Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00319-1
Maria-Eleni Dimitrakopoulou, Manos Karvounis, George Marinos, Zacharoula Theodorakopoulou, Eleni Aloizou, George Petsangourakis, Mihalis Papakonstantinou, Giannis Stoitsis
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose an emerging environmental risk impacting food products and ecosystems. This study analyzes over 150,000 entries from food safety authorities and scientific publications from 2017 onwards. Our findings show that fish & seafood, and biota have the highest PFAS concentrations due to environmental contamination and bioaccumulation. Surface water samples also frequently contain PFAS, raising concerns about long-term ecological and human health effects. Comprehensive strategies are essential to mitigate these risks.
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of PFAS presence from environment to plate","authors":"Maria-Eleni Dimitrakopoulou, Manos Karvounis, George Marinos, Zacharoula Theodorakopoulou, Eleni Aloizou, George Petsangourakis, Mihalis Papakonstantinou, Giannis Stoitsis","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00319-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00319-1","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose an emerging environmental risk impacting food products and ecosystems. This study analyzes over 150,000 entries from food safety authorities and scientific publications from 2017 onwards. Our findings show that fish & seafood, and biota have the highest PFAS concentrations due to environmental contamination and bioaccumulation. Surface water samples also frequently contain PFAS, raising concerns about long-term ecological and human health effects. Comprehensive strategies are essential to mitigate these risks.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00319-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00317-3
Lipin Chen, Qian Hua, Mei Zhen Michelle Ten, Zhaojie Li, Changhu Xue, Dan Li
This study developed a postbiotic fermentation solution for fresh oyster preservation with the use of food waste soy whey. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V was able to proliferate in soy whey within 24 h without any supplementation. Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) were immersed in the postbiotic fermentation solution and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. Pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enterica introduced by bioaccumulation were suppressed to levels below the detection limit (<2 log CFU/g) within 4 days. The spoilage-related microbial parameters and chemical parameters were maintained at low levels across the 12 days. Sensory evaluation revealed that the product had a positive effect on most of the participants (>60%). Overall, the postbiotic fermentation solution reported in this study enhanced the shelf life and safety of oysters in a sustainable way and could also be recognized as an innovative probiotic vehicle with potential implications for human health promotion.
{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V-fermented soy whey improved the safety and shelf life of Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas)","authors":"Lipin Chen, Qian Hua, Mei Zhen Michelle Ten, Zhaojie Li, Changhu Xue, Dan Li","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00317-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00317-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a postbiotic fermentation solution for fresh oyster preservation with the use of food waste soy whey. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V was able to proliferate in soy whey within 24 h without any supplementation. Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) were immersed in the postbiotic fermentation solution and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. Pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enterica introduced by bioaccumulation were suppressed to levels below the detection limit (<2 log CFU/g) within 4 days. The spoilage-related microbial parameters and chemical parameters were maintained at low levels across the 12 days. Sensory evaluation revealed that the product had a positive effect on most of the participants (>60%). Overall, the postbiotic fermentation solution reported in this study enhanced the shelf life and safety of oysters in a sustainable way and could also be recognized as an innovative probiotic vehicle with potential implications for human health promotion.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00317-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00316-4
Jihyeon Kim, Yejin Noh, David Julian McClements, Seung Jun Choi
This study investigated the impact of water-soluble substances on Ostwald ripening in emulsions stabilized by surfactants with different head groups (Brij S20 and Tween 60). Adding ≥20% (w/w) corn oil to the oil phase effectively inhibited Ostwald ripening of n-decane emulsions due to compositional ripening. The presence of glucose, maltose, or glycerol in the aqueous phase of the emulsions decreased the Ostwald ripening rate, regardless of emulsifier type. However, the impact of propylene glycol depended on emulsifier type, accelerating Ostwald ripening in Brij S20-stabilized emulsions but having little effect in Tween 60-stabilized emulsions. This effect was mainly attributed to the ability of propylene glycol to alter interfacial characteristics. When emulsions were fabricated with a mixture of n-decane and corn oil, glucose and maltose were still effective in inhibiting Ostwald ripening, but glycerol lost its ability. These results have important implications for formulating emulsion-based delivery systems with enhanced shelf life.
