G. J. Beppe, N. G. Allah-Doum, B. P. Barga, A. I. Folefack, A. Dongmo
Crateva adansonii (CA) is traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy and memory loss. This work aims to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of the dichloromethane/methanol extract of CA trunk bark in a chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression (UCMS) model in mice. After exposure of mice to UCMS for 42 days, anhedonia was assessed using the sucrose preference test, antidepressant effects by the forced swim and caudal suspension tests, anxiolytic effects by the light/dark compartment (LDB) and open arena (OF) tests. Oxidative stress parameters Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Reduced Glutathione (GSH) were assessed. The results showed that multiple administrations of C. adansonii extract (150 and 300 mg/kg, resulted in a significant increase from 38.5% to 64.9% (p<0.001) in sucrose intake and a decrease from 47 seconds to 14 seconds in the immobility time in the forced swim test compared to the UCMS group. The extract significantly (p<0.001) reversed the time spent in the dark box at 150 mg/kg, and the number of groomings at 150 and 300 mg/kg compared to the UCMS group in the LDB and OF test. There was also a significant (p<0.001) improvement in SOD, GSH, and a reversal of MDA. The extract of CA improved symptoms of depression and anxiety in mice treated with different dose. The effects observed would be due to the presence in the extract of polyphenols such as flavonoids. These effects would justify the use of this extract in traditional medicine.
{"title":"Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like activities of the dichloromethane/methanol extract of Crateva adansonii in mice exposed to chronic mild stress","authors":"G. J. Beppe, N. G. Allah-Doum, B. P. Barga, A. I. Folefack, A. Dongmo","doi":"10.55779/nsb15111459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15111459","url":null,"abstract":"Crateva adansonii (CA) is traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy and memory loss. This work aims to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of the dichloromethane/methanol extract of CA trunk bark in a chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression (UCMS) model in mice. After exposure of mice to UCMS for 42 days, anhedonia was assessed using the sucrose preference test, antidepressant effects by the forced swim and caudal suspension tests, anxiolytic effects by the light/dark compartment (LDB) and open arena (OF) tests. Oxidative stress parameters Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Reduced Glutathione (GSH) were assessed. The results showed that multiple administrations of C. adansonii extract (150 and 300 mg/kg, resulted in a significant increase from 38.5% to 64.9% (p<0.001) in sucrose intake and a decrease from 47 seconds to 14 seconds in the immobility time in the forced swim test compared to the UCMS group. The extract significantly (p<0.001) reversed the time spent in the dark box at 150 mg/kg, and the number of groomings at 150 and 300 mg/kg compared to the UCMS group in the LDB and OF test. There was also a significant (p<0.001) improvement in SOD, GSH, and a reversal of MDA. The extract of CA improved symptoms of depression and anxiety in mice treated with different dose. The effects observed would be due to the presence in the extract of polyphenols such as flavonoids. These effects would justify the use of this extract in traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45458096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Bulu, Rilwan O. Ahmed, Opefoluwa D. Fadayomi, O. Kekere
In Nigeria, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Rob and Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S. F. Blake, are exotic invasive weeds, but a gradual decrease in the population of C. odorata with the rapid invasion of T. rotundifolia is now observed. Therefore, this study investigated the adaptive features of each weed in competition, with a further determination of seedling recruitment from the soil seed bank of plots invaded by T. rotundifolia. Field sampling was carried out in 10 plots: T. rotundifolia invaded plots and low or uninvaded plots in co-existing with other plants using 10 m x 10 m quadrats. The readily germinable seed species composition and the Sorensen index of similarity between the seed bank and their above ground vegetation were determined. Competition Series Experiment was also conducted for the two plants. Mariscus alternifolius (227) and Oldenlandia corymbosa (358) were the most abundant species in the seed bank while T. rotundifolia recruited 25 individuals. Low similarity index existed between the seed bank and the standing vegetation of the invaded and uninvaded plots. T. rotundifolia had improved growth in heteroculture with C. odorata over when in monoculture. However, a reduction in growth of C. odorata occurred when in competitive association with T. rotundifolia compared to when in monoculture. T. rotundifolia had competitive advantage over C. odorata.
