Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00334-5
Durga Sankar Vavilapalli, Leiqiang Qin, Justinas Palisaitis, Johanna Rosen
In this study, a simple thermal reduction process is used to synthesize a rGO-Ca2Fe2O5 (rGO-CFO) nanocomposite, with the morphological and optical characteristics of the CFO nanomaterial being modified by the rGO incorporation. The interface between rGO nanosheets and CFO nanoparticles facilitates efficient charge separation and resulting transfer of photogenerated charge carriers across the rGO nanosheets, demonstrated from photoluminescence and Mott-Schottky tests. Compared to CFO (2.1 eV), rGO-CFO has a reduced band gap energy of 1.9 eV. As synthesized nanocomposites were initially optimized and utilized for photodegradation of organic effluent Methylene blue (MB). An addition of 5 wt% rGO to the CFO demonstrated an improved photodegradation efficiency (97%) compared to bare CFO (72%). An active species trapping experiment was used to assess the MB photodegradation mechanism. The results demonstrate that hydroxyl radicals and holes are the major active species involved in photodegradation. The optimized composition (5rGO-CFO) was further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A and Tetracycline (antibiotic). Altogether, these investigations show that the rGO-CFO is a highly efficient photocatalyst that can be used to remediate emerging contaminants in sunlight.
{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic performance of a rGO-Ca2Fe2O5 nanocomposite for photodegradation of emergent pollutants","authors":"Durga Sankar Vavilapalli, Leiqiang Qin, Justinas Palisaitis, Johanna Rosen","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00334-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00334-5","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a simple thermal reduction process is used to synthesize a rGO-Ca2Fe2O5 (rGO-CFO) nanocomposite, with the morphological and optical characteristics of the CFO nanomaterial being modified by the rGO incorporation. The interface between rGO nanosheets and CFO nanoparticles facilitates efficient charge separation and resulting transfer of photogenerated charge carriers across the rGO nanosheets, demonstrated from photoluminescence and Mott-Schottky tests. Compared to CFO (2.1 eV), rGO-CFO has a reduced band gap energy of 1.9 eV. As synthesized nanocomposites were initially optimized and utilized for photodegradation of organic effluent Methylene blue (MB). An addition of 5 wt% rGO to the CFO demonstrated an improved photodegradation efficiency (97%) compared to bare CFO (72%). An active species trapping experiment was used to assess the MB photodegradation mechanism. The results demonstrate that hydroxyl radicals and holes are the major active species involved in photodegradation. The optimized composition (5rGO-CFO) was further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A and Tetracycline (antibiotic). Altogether, these investigations show that the rGO-CFO is a highly efficient photocatalyst that can be used to remediate emerging contaminants in sunlight.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00334-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00331-8
Hanna Rosentreter, Marc Walther, André Lerch
Seawater intrusion is a worldwide increasing challenge, which lowers the freshwater availability by salination of fresh groundwater resources in coastal areas. The abstraction-desalination-recharge (ADR) methodology can combat seawater intrusion, whereby desalination is hereby the key factor for the overall efficiency of aquifer remediation. Which desalination technique is suitable within ADR depends on several factors and was not discussed before. We use a multi-criteria decision analysis and cost analysis to compare nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and (membrane) capacitive deionization and show for three case scenarios which desalination technique is most suitable within ADR. Overall, electrodialysis, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis have shown the best utility value for saline groundwater salinity of 1–10 g L−1, whereby electrodialysis is more suitable for lower salinities. The lowest desalination costs are calculated for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis with 0.3–0.6 € m−3 depending on specific energy costs. Even capacitive deionisation can be a suitable alternative for low, slightly saline groundwater (1 g L−1) if the technology readiness level and a lifetime of electrodes increase and material costs decrease. These new insights provide a data analysis, costs, and decision support for desalination which are needed for the holistic approach to counteract seawater intrusion.