{"title":"Impact of hydrophilic substances on Ostwald ripening in emulsions stabilized by varied hydrophilic group surfactants","authors":"Jihyeon Kim, Yejin Noh, David Julian McClements, Seung Jun Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00316-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00316-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of water-soluble substances on Ostwald ripening in emulsions stabilized by surfactants with different head groups (Brij S20 and Tween 60). Adding ≥20% (w/w) corn oil to the oil phase effectively inhibited Ostwald ripening of n-decane emulsions due to compositional ripening. The presence of glucose, maltose, or glycerol in the aqueous phase of the emulsions decreased the Ostwald ripening rate, regardless of emulsifier type. However, the impact of propylene glycol depended on emulsifier type, accelerating Ostwald ripening in Brij S20-stabilized emulsions but having little effect in Tween 60-stabilized emulsions. This effect was mainly attributed to the ability of propylene glycol to alter interfacial characteristics. When emulsions were fabricated with a mixture of n-decane and corn oil, glucose and maltose were still effective in inhibiting Ostwald ripening, but glycerol lost its ability. These results have important implications for formulating emulsion-based delivery systems with enhanced shelf life.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00316-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00321-7
Hang Li, Hui Xu, Shuo Yao, Shengnan Wei, Yi Liu, Xuening Shi, Wei Zhao, Chao Zhao
Pathogens detection is a crucial measure in the prevention of foodborne diseases. This study developed a novel multicolor colorimetric assay to visually detect Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), by utilizing the etching process of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with TMB2+. The strategy involved the construction of nanozyme by assembling magnetic covalent organic framework (MCOF) with aptamer-conjugated AuNPs (Apt-AuNPs), exhibiting remarkable peroxidase-like activity to catalyze the oxidation of TMB/H2O2 and inducing the etching of AuNRs. The presence of S. Typhimurium could inhibit this process, resulting in the generation of vivid colors. The multicolor colorimetric assay could specifically determine S. Typhimurium from 102 to 108 CFU mL−1 in 60 min with visual detection limit of 102 CFU mL−1, and instrumental detection limit of 2.3 CFU mL−1. Moreover, detecting S. Typhimurium in chicken, milk, pork and lettuce samples has shown promise in practical applications.
{"title":"Target-inhibited MCOF-Apt-AuNPs self-assembly for multicolor colorimetric detection of Salmonella Typhimurium","authors":"Hang Li, Hui Xu, Shuo Yao, Shengnan Wei, Yi Liu, Xuening Shi, Wei Zhao, Chao Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00321-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00321-7","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogens detection is a crucial measure in the prevention of foodborne diseases. This study developed a novel multicolor colorimetric assay to visually detect Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), by utilizing the etching process of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with TMB2+. The strategy involved the construction of nanozyme by assembling magnetic covalent organic framework (MCOF) with aptamer-conjugated AuNPs (Apt-AuNPs), exhibiting remarkable peroxidase-like activity to catalyze the oxidation of TMB/H2O2 and inducing the etching of AuNRs. The presence of S. Typhimurium could inhibit this process, resulting in the generation of vivid colors. The multicolor colorimetric assay could specifically determine S. Typhimurium from 102 to 108 CFU mL−1 in 60 min with visual detection limit of 102 CFU mL−1, and instrumental detection limit of 2.3 CFU mL−1. Moreover, detecting S. Typhimurium in chicken, milk, pork and lettuce samples has shown promise in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00321-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00315-5
Lucas Krusinski, Isabella C. F. Maciel, Stephan van Vliet, Muhammad Ahsin, Julianna Adams, Guanqi Lu, Chad A. Bitler, Jason E. Rowntree, Jenifer I. Fenton
Beef raised using rotational grazing practices on biodiverse pastures offers potential benefits to animal and environmental health and can improve the nutrient density of meat to favor human health. However, many cattle producers contend with the seasonal unavailability of fresh forage, necessitating the utilization of supplementary feeds or indoor feeding. The objective of this study was to profile secondary metabolites and fatty acids in grass-finished beef supplemented with different feeds (4.5 kg/head/day) and to explore the potential for grass-finished beef authentication. In this two-year study, steers (n = 115) were randomly allocated to one of four diets: 1) pastured/supplemented with hay (control group), 2) pastured/supplemented with baleage, 3) pastured/supplemented with soybean hulls, or 4) baleage/soybean hulls in confinement. Secondary metabolites and fatty acids were measured using UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. Of the 94 measured metabolites, pyridoxine, alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, and gallic acid differed between diets (p < 0.05 for all). Based on random forest classification, beef from the pasture/hay, pasture/baleage, pasture/soybean hulls, and confinement baleage/soybean hulls groups could be identified with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 50%, 41%, and 97%, respectively. Although minimal significant differences were observed, our data indicate that certain supplemental feeds maintain favorable nutritional profiles of grass-finished beef. In addition, metabolomics can predict cattle on exclusively forage-based or feed-based diets with a high degree of certainty.