在尼日利亚，Chromolaena odorata（L.）R.M.King和H.Rob以及Tithonia rotundifolia（Mill.）S.F.Blake是外来入侵杂草，但随着T.rotundiforia的快速入侵，气味草的数量逐渐减少。因此，本研究调查了每种杂草在竞争中的适应特征，并进一步确定了圆叶T.rotundifolia入侵地块土壤种子库的幼苗招募。在10个地块中进行了实地采样：圆叶T.rotundifolia入侵地块和与其他植物共存的低或未入侵地块，使用10 m x 10 m的象限。测定了种子库与其地上植被之间的易发芽种子物种组成和索伦森相似性指数。并对两株植物进行了系列竞争试验。互变花Mariscus alternifolius（227）和球茎Oldenlandia corymbolsa（358）是种子库中最丰富的物种，而圆叶T.rotundifolia招募了25个个体。入侵地块和未入侵地块的种子库与现存植被之间存在较低的相似性指数。圆叶T.rotundifolia在与气味C.odorata的异养中比在单一培养中提高了生长。然而，与单一栽培相比，当与圆叶T.odorata竞争时，其生长减少。圆叶T.rotundifolia比香叶C.odorata具有竞争优势。
{"title":"Soil seed bank studies of Tithonia rotundifolia invaded fallow land and competitive association with Chromolaena odorata","authors":"Y. Bulu, Rilwan O. Ahmed, Opefoluwa D. Fadayomi, O. Kekere","doi":"10.55779/nsb15111380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15111380","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Rob and Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S. F. Blake, are exotic invasive weeds, but a gradual decrease in the population of C. odorata with the rapid invasion of T. rotundifolia is now observed. Therefore, this study investigated the adaptive features of each weed in competition, with a further determination of seedling recruitment from the soil seed bank of plots invaded by T. rotundifolia. Field sampling was carried out in 10 plots: T. rotundifolia invaded plots and low or uninvaded plots in co-existing with other plants using 10 m x 10 m quadrats. The readily germinable seed species composition and the Sorensen index of similarity between the seed bank and their above ground vegetation were determined. Competition Series Experiment was also conducted for the two plants. Mariscus alternifolius (227) and Oldenlandia corymbosa (358) were the most abundant species in the seed bank while T. rotundifolia recruited 25 individuals. Low similarity index existed between the seed bank and the standing vegetation of the invaded and uninvaded plots. T. rotundifolia had improved growth in heteroculture with C. odorata over when in monoculture. However, a reduction in growth of C. odorata occurred when in competitive association with T. rotundifolia compared to when in monoculture. T. rotundifolia had competitive advantage over C. odorata. ","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42002995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. (F: Commelinaceae) is one of the rare plant species located throughout Western Ghats regions including Karnataka. Though the plant was described earlier but traditional uses and scientific evidences are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify the elemental content and to determine antibacterial potentiality of Belosynapsis vivipara (Bv) ethanol leaves extract. Shade dried powdered material of BV leaves was estimated for elemental content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) followed by extraction by ethanol solvent (80%) in Soxhlet apparatus for 13 hrs at 45 °C. Extract was further used for anti-bacterial screening. In vitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extracts (25, 50 and 75 µg/ml) were carried out on medically important micro-organisms of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram positive) against standard Ampicillin (25 µg/ml). The powdered drug showed the presence of zinc, and Copper in high amount less content of iron, whereas very less content of Nickel and Cobalt and absence of lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, phyto sterols, saponins and phenolics. Furthermore, ethanol leaves extract of BV showed broad spectrum antibacterial efficacy against both Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganism along with the dose dependency effects. Antibacterial activity was correlated with the elements and showed positive correlation. Finally, Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. leaves were established as an effective source against strong bacterial infection.
