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Computational-experimental study reveals direct target and bioactives of Ajania fruticulosa against NAFLD via TLR2/NF-κB/PPAR-γ signaling. 计算-实验研究揭示了水仙通过TLR2/NF-κB/PPAR-γ信号通路对NAFLD的直接靶向作用和生物活性。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00722-w
Chaoyue Chen, Lisha Ma, Awaguli Dawuti, Xin Feng, Shujie Chen, Xueyan An, Yulan Bai, Tianfeng Zhang, Mamatjan Aydin, Kashif Kashmiri, Zhancang Ma, Wei Zhang, Saimijiang Yaermaimaiti, Abudumijiti Abulizi

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with limited treatment options. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of water extract of Ajania fruticulosa (WEAF) against NAFLD in cellular and animal models. WEAF significantly attenuated obesity, lipid accumulation, liver injury, and inflammation in NAFLD mice. Next, UPLC-MS/MS-based network pharmacology and molecular biology revealed that WEAF alleviated NAFLD by TLR2-mediated MYD88/NF-κB and SREBP1/PPAR-γ pathways, with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, glycitein, and isorhapontigenin identified as the primary bioactive compounds. Finally, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, drug affinity responsive target stability, and cellular thermal shift assay confirmed that glycitein and isorhapontigenin directly bind to TLR2 to modulate the NF-κB/PPAR-γ signaling, and their anti-NAFLD effects were abolished by TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4. In conclusion, WEAF and its key active compounds, glycitein and isorhapontigenin, effectively ameliorate obesity-induced NAFLD via the NF-κB/PPAR-γ signaling pathway by targeting TLR2, supporting their potential as therapeutic target and agents for NAFLD.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是一种普遍存在的代谢性疾病,治疗方案有限。本研究在细胞和动物模型上研究了阿jania fruticulosa水提物对NAFLD的治疗潜力。WEAF可显著减轻NAFLD小鼠的肥胖、脂质积累、肝损伤和炎症。接下来,基于UPLC-MS/ ms的网络药理学和分子生物学研究发现,WEAF通过tlr2介导的MYD88/NF-κB和SREBP1/PPAR-γ途径缓解NAFLD,其中3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、糖苷和异糖苷原是主要的生物活性化合物。最后,通过分子对接、分子动力学、药物亲和响应靶标稳定性、细胞热移等实验,证实了糖苷和异糖蛋白原直接结合TLR2调控NF-κB/PPAR-γ信号,其抗nafld作用被TLR2激动剂Pam3CSK4所消除。综上所述,WEAF及其关键活性化合物glycitein和isorhapontigenin通过靶向TLR2,通过NF-κB/PPAR-γ信号通路有效改善肥胖诱导的NAFLD,支持其作为NAFLD治疗靶点和药物的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Tailored effects of coarse grain substitution on blood pressure via gut microbiota-metabolite networks and host gene variants: a randomized controlled trial. 粗粮替代通过肠道微生物代谢物网络和宿主基因变异对血压的特定影响:一项随机对照试验。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00708-8
Junqi Li, Yifei He, Juan He, Jiawen Xie, Chen He, Kaizhen Jia, Menghan Wang, Wei Li, Xinran Feng, Guoqing Ma, Amei Tang, Kun Xu, Haozhi Niu, Xia Liao, Hang Yu, Lin Shi, Lu Li, Linyuan Si, Fangyao Chen, Baibing Mi, Tian Tian, Xin Liu

We previously reported inverse associations of coarse grain (CG) intake with blood pressure, mediated by metabolites and gut microbiota. In this 12-week randomized controlled trial among 172 prehypertension participants, both the CG (100 g/day) group and the control group (refined grain) showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over 12 weeks, with no significant time by group interaction. In the exploratory analyses of secondary outcomes, significant time by group interactions were detected for 26 taxa (such as g__Lactococcus and g__Faecalibacterium), associated with 23 differential fecal metabolites, which in turn were correlated with blood pressure changes over the CG intervention. Microbial ATP-binding cassette transporter was highlighted in the pathway annotation for the CG-derived differential microbial taxa. Baseline gut microbiota exhibited predictive potential for blood pressure reduction, while host ABO variance rs514659 modulated the intervention effect on SBP and DBP (P interaction < 0.05), providing preliminary evidence for the tailored nutrition strategies optimizing blood pressure and gut microbiota profiles.