{"title":"Fatty acids and secondary metabolites can predict grass-finished beef and supplemental cattle feeds","authors":"Lucas Krusinski, Isabella C. F. Maciel, Stephan van Vliet, Muhammad Ahsin, Julianna Adams, Guanqi Lu, Chad A. Bitler, Jason E. Rowntree, Jenifer I. Fenton","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00315-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00315-5","url":null,"abstract":"Beef raised using rotational grazing practices on biodiverse pastures offers potential benefits to animal and environmental health and can improve the nutrient density of meat to favor human health. However, many cattle producers contend with the seasonal unavailability of fresh forage, necessitating the utilization of supplementary feeds or indoor feeding. The objective of this study was to profile secondary metabolites and fatty acids in grass-finished beef supplemented with different feeds (4.5 kg/head/day) and to explore the potential for grass-finished beef authentication. In this two-year study, steers (n = 115) were randomly allocated to one of four diets: 1) pastured/supplemented with hay (control group), 2) pastured/supplemented with baleage, 3) pastured/supplemented with soybean hulls, or 4) baleage/soybean hulls in confinement. Secondary metabolites and fatty acids were measured using UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. Of the 94 measured metabolites, pyridoxine, alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, and gallic acid differed between diets (p < 0.05 for all). Based on random forest classification, beef from the pasture/hay, pasture/baleage, pasture/soybean hulls, and confinement baleage/soybean hulls groups could be identified with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 50%, 41%, and 97%, respectively. Although minimal significant differences were observed, our data indicate that certain supplemental feeds maintain favorable nutritional profiles of grass-finished beef. In addition, metabolomics can predict cattle on exclusively forage-based or feed-based diets with a high degree of certainty.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00315-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00310-w
X. Wang, T. Borjesson, J. Wetterlind, H. J. van der Fels-Klerx
Weather conditions and agronomical factors are known to affect Fusarium spp. growth and ultimately deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in oat. This study aimed to develop predictive models for the contamination of spring oat at harvest with DON on a regional basis in Sweden using machine-learning algorithms. Three models were developed as regional risk-assessment tools for farmers, crop collectors, and food safety inspectors, respectively. Data included: weather data from different oat growing periods, agronomical data, site-specific data, and DON contamination data from the previous year. Results showed that: (1) RF models were able to predict DON contamination at harvest with a total classification accuracy of minimal 0.72; (2) good predictions could already be made in June; (3) rainfall, relative humidity, and wind speed in different oat growing stages, followed by crop variety and elevation were the most important features for predicting DON contamination in spring oats at harvest.