{"title":"Elemental impact on antibacterial study of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Belosynapsis vivipara","authors":"Kuntal Das, Sravani Singirikonda","doi":"10.55779/nsb15111409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15111409","url":null,"abstract":"Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. (F: Commelinaceae) is one of the rare plant species located throughout Western Ghats regions including Karnataka. Though the plant was described earlier but traditional uses and scientific evidences are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify the elemental content and to determine antibacterial potentiality of Belosynapsis vivipara (Bv) ethanol leaves extract. Shade dried powdered material of BV leaves was estimated for elemental content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) followed by extraction by ethanol solvent (80%) in Soxhlet apparatus for 13 hrs at 45 °C. Extract was further used for anti-bacterial screening. In vitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extracts (25, 50 and 75 µg/ml) were carried out on medically important micro-organisms of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram positive) against standard Ampicillin (25 µg/ml). The powdered drug showed the presence of zinc, and Copper in high amount less content of iron, whereas very less content of Nickel and Cobalt and absence of lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, phyto sterols, saponins and phenolics. Furthermore, ethanol leaves extract of BV showed broad spectrum antibacterial efficacy against both Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganism along with the dose dependency effects. Antibacterial activity was correlated with the elements and showed positive correlation. Finally, Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. leaves were established as an effective source against strong bacterial infection.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Layachi, A. Mouhaddach, L. Amallah, Mohammed Benaziz, F. Bouazza, S. Benaich, R. Hassikou, S. Skalli
The cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) belongs to the Cactaceae family and it’s used in traditional folk medicine in treating a number of diseases and conditions. Due to the remarkable biological activity and to the bioactive (phytochemicals) compounds of O. ficus-indica, it becomes the aim of many research studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of various solvent fractions (aqueous and ethanol) prepared from the O. ficus-indica flowers. The centrally analgesic potential was evaluated using tail flick latency in tail immersion and hot plate methods in mice. Morphine was used as a positive control at a dose of 3 mg kg-1, s.c.. Intra-peritoneal administration of the aqueous extract of O. ficus-indica flowers at the highest dose did not produce any toxicity symptoms, thus the median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 2,500 mg kg-1. The results of the pain behavior evaluation according to the gender approach of mice showed that the pain tolerance threshold is high in males compared to females. We found that various plant extracts at doses of 300, 500, and 1,000 mg kg-1 i.p., displayed significant and dose-dependent protective effects (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001) as measured by increased latency time compared to vehicle control. The maximum anti-nociceptive effect was with the ethanol extract (71%) at 60 minutes at a dose of 1,000 mg kg-1, which was equivalent to the effect of morphine (70%). The results suggested that O. ficus-indica might possess significant analgesic effects, supporting the use of this plant in traditional medicine.
