature. In terms of growth inhibition, the susceptibility of the pathogenic, virulent strains of bacteria toward these extracts was found comparatively lower than that of the non-virulent, environmental bacteria. With the aqueous extracts, A. baumannii was found to be the most susceptible bacterial species while E. coli was the most resistant. With the ethanolic extracts, E. coli was found to be the most susceptible and B. subtilis the least. The current study supports the usage of the screened medicinal plants in alternative medical practices, as a measure to avoid opportunistic infections by environmental bacteria.
{"title":"Analysis of the antibacterial potentials of the leaf extracts of selected medicinal plants against pathogenic bacterial strains","authors":"Sneha ASHA, Devi RADHAKRISHNAN RADHAMONI","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311575","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants render herbal remedies for human ailments and hence prevail over traditional healthcare practices. This study has analysed the antibacterial potential of the leaf extracts of four selected medicinal plants namely, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Biophytum sensitivum, and Mimosa pudica, using Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Six bacterial species, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Brevibacillus choshinensis were used to assess the growth inhibitory potentials of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the selected plant leaves. The study revealed that the leaf extract of B. sensitivum had the most pronounced antibacterial potential, followed by A. indica and O. tenuiflorum. The least inhibitory potential was showed by the extracts of M. pudica. The findings of the investigation state that the aqueous extract had more consistent antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extracts, confirming that the antibacterial agents present in these leaf extracts are hydrophilic in nature. In terms of growth inhibition, the susceptibility of the pathogenic, virulent strains of bacteria toward these extracts was found comparatively lower than that of the non-virulent, environmental bacteria. With the aqueous extracts, A. baumannii was found to be the most susceptible bacterial species while E. coli was the most resistant. With the ethanolic extracts, E. coli was found to be the most susceptible and B. subtilis the least. The current study supports the usage of the screened medicinal plants in alternative medical practices, as a measure to avoid opportunistic infections by environmental bacteria.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to characterize hydro-methanolic (25%) extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (stem and flower) and Cordia dichotoma Frost. (Stem and fruit) and evaluate the in silico thrombolytic properties of the major phytocompounds present in the plants. In the preliminary fluorescence imaging through treatment by different reagents, both plants were found to be pharmacologically active. Further qualitative screening of phytochemicals, spectroscopy-based techniques, namely, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FTIR, revealed various classes of compounds such as polyacetylenes, aglycones, quercetin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, chalcones and aurones, flavanols, carotenoids, and flavanones. Further, by the application of Thin Layer Chromatography, phenols and flavonoids, namely Catechol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Lutein, along with other compounds like Chlorophyll b, Glutamic Acid, and Tryptophan were identified from the extracts. Finally, in the molecular docking study, three compounds, Datiscoside and Robinin of C. dichotoma and Daucosterol of J. adhatoda showed high binding energies (-10.224, -9.547 and -9.262 kcal mol-1 respectively) towards the G-protein coupled thrombotic platelet aggregation receptor P2Y1 when compared to that of the control MRS2500 (-7.148 kcal mol-1).
{"title":"Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost.","authors":"Annika Maria PAUL, Anish NAG","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311625","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to characterize hydro-methanolic (25%) extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (stem and flower) and Cordia dichotoma Frost. (Stem and fruit) and evaluate the in silico thrombolytic properties of the major phytocompounds present in the plants. In the preliminary fluorescence imaging through treatment by different reagents, both plants were found to be pharmacologically active. Further qualitative screening of phytochemicals, spectroscopy-based techniques, namely, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FTIR, revealed various classes of compounds such as polyacetylenes, aglycones, quercetin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, chalcones and aurones, flavanols, carotenoids, and flavanones. Further, by the application of Thin Layer Chromatography, phenols and flavonoids, namely Catechol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Lutein, along with other compounds like Chlorophyll b, Glutamic Acid, and Tryptophan were identified from the extracts. Finally, in the molecular docking study, three compounds, Datiscoside and Robinin of C. dichotoma and Daucosterol of J. adhatoda showed high binding energies (-10.224, -9.547 and -9.262 kcal mol-1 respectively) towards the G-protein coupled thrombotic platelet aggregation receptor P2Y1 when compared to that of the control MRS2500 (-7.148 kcal mol-1).","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harichandra A. NIKULE, Tukaram D. NIKAM, Harshad A. SHIRKE, Vikas A. SULE, Archana A. NAIK, Mahesh Y. BORDE