众所周知，天气条件和农艺因素会影响镰刀菌属的生长，并最终影响燕麦中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）污染。本研究旨在利用机器学习算法开发瑞典地区春燕麦收获时 DON 污染的预测模型。开发的三个模型分别作为地区风险评估工具，供农民、农作物采集员和食品安全检查人员使用。数据包括：不同燕麦生长期的天气数据、农艺数据、特定地点数据和前一年的 DON 污染数据。结果表明(1) 射频模型能够预测收获时的 DON 污染情况，总分类准确率最低为 0.72；(2) 6 月份就能做出较好的预测；(3) 不同燕麦生长阶段的降雨量、相对湿度和风速是预测收获时春燕麦 DON 污染情况的最重要特征，其次是作物品种和海拔高度。
{"title":"Prediction of deoxynivalenol contamination in spring oats in Sweden using explainable artificial intelligence","authors":"X. Wang, T. Borjesson, J. Wetterlind, H. J. van der Fels-Klerx","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00310-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00310-w","url":null,"abstract":"Weather conditions and agronomical factors are known to affect Fusarium spp. growth and ultimately deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in oat. This study aimed to develop predictive models for the contamination of spring oat at harvest with DON on a regional basis in Sweden using machine-learning algorithms. Three models were developed as regional risk-assessment tools for farmers, crop collectors, and food safety inspectors, respectively. Data included: weather data from different oat growing periods, agronomical data, site-specific data, and DON contamination data from the previous year. Results showed that: (1) RF models were able to predict DON contamination at harvest with a total classification accuracy of minimal 0.72; (2) good predictions could already be made in June; (3) rainfall, relative humidity, and wind speed in different oat growing stages, followed by crop variety and elevation were the most important features for predicting DON contamination in spring oats at harvest.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00310-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00320-8
Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez, Carlos Sabater, Inés Calvete-Torre, Elisa G. Doyagüez, Ana M. Muñoz-Labrador, Cristina Julio-Gonzalez, Blanca de las Rivas, Rosario Muñoz, Lorena Ruiz, Abelardo Margolles, José M. Mancheño, F. Javier Moreno
This multidisciplinary study details the biosynthesis of novel non-digestible oligosaccharides derived from rare sugars, achieved through transfructosylation of D-tagatose and L-sorbose by levansucrase from Bacillus subtilis CECT 39 (SacB). The characterization of these carbohydrates using NMR and molecular docking was instrumental in elucidating the catalytic mechanism and substrate preference of SacB. Tagatose-based oligosaccharides were higher in abundance than L-sorbose-based oligosaccharides, with the most representative structures being: β-D-Fru-(2→6)-β-D-Fru-(2→1)-D-Tag and β-D-Fru-(2→1)-D-Tag. In vitro studies demonstrated the resistance of tagatose-based oligosaccharides to intestinal digestion and their prebiotic properties, providing insights into their structure-function relationship. β-D-Fru-(2→1)-D-Tag was the most resistant structure to small-intestinal digestion after three hours (99.8% remained unaltered). This disaccharide and the commercial FOS clustered in similar branches, indicating comparable modulatory properties on human fecal microbiota, and exerted a higher bifidogenic effect than unmodified tagatose. The bioconversion of selected rare sugars into β-fructosylated species with a higher degree of polymerization emerges as an efficient strategy to enhance the bioavailability of these carbohydrates and promote their interaction with the gut microbiota. These findings open up new opportunities for tailoring natural rare sugars, like D-tagatose and L-sorbose, to produce novel biosynthesized carbohydrates with functional and structural properties desirable for use as emerging prebiotics and low-calorie sweeteners.