{"title":"Assessment of analgesic properties of alcohol and aqueous extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica flowers","authors":"R. Layachi, A. Mouhaddach, L. Amallah, Mohammed Benaziz, F. Bouazza, S. Benaich, R. Hassikou, S. Skalli","doi":"10.55779/nsb15111351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15111351","url":null,"abstract":"The cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) belongs to the Cactaceae family and it’s used in traditional folk medicine in treating a number of diseases and conditions. Due to the remarkable biological activity and to the bioactive (phytochemicals) compounds of O. ficus-indica, it becomes the aim of many research studies. The current study aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of various solvent fractions (aqueous and ethanol) prepared from the O. ficus-indica flowers. The centrally analgesic potential was evaluated using tail flick latency in tail immersion and hot plate methods in mice. Morphine was used as a positive control at a dose of 3 mg kg-1, s.c.. Intra-peritoneal administration of the aqueous extract of O. ficus-indica flowers at the highest dose did not produce any toxicity symptoms, thus the median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 2,500 mg kg-1. The results of the pain behavior evaluation according to the gender approach of mice showed that the pain tolerance threshold is high in males compared to females. We found that various plant extracts at doses of 300, 500, and 1,000 mg kg-1 i.p., displayed significant and dose-dependent protective effects (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001) as measured by increased latency time compared to vehicle control. The maximum anti-nociceptive effect was with the ethanol extract (71%) at 60 minutes at a dose of 1,000 mg kg-1, which was equivalent to the effect of morphine (70%). The results suggested that O. ficus-indica might possess significant analgesic effects, supporting the use of this plant in traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra PEREZ ALVAREZ, E. HÉCTOR-ARDISANA, Martín DÍAZ-GARCÍA, E. Sánchez, Edith GARCÍA-RAMÍREZ
In Mexico, phymatotrichopsis root rot is regarded as the most important disease in the pecan tree. Its causative agent is the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert, and the percentage of diseased trees ranges between 3 to more than 25% in a plantation. Symptoms vary from mild damages to the death of the infected tree. The roots invaded by the fungus die with the consequent reduction of the foliage. Chemical control is one of the most used methods to control this pathogenic fungus, but it is expensive and not very efficient, so it is necessary to try other methods such as antagonistic fungi, resistant varieties, plant extracts, among others that have been shown to have some effectiveness, and to design an integrated management program for the pest. For all the reasons stated, the objective of this review was to address the most current aspects of the disease and its biocontrol in Mexico.
{"title":"Phymatotrichopsis root rot and its biological control in the pecan tree in Mexico","authors":"Sandra PEREZ ALVAREZ, E. HÉCTOR-ARDISANA, Martín DÍAZ-GARCÍA, E. Sánchez, Edith GARCÍA-RAMÍREZ","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411364","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, phymatotrichopsis root rot is regarded as the most important disease in the pecan tree. Its causative agent is the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert, and the percentage of diseased trees ranges between 3 to more than 25% in a plantation. Symptoms vary from mild damages to the death of the infected tree. The roots invaded by the fungus die with the consequent reduction of the foliage. Chemical control is one of the most used methods to control this pathogenic fungus, but it is expensive and not very efficient, so it is necessary to try other methods such as antagonistic fungi, resistant varieties, plant extracts, among others that have been shown to have some effectiveness, and to design an integrated management program for the pest. For all the reasons stated, the objective of this review was to address the most current aspects of the disease and its biocontrol in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effluents and contaminants released from the industries are needed to be treated before releasing them to water bodies. Most common effluents from these industrial wastes are organic compounds, dyes and heavy metals. Heavy metals and their associated anions, as well as organic material, have been separated from wastewaters in industries using a variety of methods. Adsorption is an effective method for water treatment as they are less energy consuming and cost effective. Biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose, keratin are used for the process of adsorption as they are present abundantly and recyclable. Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives are extremely essential due to their abundant availability, low cost, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability and can be widely applied in wastewater treatment. -NH2 and -OH groups are present in chitosan and provide chitosan an opportunity to make physical and chemical modifications. Modifications of chitosan into hydrogels and nanocomposites provide wider applications in wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Wastewater treatment using chitosan and its derivatives: A mini review on latest developments","authors":"S. Suresh, Mridul Uemsh, Adhithya Sankar S","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411369","url":null,"abstract":"Effluents and contaminants released from the industries are needed to be treated before releasing them to water bodies. Most common effluents from these industrial wastes are organic compounds, dyes and heavy metals. Heavy metals and their associated anions, as well as organic material, have been separated from wastewaters in industries using a variety of methods. Adsorption is an effective method for water treatment as they are less energy consuming and cost effective. Biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose, keratin are used for the process of adsorption as they are present abundantly and recyclable. Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives are extremely essential due to their abundant availability, low cost, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability and can be widely applied in wastewater treatment. -NH2 and -OH groups are present in chitosan and provide chitosan an opportunity to make physical and chemical modifications. Modifications of chitosan into hydrogels and nanocomposites provide wider applications in wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siderophores are low molecular weight iron scavengers produced by bacteria to combat iron stress and also suppress deleterious rhizobacteria. In the present study, microbes were isolated from wheat and tobacco farm in Changa village, Anand district, India, and were screened for their siderophore production. Out of 11 isolates, 6 were siderophore producers as they produced orange halos on CAS agar. Isolated bacteria were examined for their hydroxamate, catechol, and carboxylate type of siderophore, and it revealed that all produced hydroxamate siderophore. Among all the isolates, a potential bacterium was selected for further studies and identified by the biochemical test as Pseudomonas sp. MT. Temporal effect on growth and siderophore production revealed that both were higher at 24 hrs of incubation and remained active up to 8 days and then after the decline. Siderophore was partially purified and chemically characterized by FTIR. A particle size analyzer measured the particle size of the siderophore and showed 91.36 nm in size. The siderophore producer and non-producer were examined for their ability to uptake iron by providing external siderophores, which gave positive results. The isolated bacterium was tested for its antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and F. oxysporium f. sp. ciceris, resulting in inhibition of both the species. Hence, Pseudomonas sp. MT can be effectively used to control Fusarium spp.