海水入侵是世界范围内日益严峻的挑战，它使沿海地区的淡水地下水资源盐碱化，从而降低了淡水供应量。取水-海水淡化-回灌（ADR）方法可以解决海水入侵问题，海水淡化是含水层修复总体效率的关键因素。在 ADR 中，哪种海水淡化技术合适取决于多个因素，以前从未讨论过。我们采用多标准决策分析和成本分析法对纳滤、反渗透、电渗析和（膜）电容去离子进行比较，并针对三种情况说明哪种海水淡化技术最适合 ADR。总体而言，电渗析、纳滤和反渗透在盐度为 1-10 g L-1 的含盐地下水中显示出最佳实用价值，而电渗析则更适用于较低的盐度。根据具体的能源成本计算，纳滤和反渗透的脱盐成本最低，为 0.3-0.6 欧元 m-3。如果技术准备水平和电极寿命提高，材料成本降低，那么电容去离子法也可作为低微盐度地下水（1 g L-1）的合适替代方案。这些新见解为海水淡化提供了数据分析、成本和决策支持，是应对海水入侵的整体方法所必需的。
{"title":"Assessing the suitability of desalination techniques for hydraulic barriers","authors":"Hanna Rosentreter, Marc Walther, André Lerch","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00331-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00331-8","url":null,"abstract":"Seawater intrusion is a worldwide increasing challenge, which lowers the freshwater availability by salination of fresh groundwater resources in coastal areas. The abstraction-desalination-recharge (ADR) methodology can combat seawater intrusion, whereby desalination is hereby the key factor for the overall efficiency of aquifer remediation. Which desalination technique is suitable within ADR depends on several factors and was not discussed before. We use a multi-criteria decision analysis and cost analysis to compare nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and (membrane) capacitive deionization and show for three case scenarios which desalination technique is most suitable within ADR. Overall, electrodialysis, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis have shown the best utility value for saline groundwater salinity of 1–10 g L−1, whereby electrodialysis is more suitable for lower salinities. The lowest desalination costs are calculated for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis with 0.3–0.6 € m−3 depending on specific energy costs. Even capacitive deionisation can be a suitable alternative for low, slightly saline groundwater (1 g L−1) if the technology readiness level and a lifetime of electrodes increase and material costs decrease. These new insights provide a data analysis, costs, and decision support for desalination which are needed for the holistic approach to counteract seawater intrusion.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00331-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00328-3
Gianluca Utzeri, José Carlos Guirado-Moreno, Tânia F. G. G. Cova, Alberto A. A. C. Pais, Luis A. E. Batista De Carvalho, Saturnino Ibeas, José M. García, Artur J. M. Valente, Saúl Vallejos
This study introduces reusable polyacrylic membranes, fabricated from commercially available monomers (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and methylmethacrylate), as a promising approach for pesticide extraction. These membranes effectively remove the commonly used herbicides mecoprop (RE ≈ 99%) and bentazon (RE ≈ 95%) at low concentrations, which pose water contamination risks due to their water-soluble properties and leaf-level sorption. The membranes exhibit excellent manageability and resistance, allowing for safe handling without personal protective equipment. Additionally, the material is environmentally friendly and can be washed and reused for at least 4 cycles without a significant decrease in performance. Characterization techniques, including NMR, TGA, DSC, mechanical testing, N2 adsorption, and FTIR analysis, were used to investigate properties and assess the influence of the polymeric composition. The study focused on examining the lateral charged aminoethyl groups, which play a crucial role in sorbent-sorbate interactions. Sorption kinetics, isotherms, and permeation studies provided insights into the removal mechanism, efficiency, and permeability coefficients, revealing hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between the pesticides and the polymer. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a scorpion-like conformation of the macromolecular chains surrounding the pesticides. These findings support the hydrophobic nature of the extraction mechanism and highlight the significant role of charged aminoethyl groups in facilitating this process.
{"title":"Reusable and effective polyacrylic membranes for mecoprop and bentazon extractions","authors":"Gianluca Utzeri, José Carlos Guirado-Moreno, Tânia F. G. G. Cova, Alberto A. A. C. Pais, Luis A. E. Batista De Carvalho, Saturnino Ibeas, José M. García, Artur J. M. Valente, Saúl Vallejos","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00328-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00328-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces reusable polyacrylic membranes, fabricated from commercially available monomers (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and methylmethacrylate), as a promising approach for pesticide extraction. These membranes effectively remove the commonly used herbicides mecoprop (RE ≈ 99%) and bentazon (RE ≈ 95%) at low concentrations, which pose water contamination risks due to their water-soluble properties and leaf-level sorption. The membranes exhibit excellent manageability and resistance, allowing for safe handling without personal protective equipment. Additionally, the material is environmentally friendly and can be washed and reused for at least 4 cycles without a significant decrease in performance. Characterization techniques, including NMR, TGA, DSC, mechanical testing, N2 adsorption, and FTIR analysis, were used to investigate properties and assess the influence of the polymeric composition. The study focused on examining the lateral charged aminoethyl groups, which play a crucial role in sorbent-sorbate interactions. Sorption kinetics, isotherms, and permeation studies provided insights into the removal mechanism, efficiency, and permeability coefficients, revealing hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between the pesticides and the polymer. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a scorpion-like conformation of the macromolecular chains surrounding the pesticides. These findings support the hydrophobic nature of the extraction mechanism and highlight the significant role of charged aminoethyl groups in facilitating this process.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00328-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00333-6
Yi Yang, Haowen Lin, Yuxi Long, Ying Mei, J. Paul Chen
Catalytic films work well in degradation of organic matters. However, catalytic activity and stability of films are challenging factors. A nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) incorporated porous PAN fiber (Fe-PAN) film was thus developed through a one-step cryogenic auxiliary electrospinning method. The Fe-PAN film overcame the problem in the traditional multistep preparation process. The excellent intrinsic properties of the polymer in the film were maintained. It exhibited high catalytic activity (> 95% conversion in just 4 min) and excellent stability and reusability, due to the synergistic interaction between PAN and NZVI. The degradation process was optimized by the Box-Behnken design, leading to the optimal condition: pH = 2.8, temperature = 56 °C, and oxidant concentration = 4.2 mmol/L. The degradation followed the 2nd order kinetic equation and was due to the reactions by ·OH and O2-· radicals. This study demonstrates the great potentials of the Fe-PAN film for industrial applications.