Salacia chinensis L. (Celastraceae) is an important antidiabetic and anticancer plant. Mangiferin is a principal bioactive component of this plant and is well known for important antidiabetic and anticancer properties. The objectives of the present study were to examine the accumulation of mangiferin in S. chinensis grown under in vivo conditions, upon application of abiotic (NaCl and salicylic acid) and biotic elicitors (mycorrhiza, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal endophytes (Cladosporium tenuissimum and Trichoderma atroviride). The present study shows that bioactive metabolite accumulation was recorded in all tested plant parts. Significantly, mangiferin content was more elevated in treated plant parts as compared to non-treated ones. NaCl treated plant had higher production of mangiferin than other treatments. Mangiferin content was higher at 50 mM NaCl (368.8 ±5.6 µg/g DW), which is 2.08 times higher than the control (160.05± 2.5 µg/g DW). Upon foliar spray of salicylic acid (100 µM), root mangiferin content (263.80±5.14 µg/g DW) was 1.04 times higher than the control. Among the biotic elicitors, plants treated with P. aeruginosa produced more mangiferin than mycorrhiza-treated ones in tested plant parts. Overall, the root (368.8 5.6 µg/g DW) produced a higher quantity of mangiferin than the stem (297.91±4.05 µg/g DW) and leaves (168.36±5.25 µg/g DW) in S. chinensis. This is the first report on the exogenous application of endophytes in vivo to elicit mangiferin in different parts of S. chinensis. The current investigation revealed that isolated fungal endophytes can be used to produce industrially important bioactive metabolites at a large scale.
{"title":"Production of an important antidiabetic compound mangiferin through elicitation in Salacia chinensis under in vivo condition","authors":"Harichandra A. NIKULE, Tukaram D. NIKAM, Harshad A. SHIRKE, Vikas A. SULE, Archana A. NAIK, Mahesh Y. BORDE","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311644","url":null,"abstract":"Salacia chinensis L. (Celastraceae) is an important antidiabetic and anticancer plant. Mangiferin is a principal bioactive component of this plant and is well known for important antidiabetic and anticancer properties. The objectives of the present study were to examine the accumulation of mangiferin in S. chinensis grown under in vivo conditions, upon application of abiotic (NaCl and salicylic acid) and biotic elicitors (mycorrhiza, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal endophytes (Cladosporium tenuissimum and Trichoderma atroviride). The present study shows that bioactive metabolite accumulation was recorded in all tested plant parts. Significantly, mangiferin content was more elevated in treated plant parts as compared to non-treated ones. NaCl treated plant had higher production of mangiferin than other treatments. Mangiferin content was higher at 50 mM NaCl (368.8 ±5.6 µg/g DW), which is 2.08 times higher than the control (160.05± 2.5 µg/g DW). Upon foliar spray of salicylic acid (100 µM), root mangiferin content (263.80±5.14 µg/g DW) was 1.04 times higher than the control. Among the biotic elicitors, plants treated with P. aeruginosa produced more mangiferin than mycorrhiza-treated ones in tested plant parts. Overall, the root (368.8 5.6 µg/g DW) produced a higher quantity of mangiferin than the stem (297.91±4.05 µg/g DW) and leaves (168.36±5.25 µg/g DW) in S. chinensis. This is the first report on the exogenous application of endophytes in vivo to elicit mangiferin in different parts of S. chinensis. The current investigation revealed that isolated fungal endophytes can be used to produce industrially important bioactive metabolites at a large scale.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chamaerops humilis L. is a widespread species in the western and central Mediterranean region. It is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases, particularly diabetes. Aim of the review: This review was devoted to provide valuable information on C. humilis various aspects including its botanical description, taxonomy, geographical distribution, medicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and toxicity. Materials and methods: We searched various scientific databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink, SciFinder, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar, to collect data on C. humilis. The presented data on C. humilis were organized according to botanical description, ethnomedicinal use, bioactive compounds, pharmacology, and toxicological investigation. Results: In traditional medicine, C. humilis was used to treat diabetes, diarrhea, gastritis, gastralgia, constipation, neuronal diseases, and anemia. The extracts and essential oil derived from C. humilis demonstrated various beneficial properties, such asantibacterial, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, antilithiasic, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, antityrosinase, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Phytochemical investigations identified several chemical classes of secondary metabolites in C. humilis essential oil and extracts including phenols, sterols, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and fatty acid. Conclusion: Based on the critical analysis of previous studies, further exploration of C. humilis and its bioactive compounds should be conducted for potential medical applications. This may involve isolating and characterizing specific compounds from C. humilis and evaluating their therapeutic potential through preclinical and clinical studies.