{"title":"Tailoring the natural rare sugars D-tagatose and L-sorbose to produce novel functional carbohydrates","authors":"Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez, Carlos Sabater, Inés Calvete-Torre, Elisa G. Doyagüez, Ana M. Muñoz-Labrador, Cristina Julio-Gonzalez, Blanca de las Rivas, Rosario Muñoz, Lorena Ruiz, Abelardo Margolles, José M. Mancheño, F. Javier Moreno","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00320-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00320-8","url":null,"abstract":"This multidisciplinary study details the biosynthesis of novel non-digestible oligosaccharides derived from rare sugars, achieved through transfructosylation of D-tagatose and L-sorbose by levansucrase from Bacillus subtilis CECT 39 (SacB). The characterization of these carbohydrates using NMR and molecular docking was instrumental in elucidating the catalytic mechanism and substrate preference of SacB. Tagatose-based oligosaccharides were higher in abundance than L-sorbose-based oligosaccharides, with the most representative structures being: β-D-Fru-(2→6)-β-D-Fru-(2→1)-D-Tag and β-D-Fru-(2→1)-D-Tag. In vitro studies demonstrated the resistance of tagatose-based oligosaccharides to intestinal digestion and their prebiotic properties, providing insights into their structure-function relationship. β-D-Fru-(2→1)-D-Tag was the most resistant structure to small-intestinal digestion after three hours (99.8% remained unaltered). This disaccharide and the commercial FOS clustered in similar branches, indicating comparable modulatory properties on human fecal microbiota, and exerted a higher bifidogenic effect than unmodified tagatose. The bioconversion of selected rare sugars into β-fructosylated species with a higher degree of polymerization emerges as an efficient strategy to enhance the bioavailability of these carbohydrates and promote their interaction with the gut microbiota. These findings open up new opportunities for tailoring natural rare sugars, like D-tagatose and L-sorbose, to produce novel biosynthesized carbohydrates with functional and structural properties desirable for use as emerging prebiotics and low-calorie sweeteners.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00320-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00312-8
Ke Huang, Xiangcheng Sun, Yujing Li, Panpan Xu, Na Li, Xuehong Wu, Ming Pang, Yuan Sui
The wilt disease of ginger, caused by various Fusarium species, imperils the cultivation of this valuable crop. However, the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology of ginger wilt remain elusive. Here, we investigate the association between ginger rhizome health and the prevalence of Fusarium conidia, as well as examine fungal community composition in symptomatic and asymptomatic ginger tissues. Our findings show that diseased rhizomes have reduced tissue firmness, correlating negatively with Fusarium conidia counts. Pathogenicity assays confirmed that both Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are capable of inducing wilt symptoms in rhizomes and sterile seedlings. Furthermore, Fungal community profiling revealed Fusarium to be the dominant taxon across all samples, yet its relative abundance was significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues. Specifically, there is a higher incidence of Fusarium amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in symptomatic above-ground parts. Our results unequivocally implicate F. oxysporum or F. solani as the etiological agents responsible for ginger wilt and demonstrate that Fusarium is the principal fungal pathogen associated with this disease. These findings provide critical insights for efficacious disease management practices within the ginger industry.
由多种镰刀菌引起的生姜枯萎病危害着这种珍贵作物的种植。然而，生姜枯萎病的致病机制和流行病学仍然难以捉摸。在此，我们研究了生姜根茎健康与镰刀菌分生孢子流行之间的关系，并考察了有症状和无症状生姜组织中的真菌群落组成。我们的研究结果表明，有病的根茎组织坚硬度降低，与镰刀菌分生孢子数量呈负相关。致病性试验证实，氧孢镰刀菌和茄镰刀菌都能诱导根茎和不育秧苗出现枯萎病症状。此外，真菌群落分析表明，镰刀菌是所有样本中的优势类群，但其相对丰度在有症状和无症状组织中存在显著差异。特别是，在有症状的地上部分，镰刀菌扩增子序列变体（ASV）的发生率更高。我们的研究结果明确指出 F. oxysporum 或 F. solani 是导致生姜枯萎病的病原菌，并证明镰刀菌是与该病相关的主要真菌病原体。这些发现为生姜行业有效的病害管理方法提供了重要的启示。
{"title":"Fusarium as potential pathogenic fungus of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) wilt disease","authors":"Ke Huang, Xiangcheng Sun, Yujing Li, Panpan Xu, Na Li, Xuehong Wu, Ming Pang, Yuan Sui","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00312-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00312-8","url":null,"abstract":"The wilt disease of ginger, caused by various Fusarium species, imperils the cultivation of this valuable crop. However, the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology of ginger wilt remain elusive. Here, we investigate the association between ginger rhizome health and the prevalence of Fusarium conidia, as well as examine fungal community composition in symptomatic and asymptomatic ginger tissues. Our findings show that diseased rhizomes have reduced tissue firmness, correlating negatively with Fusarium conidia counts. Pathogenicity assays confirmed