我们之前报道了粗粮(CG)摄入与血压呈负相关,由代谢物和肠道微生物群介导。在这项为期12周的随机对照试验中,172名高血压前期参与者中,CG (100 g/天)组和对照组(精制谷物)在12周内均显示收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)显著降低,组间相互作用无显著时间。在次要结果的探索性分析中,检测到26个分类群(如g_lactococcus和g_faecalibacterium)与23种不同的粪便代谢物相关,而这些代谢物又与CG干预期间的血压变化相关。微生物atp结合盒转运体在cg衍生的差异微生物分类群的通路注释中突出显示。基线肠道微生物群显示出血压降低的预测潜力,而宿主ABO方差rs514659调节了收缩压和舒张压的干预作用(P交互作用< 0.05),为量身定制的营养策略优化血压和肠道微生物群谱提供了初步证据。
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引用次数: 0
A unified knowledge graph linking foodomics to chemical-disease networks and flavor profiles. 将食物组学与化学疾病网络和风味档案联系起来的统一知识图谱。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-025-00680-9
Fangzhou Li, Jason Youn, Kaichi Xie, Trevor Chan, Pranav Gupta, Arielle Yoo, Michael Gunning, Keer Ni, Ilias Tagkopoulos

Modern nutrition science still lacks a comprehensive, machine-readable map linking diet to molecular composition and biological effects. Here we present FoodAtlas, a large-scale knowledge graph that links 1430 foods to 3610 chemicals, 2181 diseases, and 958 flavor descriptors through 96,981 provenance-tracked edges. A transformer-based text-mining pipeline extracted 48,474 quantitative food-chemical associations from 125,723 literature sentences (F1 = 0.67) and integrated them with 23,211 chemical-disease assertions from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, 15,222 chemical-bioactivity records from ChEMBL, 3645 flavor annotations from FlavorDB and PubChem, and 6429 taxonomic relationships. Graph embeddings revealed six dietary modules whose signature metabolites delineate distinct, multisystem disease-risk trajectories. Models built on FoodAtlas demonstrate practical utility: a bioactivity predictor achieved strong correlation with antioxidant assays (R² = 0.52; ρ = 0.72), and a substitution engine reduced simulated total disease risk by 11.9%.

现代营养科学仍然缺乏一个将饮食与分子组成和生物效应联系起来的全面的、机器可读的图谱。在这里,我们展示了FoodAtlas,这是一个大规模的知识图谱,通过96,981条溯源边将1430种食物与3610种化学物质、2181种疾病和958种风味描述符联系起来。基于转换器的文本挖掘管道从125,723个文献句子中提取了48,474个定量食品化学关联(F1 = 0.67),并将它们与比较毒物基因组数据库中的23,211个化学疾病断言、ChEMBL中的15,222个化学生物活性记录、FlavorDB和PubChem中的3645个风味注释以及6429个分类关系进行整合。图嵌入显示了六个饮食模块,其标志性代谢物描绘了不同的多系统疾病风险轨迹。建立在FoodAtlas上的模型显示了实际效用:生物活性预测器与抗氧化测定具有很强的相关性(R²= 0.52;ρ = 0.72),替代引擎将模拟的总疾病风险降低了11.9%。
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引用次数: 0
Discretionary foods have notable environmental and expenditure relevance across meat and plant protein preferences. 在肉类和植物蛋白偏好方面,可自由选择的食品具有显著的环境和支出相关性。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00721-x
Jelena Meinilä, Rachel Mazac, Henna Vepsäläinen, Juha-Matti Katajajuuri, Hanna L Tuomisto, Mikael Fogelholm, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Jaakko Nevalainen

Real-world data help clarify the contribution of food to nutrition, the environment, and food expenditure. We studied the implications of a hypothetical transition in protein sources for these sustainability dimensions using loyalty-card holders' (n = 22,901) food purchases. Six consumer clusters were identified via sequence analysis, representing realistic transitions in protein sources alongside other food consumption changes. Cross-sectional comparisons revealed that higher expenditure of Plant-based and Fish clusters per 2500 kcal was largely driven by other food groups than the protein sources, while the protein source expenditure was relatively consistent across clusters. Environmental impact differences were largely attributable to the protein sources, with meat and fish contributing the most. Aside from protein sources, discretionary foods accounted for 22% of spending and contributed up to 17-32% of environmental impacts. Therefore, alongside protein source changes, reducing discretionary food consumption could yield notable environmental benefits and allow reallocation of expenditure towards more nutritious foods.

