Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939887
C. S. Goli, M. Manjrekar, P. Sahu
Current regulation strategies for a grid-tied inverter with LCL filter in both stationary and synchronous reference frames are presented. Analytical models of the proportional-integral controller in the synchronous reference frame (Sy-PI), a stationary reference frame regulation strategy of synchronous reference frame current controller (St/Sy-PI), and the proportional resonant controller in the stationary reference frame (St-PR) are established. Detailed analysis reveals that these current regulators are inherently different. However, the perceived resemblance that appears in the literature amongst these three controllers is established by underlining the effect of cross-coupling elements which results in an identical forward path transfer function. Bode plot and root locus analysis are presented to determine the stability limits of control parameters. The results of current regulation strategies are validated using PSIM and verified by employing controller hardware in the loop with Typhoon.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis, Modeling, and Experimental Validation of Current Regulation Strategies for a Grid- Tied Inverter with LCL Filter","authors":"C. S. Goli, M. Manjrekar, P. Sahu","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939887","url":null,"abstract":"Current regulation strategies for a grid-tied inverter with LCL filter in both stationary and synchronous reference frames are presented. Analytical models of the proportional-integral controller in the synchronous reference frame (Sy-PI), a stationary reference frame regulation strategy of synchronous reference frame current controller (St/Sy-PI), and the proportional resonant controller in the stationary reference frame (St-PR) are established. Detailed analysis reveals that these current regulators are inherently different. However, the perceived resemblance that appears in the literature amongst these three controllers is established by underlining the effect of cross-coupling elements which results in an identical forward path transfer function. Bode plot and root locus analysis are presented to determine the stability limits of control parameters. The results of current regulation strategies are validated using PSIM and verified by employing controller hardware in the loop with Typhoon.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132368512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to solve the problem of cooperation and stable operation of the multi-source hybrid energy system with renewable energy, an improved rule-based energy management strategy considering the whole state of the system is proposed in this paper. According to the states and constraints of fuel cell, electrolyzer, and battery, 13 operation modes of the system are specially designed. Then the simulation is carried out in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results of the system under long-term and short-term working conditions are presented, which verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving the system energy utilization and ensuring the stable operation of the system.
{"title":"An improved rule-based energy management strategy for hybrid energy system with hydrogen cycle","authors":"Chongyang Tian, Y. Huangfu, Rui Ma, Sheng Quan, Peng Li, Yonghui Zhang, Jiang Wei","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940085","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the problem of cooperation and stable operation of the multi-source hybrid energy system with renewable energy, an improved rule-based energy management strategy considering the whole state of the system is proposed in this paper. According to the states and constraints of fuel cell, electrolyzer, and battery, 13 operation modes of the system are specially designed. Then the simulation is carried out in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results of the system under long-term and short-term working conditions are presented, which verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving the system energy utilization and ensuring the stable operation of the system.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133621676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940044
John F. Wade, P. Brazis, David W. Lambrecht
IEEE 1584 - 2018 documents the standard method for calculating arc flash incident energy. This value is then used to establish one of several safety boundaries around exposed, energized electrical conductors and to select protective equipment. While 1584 covers three-phase configurations in detail, it currently excludes single-phase calculations. Prevalence of single-phase AC power distribution inspired curiosity about possible hazards of fire and injury arising from arc flash in such systems. This paper extends work previously published and covers the conclusion of doctoral research into single-phase arc flash in one laboratory configuration. Further experimental work supported the hypothesis that incident energy would be low (less than 1 cal/cm2) for single-phase events below some threshold voltage and for available fault currents up to 22,000 amperes. This threshold voltage appears to be near 434VAC. Repeated test groups at greater than 434V sustained the conclusion that such configurations develop dangerous levels of heat and blast pressure even when the source is single-phase.