{"title":"Characterization of siderophore produced by Pseudomonas sp. MT and its antagonist activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and F. oxysporium f. sp. ciceris","authors":"Mrugesh Amin, T. Vyas","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411298","url":null,"abstract":"Siderophores are low molecular weight iron scavengers produced by bacteria to combat iron stress and also suppress deleterious rhizobacteria. In the present study, microbes were isolated from wheat and tobacco farm in Changa village, Anand district, India, and were screened for their siderophore production. Out of 11 isolates, 6 were siderophore producers as they produced orange halos on CAS agar. Isolated bacteria were examined for their hydroxamate, catechol, and carboxylate type of siderophore, and it revealed that all produced hydroxamate siderophore. Among all the isolates, a potential bacterium was selected for further studies and identified by the biochemical test as Pseudomonas sp. MT. Temporal effect on growth and siderophore production revealed that both were higher at 24 hrs of incubation and remained active up to 8 days and then after the decline. Siderophore was partially purified and chemically characterized by FTIR. A particle size analyzer measured the particle size of the siderophore and showed 91.36 nm in size. The siderophore producer and non-producer were examined for their ability to uptake iron by providing external siderophores, which gave positive results. The isolated bacterium was tested for its antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and F. oxysporium f. sp. ciceris, resulting in inhibition of both the species. Hence, Pseudomonas sp. MT can be effectively used to control Fusarium spp.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49514745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nazarian, H. Fallahi, Mohammad-Yousof Jami, H. Sahabi
Optimal availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), from authorized resources is one of the most important issues in organic agriculture. Intercropping forage legumes with cereal crops may be a way of providing ecological services such as providing N for companion or following crops by biological N fixation. To determine the effect of biological, chemical, and organic fertilization on the quality and quantity of ten different wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted during two successive growing seasons. The three experimental factors (F1, F2, F3) were: mix cropping with Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) (F1: biological N fixation, as control); chemical nitrogen fertilizer (F2: 100 kg ha-1, urea), and organic cow manure (F3: 40 t ha-1). The vegetative growth parameters improved by F1 and F2 treatments. The F2 had the highest values of spikelet and seed number per spike, 1000-grain weight, and seed yield, followed by F1. The cv. ‘Kabul-13’ was the best among all tested cultivars in terms of almost all reproductive parameters. The highest seed yield was obtained by F2 ‘Kabul-13’ (8.02 t ha-1), and F1 ‘Kabul-13’ (7.26 t ha-1). By considering seed yield, ‘Chont-1’ and ‘Kabul-13’ were more suitable to be intercropped with clover. The effect of experimental factors was not significant on seed potassium and phosphorus contents, while percentage of seed protein improved by F3 (13%), and ‘Mugawim’ (13.59%). The highest protein yield was gained by F2 and F1 (820 and 650 kg ha-1) and also by ‘Kabul-13’ (850 kg ha-1). Overall, mixed cropping of wheat and clover can be suggested as a possible alternative for nutrients providing in wheat production in low input agro-ecosystems.