实际数据有助于阐明粮食对营养、环境和粮食支出的贡献。我们利用忠诚卡持有者(n = 22,901)的食物购买情况,研究了假设的蛋白质来源转变对这些可持续性维度的影响。通过序列分析确定了六个消费者群,代表了蛋白质来源和其他食物消费变化的现实转变。横断面比较显示,植物和鱼类每2500千卡的较高消耗主要是由其他食物组而不是蛋白质来源驱动的,而蛋白质来源的消耗在集群之间相对一致。环境影响差异主要归因于蛋白质来源,其中肉类和鱼类贡献最大。除了蛋白质来源外,可自由支配的食品占支出的22%,对环境的影响高达17-32%。因此,在改变蛋白质来源的同时,减少可自由支配的食物消费可以产生显著的环境效益,并允许将支出重新分配给更有营养的食物。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomics aided by machine learning decodes adaptive remodeling of Bacillus biofilms in response to pasteurization stress. 机器学习辅助的代谢组学解码了芽孢杆菌生物膜在巴氏灭菌胁迫下的适应性重塑。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00712-y
Lijiao Liang, Ping Wang, Xiaomei Zhao, Zheren Wang, Beibei Xu, Qinglong Ji, Di Wu, Ying Chen

The popularity of low-temperature dairy products is challenged by Bacillus species, whose heat-resistant spores and biofilms often survive pasteurization. Moreover, heat treatment can paradoxically enhance biofilm formation in some Bacillus spp., a phenomenon whose metabolic basis is not fully understood. Combining untargeted metabolomics with random forest analysis, we decoded the metabolic adaptations behind this heat-induced biofilm enhancement in raw milk Bacillus isolates. Our results demonstrate strain-specific mechanisms: in BC01, heat stress activated glutaminase, depleting L-glutamine and free histidine to relieve metabolic inhibition and activate biofilm genes, while reduced xanthosine promoted the biofilm-state transition. In BS01, metabolic network restructuring led to decreased synthesis of arginine, D-amino acid, dopamine, and arachidonic acid, thereby mitigating their known inhibitory effects on biofilm formation. This study clarifies the metabolic drivers of biofilm adaptation under heat stress, highlighting novel targets for metabolic intervention in dairy safety.

低温乳制品的普及受到芽孢杆菌的挑战,芽孢杆菌的耐热孢子和生物膜通常能在巴氏灭菌中存活下来。此外,热处理可以矛盾地促进某些芽孢杆菌的生物膜形成,这种现象的代谢基础尚未完全了解。结合非靶向代谢组学和随机森林分析,我们解码了原料乳芽孢杆菌分离株热诱导生物膜增强背后的代谢适应。我们的研究结果证明了菌株特异性机制:在BC01中,热应激激活谷氨酰胺酶,消耗l -谷氨酰胺和游离组氨酸来缓解代谢抑制并激活生物膜基因,而减少的黄嘌呤促进了生物膜状态的转变。在BS01中,代谢网络重组导致精氨酸、d -氨基酸、多巴胺和花生四烯酸的合成减少,从而减轻了它们对生物膜形成的抑制作用。本研究阐明了热应激下生物膜适应的代谢驱动因素,为代谢干预乳制品安全提供了新的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction Note: Recent advances and challenges in single cell protein (SCP) technologies for food and feed production. 食品和饲料生产中单细胞蛋白(SCP)技术的最新进展和挑战。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00718-6
Yu Pin Li, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Khalil Kariman, Maximilian Lackner
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic changes and early warning of peanuts aflatoxin B1 contamination in China in the context of climate change. 气候变化背景下中国花生黄曲霉毒素B1污染动态变化及预警
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-025-00696-1
Can Guo, Ya Zhao, Ao Liu, Du Wang, Xiao Wang, Li Yu, Fei Ma, Xuefang Wang, Mengxue Fang, Xiaoxia Ding, Antonio Francesco Logrieco, Peiwu Li, Liangxiao Zhang