{"title":"Continued Investigation of Arc Flash in Single Phase Systems","authors":"John F. Wade, P. Brazis, David W. Lambrecht","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940044","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 1584 - 2018 documents the standard method for calculating arc flash incident energy. This value is then used to establish one of several safety boundaries around exposed, energized electrical conductors and to select protective equipment. While 1584 covers three-phase configurations in detail, it currently excludes single-phase calculations. Prevalence of single-phase AC power distribution inspired curiosity about possible hazards of fire and injury arising from arc flash in such systems. This paper extends work previously published and covers the conclusion of doctoral research into single-phase arc flash in one laboratory configuration. Further experimental work supported the hypothesis that incident energy would be low (less than 1 cal/cm2) for single-phase events below some threshold voltage and for available fault currents up to 22,000 amperes. This threshold voltage appears to be near 434VAC. Repeated test groups at greater than 434V sustained the conclusion that such configurations develop dangerous levels of heat and blast pressure even when the source is single-phase.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133933919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939971
V. Kousalya, Bhim Singh
In this paper, field weakening combined six-step operation of the induction motor is presented for electrical vehicle application. At first, to operate the induction motor beyond the base speed, a voltage closed loop based field weakening system (VCFS) is constructed, which reduces the magnetizing current based on the maximum operating voltage of the inverter. To improve maximum torque capability for the given DC-link voltage, the over-modulation with six-step operation is implemented. Due to the saturation of stator voltage in the current controller, the adapted rotor field-oriented control (RFOC) cannot give decoupled control of torque and flux in the six-step mode. To overcome this, voltage angle-based torque control is implemented. The seamless transition between RFOC and voltage angle control is achieved based on minimum flux required in the induction machine. The implemented over-modulation along with the six-step mode of operation not only increases the DC-link utilization and maximum torque capability but also widen the constant torque and constant power operating regions. The entire control algorithm is implemented in Matlab / Simulink platform and the results are analysed up to three times the base speed.
{"title":"Field Weakening Combined Over-modulation and Six-step Operation of Induction Motor with Improved Torque Control","authors":"V. Kousalya, Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939971","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, field weakening combined six-step operation of the induction motor is presented for electrical vehicle application. At first, to operate the induction motor beyond the base speed, a voltage closed loop based field weakening system (VCFS) is constructed, which reduces the magnetizing current based on the maximum operating voltage of the inverter. To improve maximum torque capability for the given DC-link voltage, the over-modulation with six-step operation is implemented. Due to the saturation of stator voltage in the current controller, the adapted rotor field-oriented control (RFOC) cannot give decoupled control of torque and flux in the six-step mode. To overcome this, voltage angle-based torque control is implemented. The seamless transition between RFOC and voltage angle control is achieved based on minimum flux required in the induction machine. The implemented over-modulation along with the six-step mode of operation not only increases the DC-link utilization and maximum torque capability but also widen the constant torque and constant power operating regions. The entire control algorithm is implemented in Matlab / Simulink platform and the results are analysed up to three times the base speed.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939707
L. Kukačka, Michaela Chmelarová, Jan Hergesel, P. Dupuis, G. Zissis
This paper concerns with the design of experiments aimed at determining whether the critical flicker frequency (CFF) is subject to change when the observer is exposed to pulsating sounds. The paper describes the work done in designing the experiments and also reveals data from a preliminary campaign. Data do not form a basis to prove a direct link between pulsating sound and CFF, but can be used to better adjust the conditions before the full campaign.
{"title":"Critical Flicker Frequency and Auditory Stimuli - Procedure Settings","authors":"L. Kukačka, Michaela Chmelarová, Jan Hergesel, P. Dupuis, G. Zissis","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939707","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns with the design of experiments aimed at determining whether the critical flicker frequency (CFF) is subject to change when the observer is exposed to pulsating sounds. The paper describes the work done in designing the experiments and also reveals data from a preliminary campaign. Data do not form a basis to prove a direct link between pulsating sound and CFF, but can be used to better adjust the conditions before the full campaign.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133482981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939763
M. Amin, A. Soliman, F. El-Sousy, O. Mohammed
The use of high frequency power converters to enhance power density and energy efficiency has become widely used in grid-connected hybrid DC microgrids. This paper presents a new modularized high frequency DC-link integration methodology that connects multisource renewable energy sources involves battery energy storage system (BESS) to the AC-grid. A grid-tie-inverter with a line inductor is introduced to control the active-reactive power flow. To minimize the converter physical size with improved system efficiency, a high frequency-based front-end multisource bridgeless boost (MBB) architecture is proposed here. A direct-mount decoupling snubber capacitor and a soft switching are used to reduce the switching losses resulted from the high-frequency operation. The performance of the proposed system is investigated. A direct digital approach is used to design the system controller in Matlab/Simulink R2022a environment. To validate the system performance, a 10 kW multi-source grid-connected experimental setup with dSPACE-1104 controller is constructed, tested, and compared with other conventional topologies. The test results verify the proposed topology effectiveness for hybrid grid-connected renewable energy resources integration.