that both Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are capable of inducing wilt symptoms in rhizomes and sterile seedlings. Furthermore, Fungal community profiling revealed Fusarium to be the dominant taxon across all samples, yet its relative abundance was significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues. Specifically, there is a higher incidence of Fusarium amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in symptomatic above-ground parts. Our results unequivocally implicate F. oxysporum or F. solani as the etiological agents responsible for ginger wilt and demonstrate that Fusarium is the principal fungal pathogen associated with this disease. These findings provide critical insights for efficacious disease management practices within the ginger industry.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00313-7
Emma Heyman, Bert Devriendt, Elly De Vlieghere, Klara Goethals, Mario Van Poucke, Luc Peelman, Catharina De Schauwer
Sustainable food provision for a continuously growing human population is one of the major challenges for the next decades. Cultured meat represents one of the alternatives which is currently extensively explored. Yet, the most appropriate cell type, capable of long-term proliferation and myogenic differentiation, remains to be identified. Bovine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered as a promising cell source. Within the context of cultured meat production, it is mandatory to maximize cell yield per tissue source. Although many enzymatic methods to isolate MSCs from adipose tissue (AT) have been described, cell yield has never been compared. In this study, we evaluate 32 isolation conditions including four enzyme mixtures (Collagenase type I, Collagenase type I + Trypsin, LiberaseTM and Collagenase type IV) at varying concentrations and incubation times, regarding their efficiency to isolate MSCs from bovine subcutaneous AT. The highest cell yield in combination with a low population doubling time was obtained using LiberaseTM at a concentration of 0.1% for 3 h. MSC identity of the cells was confirmed by tri-lineage differentiation potential and cell surface marker expression. Subsequently, isolated cells were myogenically differentiated using 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine and galectin-1. mRNA levels of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), MYF6, and myogenin (MYOG) were increased, while less paired box 3 (PAX3) mRNA expression was observed when compared to undifferentiated MSCs. The presence of desmin (DES), tropomyosin (TM), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in myogenically differentiated bovine AT-MSCs was confirmed using immunofluorescence stainings. When considering MSCs from bovine AT as potential cell source to produce cultured meat, it is recommended to use 0.1% LiberaseTM for 3 h to ensure a high cell yield.
{"title":"Evaluation of enzymatic protocols to optimize efficiency of bovine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cell isolation","authors":"Emma Heyman, Bert Devriendt, Elly De Vlieghere, Klara Goethals, Mario Van Poucke, Luc Peelman, Catharina De Schauwer","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00313-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00313-7","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable food provision for a continuously growing human population is one of the major challenges for the next decades. Cultured meat represents one of the alternatives which is currently extensively explored. Yet, the most appropriate cell type, capable of long-term proliferation and myogenic differentiation, remains to be identified. Bovine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered as a promising cell source. Within the context of cultured meat production, it is mandatory to maximize cell yield per tissue source. Although many enzymatic methods to isolate MSCs from adipose tissue (AT) have been described, cell yield has never been compared. In this study, we evaluate 32 isolation conditions including four enzyme mixtures (Collagenase type I, Collagenase type I + Trypsin, LiberaseTM and Collagenase type IV) at varying concentrations and incubation times, regarding their efficiency to isolate MSCs from bovine subcutaneous AT. The highest cell yield in combination with a low population doubling time was obtained using LiberaseTM at a concentration of 0.1% for 3 h. MSC identity of the cells was confirmed by tri-lineage differentiation potential and cell surface marker expression. Subsequently, isolated cells were myogenically differentiated using 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine and galectin-1. mRNA levels of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), MYF6, and myogenin (MYOG) were increased, while less paired box 3 (PAX3) mRNA expression was observed when compared to undifferentiated MSCs. The presence of desmin (DES), tropomyosin (TM), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in myogenically differentiated bovine AT-MSCs was confirmed using immunofluorescence stainings. When considering MSCs from bovine AT as potential cell source to produce cultured meat, it is recommended to use 0.1% LiberaseTM for 3 h to ensure a high cell yield.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00313-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00318-2