Aflatoxin contamination is a major food safety concern and has a particularly negative impact on peanuts. Climate conditions are known to influence the natural occurrence of mycotoxins; however, the specific impacts of climate change on the prevalence of aflatoxin remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed a national-scale dataset comprising 17263 records of peanut aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in China from 2009 to 2022. Our results revealed that the occurrence of AFB1 contamination in 2017 and 2021 significantly increased compared with that in 2009. The key climatic drivers included nighttime temperature, wind speed, and precipitation. Notably, temperature variations explain 49.46% of the observed increase. In a high-emissions scenario, future projections estimated that AFB1 contamination would reach 15.06 μg·kg⁻¹ by the end of the century, representing a 8.50% increase relative to the current level. In 2022, the AFB1 level in approximately 478,400 metric tons of peanuts exceeded the regulatory limit, and the amount was projected to rise to 1.16 million metric tons by 2100. These results underscore the urgent need to enhance aflatoxin surveillance and develop proactive strategies to mitigate aflatoxin contamination under accelerating climate change.

黄曲霉毒素污染是一个主要的食品安全问题,对花生的负面影响尤其严重。已知气候条件会影响真菌毒素的自然发生;然而,气候变化对黄曲霉毒素流行的具体影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们分析了一个全国性的数据集,其中包括2009年至2022年中国花生黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)污染的17263份记录。我们的研究结果显示,2017年和2021年AFB1污染的发生率较2009年显著增加。关键的气候驱动因素包括夜间温度、风速和降水。值得注意的是,温度变化解释了观测到的增加的49.46%。在高排放的情况下,根据未来的预测,到本世纪末,AFB1的污染将达到15.06 μg·kg⁻¹,比目前的水平增加8.50%。2022年,大约478,400公吨花生中AFB1的含量超过了监管限制,预计到2100年,这一数量将增加到116万吨。这些结果强调了在气候变化加速的情况下加强黄曲霉毒素监测和制定积极主动的策略以减轻黄曲霉毒素污染的迫切需要。
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引用次数: 0
Natural deep eutectic solvents as a sustainable alternative for multi-class pesticide extraction in food safety analysis. 天然深共熔溶剂作为食品安全分析中多类农药提取的可持续选择。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00717-7
Laura Carbonell-Rozas, Ivan Aloisi, Antonia Garrido Frenich, Hans Mol, Laura Righetti

Pesticide residue analysis in food is frequently carried out worldwide, often requiring a large volume of organic solvents. To improve sustainability, new generation solvents such as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to conventional solvents. This study demonstrates the applicability of NADES as green extraction solvents for pesticides in food samples prior to analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The present research goes beyond previous studies by covering an extended set of pesticide residues. For that, five hydrophilic and hydrophobic NADES were evaluated as extraction solvents in a solid-liquid extraction (SLE). Initially, eleven representative pesticides covering a broad range of chemical classes and physicochemical properties were selected, while food matrices were chosen to cover different commodity groups according to SANTE/11312/2021v2, including orange, wheat, and spinach. NADES were tailored in order to cover a wide range of physicochemical properties such as polarity, pH, and viscosity. Thymol: menthol (molar ratio, 1:1) was found to be the most effective, and key extraction parameters were optimized. The greenness and transferability of the NADES-based SLE were evaluated using the AGREEprep and BAGI metrics. Finally, the method was successfully validated for the extraction of a wide range of pesticides commonly analyzed in food safety assessments.

食品中农药残留分析在世界范围内频繁开展,往往需要大量的有机溶剂。为了提高可持续性,新一代溶剂如天然深共晶溶剂(NADES)最近成为传统溶剂的有前途的替代品。本研究验证了NADES作为绿色萃取溶剂在液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析前的适用性。目前的研究超越了以往的研究,涵盖了更广泛的农药残留。为此,对5种亲水性和疏水性NADES作为固液萃取(SLE)的萃取溶剂进行了评价。最初,选择了11种具有代表性的农药,涵盖了广泛的化学类别和理化性质,而根据SANTE/11312/2021v2,选择了食品基质来覆盖不同的商品组,包括橙子、小麦和菠菜。NADES的定制是为了涵盖广泛的物理化学性质,如极性、pH值和粘度。以百里酚:薄荷醇(摩尔比为1:1)为最佳提取工艺,并对关键提取工艺进行了优化。使用AGREEprep和BAGI指标评估基于nades的SLE的绿色度和可转移性。最后,该方法成功地用于食品安全评估中常用的多种农药的提取。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated metabolomics and metagenomics uncover pathogenic mechanisms of Fusarium wilt and faba bean defense responses. 综合代谢组学和宏基因组学揭示了枯萎病和蚕豆防御反应的致病机制。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-025-00673-8
Jiaqi Zheng, Chaowen Zhang, Siheng Xiang, Mengqing Li, Hongji Wang, Kexin Shi, Dorjeeh Tondrob, Yuzhu Han