humilis L.是地中海西部和中部地区广泛分布的一种。它在传统医学中用于治疗许多疾病，特别是糖尿病。综述目的:从植物描述、分类、地理分布、药用、植物化学、药理性质和毒性等方面对黄草进行综述。材料和方法:我们检索了Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、SpringerLink、SciFinder、Wiley Online、Google Scholar等多种科学数据库，收集了C. humilis的相关数据。本文从植物描述、民族医药用途、生物活性成分、药理学和毒理学研究等方面对黄草进行了整理。结果:黄草在传统医学中用于治疗糖尿病、腹泻、胃炎、胃痛、便秘、神经性疾病、贫血等。从黄草中提取的提取物和精油显示出多种有益特性，如抗菌、抗胆碱酯酶、抗糖尿病、抗结石、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗酪氨酸酶和抗高血脂活性。植物化学研究鉴定了黄樟精油和提取物的次生代谢物，包括酚类、甾醇类、萜类、多糖和脂肪酸。结论:在对前人研究进行批判性分析的基础上，进一步发掘黄芽草及其生物活性成分，开发其潜在的医学应用价值。这可能涉及从黄芽草中分离和表征特定化合物，并通过临床前和临床研究评估其治疗潜力。
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Chamaerops humilis: A review","authors":"Aya KHOUCHLAA","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311630","url":null,"abstract":"Chamaerops humilis L. is a widespread species in the western and central Mediterranean region. It is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases, particularly diabetes. Aim of the review: This review was devoted to provide valuable information on C. humilis various aspects including its botanical description, taxonomy, geographical distribution, medicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and toxicity. Materials and methods: We searched various scientific databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink, SciFinder, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar, to collect data on C. humilis. The presented data on C. humilis were organized according to botanical description, ethnomedicinal use, bioactive compounds, pharmacology, and toxicological investigation. Results: In traditional medicine, C. humilis was used to treat diabetes, diarrhea, gastritis, gastralgia, constipation, neuronal diseases, and anemia. The extracts and essential oil derived from C. humilis demonstrated various beneficial properties, such asantibacterial, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, antilithiasic, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, antityrosinase, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Phytochemical investigations identified several chemical classes of secondary metabolites in C. humilis essential oil and extracts including phenols, sterols, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and fatty acid. Conclusion: Based on the critical analysis of previous studies, further exploration of C. humilis and its bioactive compounds should be conducted for potential medical applications. This may involve isolating and characterizing specific compounds from C. humilis and evaluating their therapeutic potential through preclinical and clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pathogenicity of two isolates (FS1 and FS2) of the Fusarium solani isolated from diseased chickpea plants harvested from two different regions from Morocco, which were identified morphologically and molecular, was evaluated as the severity, incidence and index of the disease. The results show that the two isolates tested were able to induce symptoms in both parts of the plant (root and aerial), of the seven chickpea varieties (‘Garbanzo’, ‘Farihane’, ‘Moubarak’, ‘Douyet’, ‘Rizki’, ‘Arifi’ and ‘Zahour’), which were associated with a reduction in all measured agronomic parameters. However, the intensity of the symptoms depends on the combination of the variety and the isolate of Fusarium. It appears that the FS2 isolate affected the ‘Moubarak’ variety much more, while the pathogenicity of the FS2 isolate was more pronounced on the ‘Rizki’ variety. The increase in the leaf damage index as a function of time is due to the evolution of leaf yellowing through several physiological stages (necrosis, stunting, wilting, leaf fall), before causing plant death. At the end of the experiment, the re-isolation of the two Fusarium isolates from the four vegetative parts of all inoculated varieties was positive.