从授权资源中获得最佳养分，特别是氮，是有机农业中最重要的问题之一。将饲料豆类与谷类作物间作可能是一种提供生态服务的方式，例如通过生物固氮为伴侣或后续作物提供氮。为了确定生物、化学和有机施肥对10个不同小麦品种质量和数量的影响，在连续两个生长季节进行了试验。三个试验因子（F1、F2、F3）分别为：波斯三叶草（Trifolium resupinatum L.）混作（F1：生物固氮，作为对照）；化学氮肥（F2:100kg ha-1，尿素）和有机牛粪（F3:40t ha-1）。F1和F2处理改善了营养生长参数。F2的小穗数、穗粒数、粒重和种子产量最高，其次是F1。就几乎所有的繁殖参数而言，“Kabul-13”是所有试验品种中最好的。产量最高的是F2‘Kabul-13’（8.02 t ha-1）和F1‘Kabul-13'（7.26 t ha-1）。从产量上看，‘Chont-1’和‘Kabul-13’更适合与三叶草间作。试验因素对种子钾、磷含量的影响不显著，F3（13%）和“Mugawim”（13.59%）提高了种子蛋白质含量。F2和F1（820和650 kg ha-1）以及“Kabul-13”（850 kg ha-1。总的来说，小麦和三叶草的混合种植可以作为在低投入农业生态系统中提供小麦生产营养的一种可能的替代方案。
{"title":"Comparing the effect of organic and chemical nutritional management and intercropping with clover on the quantity and quality of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars","authors":"R. Nazarian, H. Fallahi, Mohammad-Yousof Jami, H. Sahabi","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411354","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), from authorized resources is one of the most important issues in organic agriculture. Intercropping forage legumes with cereal crops may be a way of providing ecological services such as providing N for companion or following crops by biological N fixation. To determine the effect of biological, chemical, and organic fertilization on the quality and quantity of ten different wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted during two successive growing seasons. The three experimental factors (F1, F2, F3) were: mix cropping with Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) (F1: biological N fixation, as control); chemical nitrogen fertilizer (F2: 100 kg ha-1, urea), and organic cow manure (F3: 40 t ha-1). The vegetative growth parameters improved by F1 and F2 treatments. The F2 had the highest values of spikelet and seed number per spike, 1000-grain weight, and seed yield, followed by F1. The cv. ‘Kabul-13’ was the best among all tested cultivars in terms of almost all reproductive parameters. The highest seed yield was obtained by F2 ‘Kabul-13’ (8.02 t ha-1), and F1 ‘Kabul-13’ (7.26 t ha-1). By considering seed yield, ‘Chont-1’ and ‘Kabul-13’ were more suitable to be intercropped with clover. The effect of experimental factors was not significant on seed potassium and phosphorus contents, while percentage of seed protein improved by F3 (13%), and ‘Mugawim’ (13.59%). The highest protein yield was gained by F2 and F1 (820 and 650 kg ha-1) and also by ‘Kabul-13’ (850 kg ha-1). Overall, mixed cropping of wheat and clover can be suggested as a possible alternative for nutrients providing in wheat production in low input agro-ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptosporidium species cause high morbidity and sometimes high mortality rates among cattle, resulting in serious economic threats. This present study is aimed at investigating the presence, prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium species infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. To achieve this, 333 apparently healthy cattle were sampled from abattoirs and different cattle herds over a one-year period. Faecal samples were collected and subjected to the formalin-ethyl acetate (formol-ether) sedimentation technique. Sediments from the formol-ether sedimentation method were used for the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The Microsoft Excel (2016) spreadsheet and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA) for Windows version 22.0 were used for the data analysis. Of the cattle sampled, 99 were positive for the enteric protozoan (29.73%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.07–34.85). There was no distinct pattern in the monthly prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle. Breeds of cattle, physiological status, and seasons were statistically associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle. There is a need to educate pastoralists on the control and preventive measures of this enteric protozoan to improve the economy of the cattle industry and prevent possible transmission to humans in Kwara State and Nigeria in general.