Xiang-Han Huang, Ching-Ying Huang
Recent studies have shown that high dietary fructose intake enhances intestinal tumor growth in mice. Our previous work indicated that glucose enables hypoxic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to resist receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-dependent necroptosis. Despite having the same chemical formula, glucose and fructose are absorbed through different transporters yet both can enter the glycolytic metabolic pathway. The excessive intake of dietary fructose, leading to its overflow into the colon, allows colonic cells to absorb fructose apically. This study explores the mechanisms behind apical fructose-mediated death resistance in CRC cells under hypoxic stress. Utilizing three CRC cell lines (Caco-2, HT29, and T84) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions with varying fructose concentrations, we assessed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, RIP1/3 complex formation (a necroptosis marker), and cell integrity. We investigated the role of fructose in glycolytic-mediated death resistance using glycolytic inhibitors iodoacetate (IA, a glycolytic inhibitor to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and UK5099 (UK, an inhibitor to mitochondrial pyruvate carrier). Our findings reveal that apical fructose prevents the hypoxia-induced RIP-dependent necroptosis in Caco-2 and HT29 cells. Fructose exposure under hypoxia also preserved epithelial integrity. IA, but not UK, blocked fructose-mediated glycolytic metabolite production and necrosis, indicating that anaerobic glycolytic metabolites facilitate death resistance. Notably, fructose treatment upregulated pyruvate kinase (PK)-M1 mRNA in hypoxic Caco-2 and HT29 cells, while PKM2 upregulation was exclusive to HT29 cells. In conclusion, apical fructose utilization through glycolysis effectively inhibits hypoxia-induced RIP-dependent necroptosis in CRC cells, shedding light on potential metabolic adaptation mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and suggesting novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
{"title":"Fructose shields human colorectal cancer cells from hypoxia-induced necroptosis","authors":"Xiang-Han Huang, Ching-Ying Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41538-024-00318-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41538-024-00318-2","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that high dietary fructose intake enhances intestinal tumor growth in mice. Our previous work indicated that glucose enables hypoxic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to resist receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-dependent necroptosis. Despite having the same chemical formula, glucose and fructose are absorbed through different transporters yet both can enter the glycolytic metabolic pathway. The excessive intake of dietary fructose, leading to its overflow into the colon, allows colonic cells to absorb fructose apically. This study explores the mechanisms behind apical fructose-mediated death resistance in CRC cells under hypoxic stress. Utilizing three CRC cell lines (Caco-2, HT29, and T84) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions with varying fructose concentrations, we assessed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, RIP1/3 complex formation (a necroptosis marker), and cell integrity. We investigated the role of fructose in glycolytic-mediated death resistance using glycolytic inhibitors iodoacetate (IA, a glycolytic inhibitor to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and UK5099 (UK, an inhibitor to mitochondrial pyruvate carrier). Our findings reveal that apical fructose prevents the hypoxia-induced RIP-dependent necroptosis in Caco-2 and HT29 cells. Fructose exposure under hypoxia also preserved epithelial integrity. IA, but not UK, blocked fructose-mediated glycolytic metabolite production and necrosis, indicating that anaerobic glycolytic metabolites facilitate death resistance. Notably, fructose treatment upregulated pyruvate kinase (PK)-M1 mRNA in hypoxic Caco-2 and HT29 cells, while PKM2 upregulation was exclusive to HT29 cells. In conclusion, apical fructose utilization through glycolysis effectively inhibits hypoxia-induced RIP-dependent necroptosis in CRC cells, shedding light on potential metabolic adaptation mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and suggesting novel targets for therapeutic intervention.","PeriodicalId":19367,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Science of Food","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00318-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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