{"title":"A Novel Front-End Single-Stage Bridgeless Boost Converter for Grid Integration of Multisource DC-Microgrid Applications","authors":"M. Amin, A. Soliman, F. El-Sousy, O. Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939763","url":null,"abstract":"The use of high frequency power converters to enhance power density and energy efficiency has become widely used in grid-connected hybrid DC microgrids. This paper presents a new modularized high frequency DC-link integration methodology that connects multisource renewable energy sources involves battery energy storage system (BESS) to the AC-grid. A grid-tie-inverter with a line inductor is introduced to control the active-reactive power flow. To minimize the converter physical size with improved system efficiency, a high frequency-based front-end multisource bridgeless boost (MBB) architecture is proposed here. A direct-mount decoupling snubber capacitor and a soft switching are used to reduce the switching losses resulted from the high-frequency operation. The performance of the proposed system is investigated. A direct digital approach is used to design the system controller in Matlab/Simulink R2022a environment. To validate the system performance, a 10 kW multi-source grid-connected experimental setup with dSPACE-1104 controller is constructed, tested, and compared with other conventional topologies. The test results verify the proposed topology effectiveness for hybrid grid-connected renewable energy resources integration.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130568159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939682
A. Ioannidis, T. Tsovilis
The energy stress of surge arresters installed in high voltage substations is computed by combining stochastic modeling of lightning incidence with an ATP-EMTP electromagnetic transients simulation model. An application is made to a 69 kV substation presented in IEEE Std 998. Results of this work indicate that the stochastic nature of the lightning attachment phenomenon shall be taken into account for the dimensioning and selection of the thermal energy rating of surge arresters installed in substations.
{"title":"Stochastic Modeling of Shielding Failures to Substations: Implications for the Energy Absorption Requirements of Surge Arresters","authors":"A. Ioannidis, T. Tsovilis","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9939682","url":null,"abstract":"The energy stress of surge arresters installed in high voltage substations is computed by combining stochastic modeling of lightning incidence with an ATP-EMTP electromagnetic transients simulation model. An application is made to a 69 kV substation presented in IEEE Std 998. Results of this work indicate that the stochastic nature of the lightning attachment phenomenon shall be taken into account for the dimensioning and selection of the thermal energy rating of surge arresters installed in substations.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123489162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940120
Deepika Chhetija, Z. Rather, S. Doolla
The fault detection and classification (FDAC) of the islanded industrial microgrids is challenging due to the low short circuit current from inverter based sources and the bidirectional nature of current. This article proposes a FDAC scheme, which utilizes the local voltage at the relays, placed at both sides of the line section. The relays can be programmed to adapt to the proposed scheme, and hence there is no need for additional communication. The transient monitoring function (TMF) of the voltage signal (Tv) is calculated, which gives the information of the fault transients. Compared to its pre-fault value, the faulty phase Tv significantly reduces during a fault. Therefore, the Tv of any phase less than a pre-defined threshold (Tth) confirms the occurrence of a faulty event and respective faulty phases. The nature of the Tv is studied with extensive simulations to decide the suitable Tth• The proposed scheme is validated on the modified CIGRE test microgrid for all eleven types of shunt faults. Several test cases are simulated in MATLAB Simulink at various locations with different inception angles, loading conditions, and fault resistances. The obtained results are found to be satisfactory for FDAC, with local information available at relaying points.