{"title":"Detection, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ola-Fadunsin, I. Ganiyu, K. Hussain","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411331","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium species cause high morbidity and sometimes high mortality rates among cattle, resulting in serious economic threats. This present study is aimed at investigating the presence, prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium species infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. To achieve this, 333 apparently healthy cattle were sampled from abattoirs and different cattle herds over a one-year period. Faecal samples were collected and subjected to the formalin-ethyl acetate (formol-ether) sedimentation technique. Sediments from the formol-ether sedimentation method were used for the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The Microsoft Excel (2016) spreadsheet and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA) for Windows version 22.0 were used for the data analysis. Of the cattle sampled, 99 were positive for the enteric protozoan (29.73%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.07–34.85). There was no distinct pattern in the monthly prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle. Breeds of cattle, physiological status, and seasons were statistically associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle. There is a need to educate pastoralists on the control and preventive measures of this enteric protozoan to improve the economy of the cattle industry and prevent possible transmission to humans in Kwara State and Nigeria in general. ","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somarajan L. Chippy, Vijayakumar T. ANJU VIJAY, A. S. Hemanthakumar, Padmesh P Pillai, T. S. Preetha
Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae), generally known as ‘snake grass’, has diverse uses in customary system of herbal medicine. The species is endowed with various bioactive compounds exhibiting extensive pharmacological properties. The present investigation focused on elicitor-intervened in vitro shoot biomass cultivation and scale-up production of the anti-cancerous compound ‘lupeol’, one of the foremost constituents in this species. For the augmented production of lupeol, the shoot cultures were elicited with various concentrations of yeast extract (YE), chitosan and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Maximum shoot biomass yield and production of lupeol was detected in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl-1 BA and 400 mgl-1 YE. The petroleum ether extracts of selected samples upon TLC analysis proved Rf values corresponding to lupeol. HPTLC analysis revealed that the sample treated with YE displayed relatively higher amount (975.50 ng) of lupeol than the in vivo plant (713.69 ng). Hence the in vitro shoot culture system with elicitor (YE) treatment propose an appropriate method for the elevated synthesis of lupeol which can be scaled up via bio-reactor technology in doing so profiting the pharmaceutical appliances.
{"title":"Enhanced production of lupeol through elicitation in in vitro shoot cultures of snake grass (Clinacanthus nutans)","authors":"Somarajan L. Chippy, Vijayakumar T. ANJU VIJAY, A. S. Hemanthakumar, Padmesh P Pillai, T. S. Preetha","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411195","url":null,"abstract":"Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae), generally known as ‘snake grass’, has diverse uses in customary system of herbal medicine. The species is endowed with various bioactive compounds exhibiting extensive pharmacological properties. The present investigation focused on elicitor-intervened in vitro shoot biomass cultivation and scale-up production of the anti-cancerous compound ‘lupeol’, one of the foremost constituents in this species. For the augmented production of lupeol, the shoot cultures were elicited with various concentrations of yeast extract (YE), chitosan and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Maximum shoot biomass yield and production of lupeol was detected in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl-1 BA and 400 mgl-1 YE. The petroleum ether extracts of selected samples upon TLC analysis proved Rf values corresponding to lupeol. HPTLC analysis revealed that the sample treated with YE displayed relatively higher amount (975.50 ng) of lupeol than the in vivo plant (713.69 ng). Hence the in vitro shoot culture system with elicitor (YE) treatment propose an appropriate method for the elevated synthesis of lupeol which can be scaled up via bio-reactor technology in doing so profiting the pharmaceutical appliances.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45924487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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