{"title":"Development of catalytic zero-valent iron incorporated PAN catalytic film for efficient degradation of organic matters","authors":"Yi Yang, Haowen Lin, Yuxi Long, Ying Mei, J. Paul Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00333-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00333-6","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic films work well in degradation of organic matters. However, catalytic activity and stability of films are challenging factors. A nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) incorporated porous PAN fiber (Fe-PAN) film was thus developed through a one-step cryogenic auxiliary electrospinning method. The Fe-PAN film overcame the problem in the traditional multistep preparation process. The excellent intrinsic properties of the polymer in the film were maintained. It exhibited high catalytic activity (> 95% conversion in just 4 min) and excellent stability and reusability, due to the synergistic interaction between PAN and NZVI. The degradation process was optimized by the Box-Behnken design, leading to the optimal condition: pH = 2.8, temperature = 56 °C, and oxidant concentration = 4.2 mmol/L. The degradation followed the 2nd order kinetic equation and was due to the reactions by ·OH and O2-· radicals. This study demonstrates the great potentials of the Fe-PAN film for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00333-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00329-2
Jinqiong Niu, Dongyu Xu, Wenqiang Wu, Bo Gao
Tracing the sources of microplastics (MPs) across various environmental media is currently facing significant challenges due to their complex transportable features. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive identification of MP sources in Beijing water bodies by combining MP diversity and the conditional fragmentation model, thoroughly considering local multiple sources. The resemblance in MP community compositions implied shared or similar sources in rivers and lakes, and the sources were assorted and equivalent based on the high diversity of MPs. The conditional fragmentation model can act as a proxy of fragmentation characteristics of MPs. According to the model, suburban sewage, soils, and dry and wet deposition constituted significant sources of MPs in the rivers and lakes of Beijing. The extremely high abundance of MPs (520,000 items·m−3) in suburban sewage also confirmed it as a potential source. For MPs with different polymer types and morphologies, non-fibrous polypropylene (PP) was primarily controlled by soils, whereas the contribution of sewage sludge to fibrous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was notable. Our study provides insights for more accurate source apportionment and contributes to a better understanding of MP fate in urban environment.