Fusarium wilt diseases pose a huge threat to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production globally, with significant outbreaks in Chongqing, China. Symptomatic plants showed wilting leaves and rotten roots, ultimately perishing in the advanced stage. Morphological features, multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests demonstrated that the primary causal agent was Fusarium oxysporum. Untargeted metabolomics of faba beans revealed substantial metabolic differences in the infected faba bean roots. Plants responded to fungal biotic stress by reprogramming key metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, the citrate cycle, arginine biosynthesis, and jasmonic acid metabolism, which collectively underscore activated defense responses. Metagenome sequencing showed that Fusarium wilt significantly reshaped the structure of the rhizosphere microbiota and affected the abundance of genes encoding element cycling in soil. This work elucidates the pathogenic mechanisms of F. oxysporum by integrating pathogen identification, host metabolism, and microbiome ecology. Our findings offer biomarkers for disease diagnosis and targets for biocontrol, advancing sustainable management of Fusarium wilt diseases in legumes.

枯萎病对全球蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)生产构成巨大威胁,在中国重庆发生了重大疫情。有症状植株表现为叶萎、根腐,后期最终死亡。形态学特征、多位点系统发育分析和致病性试验表明,主要病原是尖孢镰刀菌。蚕豆的非靶向代谢组学揭示了感染蚕豆根的实质性代谢差异。植物通过重编程关键代谢途径来应对真菌生物胁迫,包括丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、柠檬酸循环、精氨酸生物合成和茉莉酸代谢,这些都强调了激活的防御反应。宏基因组测序结果表明,枯萎病显著重塑了根际微生物群的结构,并影响了土壤中元素循环编码基因的丰度。本文从病原菌鉴定、寄主代谢、微生物生态等方面阐述了尖孢镰刀菌的致病机制。本研究结果为豆类枯萎病的诊断提供了生物标志物和生物防治靶点,促进了豆类枯萎病的可持续管理。
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引用次数: 0
Metal element drivers of rice sensory variation revealed by ICP-MS and electronic tongue predictive modeling. 利用ICP-MS和电子舌预测模型揭示水稻感官变异的金属元素驱动因素。
IF 7.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-026-00719-5
Guofeng Tan, Chenchen Liu, Yan Tong, Yun Wang, Shiyi Tian, Lijing Ke, Yuezhong Mao

Metal accumulation in rice grains influenced both nutritional composition and consumer-perceived eating quality. Concentrations of 26 metal elements were quantified in 36 rice samples by ICP-MS, and hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the samples into three categories. ANOVA revealed significant differences in essential elements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu) and non-essential or potentially toxic elements (Al, Ba, B), highlighting their contribution to classification. Sensory evaluation of representative samples demonstrated pronounced variation in odor, taste, palatability, and overall eating quality. Pearson correlation and PLSR-VIP analyses identified Ag, Al, B, Ba, Co, and V as strongly and negatively associated with sensory traits, whereas Ca and Fe exerted attribute-specific effects. Electronic tongue analysis with PCA achieved clear group separation, and a SVM model reached 93% overall accuracy. These results established a close linkage between elemental profiles and sensory performance, providing a framework for rapid, objective, and non-destructive rice quality assessment.

金属在稻米中的积累影响营养成分和消费者感知的饮食质量。采用ICP-MS法测定了36份大米样品中26种金属元素的含量,并采用聚类分析法将样品分为三类。方差分析揭示了必需元素(Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu)和非必需或潜在有毒元素(Al, Ba, B)的显著差异,突出了它们对分类的贡献。对代表性样品的感官评价表明,在气味、味道、适口性和整体饮食质量方面存在显著差异。Pearson相关分析和PLSR-VIP分析表明,Ag、Al、B、Ba、Co和V与感官性状呈显著负相关,而Ca和Fe则发挥属性特异性作用。采用主成分分析的电子舌分析实现了清晰的分组分离,SVM模型总体准确率达到93%。这些结果建立了元素特征与感官性能之间的密切联系,为快速、客观和无损的稻米品质评价提供了框架。
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引用次数: 0
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NPJ Science of Food
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