{"title":"A Communication-free Fault Detection and Classification Scheme for Industrial Microgrids","authors":"Deepika Chhetija, Z. Rather, S. Doolla","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940120","url":null,"abstract":"The fault detection and classification (FDAC) of the islanded industrial microgrids is challenging due to the low short circuit current from inverter based sources and the bidirectional nature of current. This article proposes a FDAC scheme, which utilizes the local voltage at the relays, placed at both sides of the line section. The relays can be programmed to adapt to the proposed scheme, and hence there is no need for additional communication. The transient monitoring function (TMF) of the voltage signal (Tv) is calculated, which gives the information of the fault transients. Compared to its pre-fault value, the faulty phase Tv significantly reduces during a fault. Therefore, the Tv of any phase less than a pre-defined threshold (Tth) confirms the occurrence of a faulty event and respective faulty phases. The nature of the Tv is studied with extensive simulations to decide the suitable Tth• The proposed scheme is validated on the modified CIGRE test microgrid for all eleven types of shunt faults. Several test cases are simulated in MATLAB Simulink at various locations with different inception angles, loading conditions, and fault resistances. The obtained results are found to be satisfactory for FDAC, with local information available at relaying points.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127374313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940026
Szu-Chi Peng, Zong-Lin Li, Surya Chandra Gulipalli, C. Chu
Parallel connections of three-phase Vienna rectifiers have been widely utilized to increase power ratings of charging stations. However, paralleled operations will introduce a path for the zero sequence circulating current (ZSCC) circulations. This problem will become worse especially for these rectifiers are operated under interleaved modes with unbalanced filter inductors. To mitigate these circulating currents, an integrated control scheme is proposed by mitigating the low frequency component of the ZSCC by PIR control in the inner-loop control and the high frequency component of the ZSCC by discontinuous PWM. Both numerical simulations and hardware experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
{"title":"Mitigating Circulating Currents of Parallel Three-Phase Vienna Rectifiers with Unbalanced Filter Inductors","authors":"Szu-Chi Peng, Zong-Lin Li, Surya Chandra Gulipalli, C. Chu","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940026","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel connections of three-phase Vienna rectifiers have been widely utilized to increase power ratings of charging stations. However, paralleled operations will introduce a path for the zero sequence circulating current (ZSCC) circulations. This problem will become worse especially for these rectifiers are operated under interleaved modes with unbalanced filter inductors. To mitigate these circulating currents, an integrated control scheme is proposed by mitigating the low frequency component of the ZSCC by PIR control in the inner-loop control and the high frequency component of the ZSCC by discontinuous PWM. Both numerical simulations and hardware experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127964040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940073
Mukesh Gautam, N. Bhusal, M. Benidris
After the occurrence of an extreme event, movable energy resources (MERs) can be an effective way to restore criti-cal loads to enhance power system resilience when no other forms of energy sources are available. Since the optimal locations of MERs after an extreme event are dependent on system operating states (e.g., loads at each node, on/off status of system branches, etc.), existing analytical and population-based approaches must repeat the entire analysis and computation when the system operating states change. Conversely, deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approaches can quickly determine optimal or near-optimal locations despite changes in system states if they are adequately trained with a variety of scenarios. The optimal deployment of MERs to improve power system resilience is proposed using a Deep Q-Learning-based approach. If they are available, MERs can also be used to supplement other types of resources. Following an extreme event, the proposed approach operates in two stages. The distribution network is modeled as a graph in the first stage, and Kruskal's spanning forest search algorithm (KSFSA) is used to reconfigure the network using tie-switches. The optimal or near-optimal locations of MERs are determined in the second stage to maximize critical load recovery. A case study on a 33-node distribution test system demonstrates the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed approach for post-disaster routing of MERs.
{"title":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Approach to Post-Disaster Routing of Movable Energy Resources","authors":"Mukesh Gautam, N. Bhusal, M. Benidris","doi":"10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS54023.2022.9940073","url":null,"abstract":"After the occurrence of an extreme event, movable energy resources (MERs) can be an effective way to restore criti-cal loads to enhance power system resilience when no other forms of energy sources are available. Since the optimal locations of MERs after an extreme event are dependent on system operating states (e.g., loads at each node, on/off status of system branches, etc.), existing analytical and population-based approaches must repeat the entire analysis and computation when the system operating states change. Conversely, deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approaches can quickly determine optimal or near-optimal locations despite changes in system states if they are adequately trained with a variety of scenarios. The optimal deployment of MERs to improve power system resilience is proposed using a Deep Q-Learning-based approach. If they are available, MERs can also be used to supplement other types of resources. Following an extreme event, the proposed approach operates in two stages. The distribution network is modeled as a graph in the first stage, and Kruskal's spanning forest search algorithm (KSFSA) is used to reconfigure the network using tie-switches. The optimal or near-optimal locations of MERs are determined in the second stage to maximize critical load recovery. A case study on a 33-node distribution test system demonstrates the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed approach for post-disaster routing of MERs.","PeriodicalId":193587,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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