{"title":"Tracing microplastic sources in urban water bodies combining their diversity, fragmentation and stability","authors":"Jinqiong Niu, Dongyu Xu, Wenqiang Wu, Bo Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00329-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00329-2","url":null,"abstract":"Tracing the sources of microplastics (MPs) across various environmental media is currently facing significant challenges due to their complex transportable features. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive identification of MP sources in Beijing water bodies by combining MP diversity and the conditional fragmentation model, thoroughly considering local multiple sources. The resemblance in MP community compositions implied shared or similar sources in rivers and lakes, and the sources were assorted and equivalent based on the high diversity of MPs. The conditional fragmentation model can act as a proxy of fragmentation characteristics of MPs. According to the model, suburban sewage, soils, and dry and wet deposition constituted significant sources of MPs in the rivers and lakes of Beijing. The extremely high abundance of MPs (520,000 items·m−3) in suburban sewage also confirmed it as a potential source. For MPs with different polymer types and morphologies, non-fibrous polypropylene (PP) was primarily controlled by soils, whereas the contribution of sewage sludge to fibrous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was notable. Our study provides insights for more accurate source apportionment and contributes to a better understanding of MP fate in urban environment.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00329-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00332-7
S. A. Kaushik, D. Armbruster, J. Dittmer, D. Bruniecka-Sulewski, B. Wendler, M. Ernst
This study investigates the scale inhibition performance of a commercial polyacrylic acid-based (PAA) antiscalant used for drinking water production and its molecular weight fractions (≤ 500 Da, ≥ 500 Da). The investigated antiscalant is used to prevent sulfate and carbonate scaling in treatment of drinking water sources by reverse osmosis or nanofiltration (RO/NF). Based on two complementary tests involving determination of induction time in a batch test and rate of flux decline in a lab-scale RO/NF plant, concordant results were obtained, proving that the overall performance of commercial PAA was controlled almost entirely by the higher molecular weight fraction. The low molecular weight fraction, which is potentially more permeable through the NF/RO membrane, showed poor inhibition against both sulfate and carbonate scalants. Furthermore, measurements on the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) by flow cytometry reveals that the low molecular weight PAA fraction has low biological stability, as its potential transport into the permeate of a NF270 nanofiltration membrane was inferred by elevated AOC values in the NF-permeate. These results are crucial information for water utilities, plant engineering, regulatory bodies and public authorities with respect to the possible operation of RO/NF especially in drinking water production.
{"title":"Investigation of scaling inhibition and biofouling potential of different molecular weight fractions of a PAA antiscalant","authors":"S. A. Kaushik, D. Armbruster, J. Dittmer, D. Bruniecka-Sulewski, B. Wendler, M. Ernst","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00332-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00332-7","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the scale inhibition performance of a commercial polyacrylic acid-based (PAA) antiscalant used for drinking water production and its molecular weight fractions (≤ 500 Da, ≥ 500 Da). The investigated antiscalant is used to prevent sulfate and carbonate scaling in treatment of drinking water sources by reverse osmosis or nanofiltration (RO/NF). Based on two complementary tests involving determination of induction time in a batch test and rate of flux decline in a lab-scale RO/NF plant, concordant results were obtained, proving that the overall performance of commercial PAA was controlled almost entirely by the higher molecular weight fraction. The low molecular weight fraction, which is potentially more permeable through the NF/RO membrane, showed poor inhibition against both sulfate and carbonate scalants. Furthermore, measurements on the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) by flow cytometry reveals that the low molecular weight PAA fraction has low biological stability, as its potential transport into the permeate of a NF270 nanofiltration membrane was inferred by elevated AOC values in the NF-permeate. These results are crucial information for water utilities, plant engineering, regulatory bodies and public authorities with respect to the possible operation of RO/NF especially in drinking water production.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00332-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00323-8
Ani Horikian, Audrey Jeanvoine, Abdallah Amarache, Morgane Tourtet, Jérôme Ory, Hélène Boulestreau, Nathalie Van der Mee Marquet, Nadine Lemaitre, Matthieu Eveillard, Didier Lepelletier, Xavier Bertrand, Benoît Valot, Didier Hocquet
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The contamination of drinking water networks (DWNs) with this pathogen is underestimated, as it is mostly in the state of persister cells undetected by the recommended monitoring technique. We collected water samples from eight cities distant from each other and searched for P. aeruginosa using a culture-based method that resuscitates persister cells. The genomes of isolates were sequenced. Five DWNs of the eight tested (62.5%) were contaminated with P. aeruginosa, of which four were contaminated with high-risk clones (ST308, ST395). Surprisingly, the ST308 isolates retrieved from the four independent and distant DWNs were clonal. Most P. aeruginosa isolates shared a genomic island conferring tolerance to copper-ions. The population structure of the collection may result from both a common source of contamination by plumbing supplies and the selection of clones sharing genetic elements that presumably aided their propagation in DWNs.