{"title":"Comparative pathogenesis of Fusarium spp. obtained from diseased chickpea plants in Morocco","authors":"Naila ELHAZZAT, Manal ADNANI, Fadoua BERBER, Said BOUGHRIBIL, Najoua MOUDEN, Azeddine ERRIFI, Mohamed CHLIYEH, Karima SELMAOUI, Rachid BENKIRANE, Amina OUAZZANI TOUHAMI, Allal DOUIRA","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311361","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenicity of two isolates (FS1 and FS2) of the Fusarium solani isolated from diseased chickpea plants harvested from two different regions from Morocco, which were identified morphologically and molecular, was evaluated as the severity, incidence and index of the disease. The results show that the two isolates tested were able to induce symptoms in both parts of the plant (root and aerial), of the seven chickpea varieties (‘Garbanzo’, ‘Farihane’, ‘Moubarak’, ‘Douyet’, ‘Rizki’, ‘Arifi’ and ‘Zahour’), which were associated with a reduction in all measured agronomic parameters. However, the intensity of the symptoms depends on the combination of the variety and the isolate of Fusarium. It appears that the FS2 isolate affected the ‘Moubarak’ variety much more, while the pathogenicity of the FS2 isolate was more pronounced on the ‘Rizki’ variety. The increase in the leaf damage index as a function of time is due to the evolution of leaf yellowing through several physiological stages (necrosis, stunting, wilting, leaf fall), before causing plant death. At the end of the experiment, the re-isolation of the two Fusarium isolates from the four vegetative parts of all inoculated varieties was positive.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134971708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra PÉREZ-ÁLVAREZ, Eduardo F. HECTOR-ARDISANA, Joel RASCÓN SOLANO, Samuel A. GARCÍA GARCÍA, Víctor H. VILLARREAL RAMÍREZ, Marina I. TERRAZAS-GÓMEZ
The cultivation of edible mushrooms has been an activity of great ecological, social and economic importance for many years. There is a great diversity of different species of these mushrooms, truffles, chanterelles, pine mushrooms, Termitomyces, with more than 1100 registered species, many of which are of great economic importance not only for export but also for developing countries. The collection and consumption of these mushrooms vary by country, being, for example, extensive and intensive in China and more restricted in South American countries. The ecological value they have should also be highlighted, since some species live in symbiosis with trees, helping the growth of forests and commercial plantations. These fungi contribute to human nutrition supplying micronutrients, polysaccharides, amino acids, fibers and proteins; also, they synthesize active secondary metabolites such as saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and some other reducing compounds. This review about edible mushrooms addresses the generalities and production, description of several species, some toxic species in Mexico and finally several aspects of these mushrooms’ biotechnology.
{"title":"Edible mushrooms – perspectives and considerations","authors":"Sandra PÉREZ-ÁLVAREZ, Eduardo F. HECTOR-ARDISANA, Joel RASCÓN SOLANO, Samuel A. GARCÍA GARCÍA, Víctor H. VILLARREAL RAMÍREZ, Marina I. TERRAZAS-GÓMEZ","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311586","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of edible mushrooms has been an activity of great ecological, social and economic importance for many years. There is a great diversity of different species of these mushrooms, truffles, chanterelles, pine mushrooms, Termitomyces, with more than 1100 registered species, many of which are of great economic importance not only for export but also for developing countries. The collection and consumption of these mushrooms vary by country, being, for example, extensive and intensive in China and more restricted in South American countries. The ecological value they have should also be highlighted, since some species live in symbiosis with trees, helping the growth of forests and commercial plantations. These fungi contribute to human nutrition supplying micronutrients, polysaccharides, amino acids, fibers and proteins; also, they synthesize active secondary metabolites such as saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and some other reducing compounds. This review about edible mushrooms addresses the generalities and production, description of several species, some toxic species in Mexico and finally several aspects of these mushrooms’ biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The change of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of plants extracts are widely attributed to numerous conditions and parameters viz. geographical conditions, type of extraction, and type of extract. Thus, this study was the first one conducted to evaluate the phenolic composition, the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins, and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of M. vulgare aerial part collected in three development stages (before flowering, during flowering, and after flowering periods). Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods of precipitation and coloration reactions. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidins contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and vanillin method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by two methods: DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. Preliminarily phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, essential oil, cardiac glucosides, sterols and triterpenes, and the absence of alkaloids. In addition, tannins were absence in March and present in May and July. The total phenol content of M. vulgare extracts showed a highest flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents during flowering period (1.644 mg QE.g-1 extract, and 0.195 mg CE.g-1 extract, respectively) while polyphenol content was highest before flowering period (0.043 mg GAE.g-1 extract). Afterward, M. vulgare methanolic extract exhibited a potent antioxidant activity during flowering period with an IC50 value of 2.23 mg.ml-1. From the current study, this plant contains natural antioxidant substances which can be used as antioxidant agents to treat several diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Marrubium vulgare L. collected in three development stages","authors":"Aya KHOUCHLAA, Abdessadek RAHIMI, Mostafa MIMOUNI, Chaimae RAIS, Hamid KHAMAR, Fatna ZAAKOUR","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311615","url":null,"abstract":"The change of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of plants extracts are widely attributed to numerous conditions and parameters viz. geographical conditions, type of extraction, and type of extract. Thus, this study was the first one conducted to evaluate the phenolic composition, the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins, and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of M. vulgare aerial part collected in three development stages (before flowering, during flowering, and after flowering periods). Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods of precipitation and coloration reactions. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidins contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and vanillin method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by two methods: DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. Preliminarily phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, essential oil, cardiac glucosides, sterols and triterpenes, and the absence of alkaloids. In addition, tannins were absence in March and present in May and July. The total phenol content of M. vulgare extracts showed a highest flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents during flowering period (1.644 mg QE.g-1 extract, and 0.195 mg CE.g-1 extract, respectively) while polyphenol content was highest before flowering period (0.043 mg GAE.g-1 extract). Afterward, M. vulgare methanolic extract exhibited a potent antioxidant activity during flowering period with an IC50 value of 2.23 mg.ml-1. From the current study, this plant contains natural antioxidant substances which can be used as antioxidant agents to treat several diseases.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taha BALAFREJ, Souad SKALLI, Souad BENAICH, Asmae LABYAD, Rania AKOH, Fatima Zahra EL MSKINI, Slimane MEHDAD, Younes ZAID, Oualid ABBOUSSI, Aziz MOUHADDACH, Saadia RAIS, Chaimae RAIS, Rachida HASSIKOU
Cannabis sativa L. commonly known as ‘Kif’, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family (Cannabis genus). It is used in traditional folk medicine to treat several diseases. The recent legalization of cannabis use for medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial purpose in Morocco (law 13.21), has enabled us to assess the potential acute toxicity of extract from its female plant co-products in Swiss mice. In this experimentation, 3 different extraction methods (maceration, decoction, and sonication) were used to determine the efficacy of cannabis extracts and investigate their acute toxicity in mice over a period of 14 days. Decoction showed the highest efficacy (19.7%), followed by maceration (16.2%), and finally sonication (5.4%). Regarding the toxicity results of the oral gavage administration dose at 2,000 mg kg-1, there were no recorded deaths and no changes in the internal organs (kidneys and liver) between treated and control groups of both male and female mice. We also found that body weight of female mice treated by decoction and maceration extracts decreased significantly compared to those treated with sonication extract throughout the experimental period, when treated and untreated male mice show no significant changes (p-value < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the LD50 may be greater than 2.000 mg kg-1. Nevertheless, the extracts showed signs of low-level toxicity such as drowsiness, hypoactivity, and tachycardia. Further studies to determine the phytochemical composition of the three extracts of C. sativa and assess the chronic and sub-chronic toxicity should be carried out.
{"title":"Acute oral toxicity of Cannabis sativa L. co-products in mice","authors":"Taha BALAFREJ, Souad SKALLI, Souad BENAICH, Asmae LABYAD, Rania AKOH, Fatima Zahra EL MSKINI, Slimane MEHDAD, Younes ZAID, Oualid ABBOUSSI, Aziz MOUHADDACH, Saadia RAIS, Chaimae RAIS, Rachida HASSIKOU","doi":"10.55779/nsb15311591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311591","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa L. commonly known as ‘Kif’, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family (Cannabis genus). It is used in traditional folk medicine to treat several diseases. The recent legalization of cannabis use for medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial purpose in Morocco (law 13.21), has enabled us to assess the potential acute toxicity of extract from its female plant co-products in Swiss mice. In this experimentation, 3 different extraction methods (maceration, decoction, and sonication) were used to determine the efficacy of cannabis extracts and investigate their acute toxicity in mice over a period of 14 days. Decoction showed the highest efficacy (19.7%), followed by maceration (16.2%), and finally sonication (5.4%). Regarding the toxicity results of the oral gavage administration dose at 2,000 mg kg-1, there were no recorded deaths and no changes in the internal organs (kidneys and liver) between treated and control groups of both male and female mice. We also found that body weight of female mice treated by decoction and maceration extracts decreased significantly compared to those treated with sonication extract throughout the experimental period, when treated and untreated male mice show no significant changes (p-value < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the LD50 may be greater than 2.000 mg kg-1. Nevertheless, the extracts showed signs of low-level toxicity such as drowsiness, hypoactivity, and tachycardia. Further studies to determine the phytochemical composition of the three extracts of C. sativa and assess the chronic and sub-chronic toxicity should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135096874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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