{"title":"High-risk clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contaminate the drinking water networks of French cities","authors":"Ani Horikian, Audrey Jeanvoine, Abdallah Amarache, Morgane Tourtet, Jérôme Ory, Hélène Boulestreau, Nathalie Van der Mee Marquet, Nadine Lemaitre, Matthieu Eveillard, Didier Lepelletier, Xavier Bertrand, Benoît Valot, Didier Hocquet","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00323-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00323-8","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The contamination of drinking water networks (DWNs) with this pathogen is underestimated, as it is mostly in the state of persister cells undetected by the recommended monitoring technique. We collected water samples from eight cities distant from each other and searched for P. aeruginosa using a culture-based method that resuscitates persister cells. The genomes of isolates were sequenced. Five DWNs of the eight tested (62.5%) were contaminated with P. aeruginosa, of which four were contaminated with high-risk clones (ST308, ST395). Surprisingly, the ST308 isolates retrieved from the four independent and distant DWNs were clonal. Most P. aeruginosa isolates shared a genomic island conferring tolerance to copper-ions. The population structure of the collection may result from both a common source of contamination by plumbing supplies and the selection of clones sharing genetic elements that presumably aided their propagation in DWNs.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00323-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00330-9
Wanxin Li, Dawu Shu, Fangfang An, Ruigang Liu, Juchuan Shan, Bo Han, Shaolei Cao
Rapid activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) for the degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 218 (RR218) was achieved using Ti3C2 MXene reduction of trace Fe3+. The degradation rate of RR218 reached 97.7% using a mixture containing 3 g L−1 of SPS, 3.35 mg L−1 of Fe3+ and 60 mg L−1 of MXene stirred at 25 °C for 30 min. The intense reduction of Ti3C2 MXene triggers the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle thereby accelerating the activation of SPS. When reactive dyes were degraded by Fe3+/SPS/MXene process, ·OH played a major role. The dye degradation capacity of the Fe3+/SPS/MXene process decreased after 5 cycles of recycling. In addition, the wastewater treated under these conditions resulted in high dyeing efficiencies in reuse experiments. This study not only improves the understanding of the catalytic reaction of MXene but also provides a wastewater treatment and reuse process with low metal consumption and high efficiency.
{"title":"Synchronization of Ti3C2 MXene/Fe3+ with sodium persulfate for the degradation of reactive dyes","authors":"Wanxin Li, Dawu Shu, Fangfang An, Ruigang Liu, Juchuan Shan, Bo Han, Shaolei Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00330-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00330-9","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) for the degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 218 (RR218) was achieved using Ti3C2 MXene reduction of trace Fe3+. The degradation rate of RR218 reached 97.7% using a mixture containing 3 g L−1 of SPS, 3.35 mg L−1 of Fe3+ and 60 mg L−1 of MXene stirred at 25 °C for 30 min. The intense reduction of Ti3C2 MXene triggers the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle thereby accelerating the activation of SPS. When reactive dyes were degraded by Fe3+/SPS/MXene process, ·OH played a major role. The dye degradation capacity of the Fe3+/SPS/MXene process decreased after 5 cycles of recycling. In addition, the wastewater treated under these conditions resulted in high dyeing efficiencies in reuse experiments. This study not only improves the understanding of the catalytic reaction of MXene but also provides a wastewater treatment and reuse process with low metal consumption and high efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00330-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00326-5
Jun Xiao, Shuang Hao, Yiwen Qin, Pengfei Qi, Zhaoqian Zhang, Yunxia Hu
Many fouling-resistant materials have been grafted or coated on the RO membrane surface for fouling-resistance. However, these modified RO membranes still exhibit a fast flux drop towards small charged organic foulants. Herein, we creatively use the quantum chemistry method to screen the thiol group having a close to zero interaction energy with small charged organic foulants. Thus, we selected a small molecule of 2-aminoethanethiol (AET) having a fouling-resistant thiol group and a reactive amine group for RO membrane surface modification. The water permeance of the AET-grafted RO membrane increases from 2.6 ± 0.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 to 3.2 ± 0.05 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 23% higher than that of the pristine membrane. Moreover, the AET-grafted RO membrane exhibits excellent fouling resistance against charged surfactants. Our study offers insights on the design of fouling-resistant molecules for antifouling surface modification of RO membranes towards small charged organic foulants.
许多抗污垢材料被接枝或涂覆在反渗透膜表面，以达到抗污垢的目的。然而，这些改性反渗透膜对小电荷有机污物仍会表现出快速的通量下降。在此，我们创造性地利用量子化学方法筛选出与带小电荷的有机污物相互作用能接近于零的硫醇基团。因此，我们选择了一种具有抗污垢硫醇基团和活性胺基团的小分子 2-氨基乙硫醇（AET）用于反渗透膜表面改性。AET 接枝反渗透膜的透水率从 2.6 ± 0.1 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 提高到 3.2 ± 0.05 L m-2 h-1 bar-1，比原始膜高出 23%。此外，AET 接枝的反渗透膜对带电表面活性剂具有极佳的防污性能。我们的研究为设计反渗透膜表面防污改性的抗污分子提供了启示，使反渗透膜能够抵御小的带电有机污物。
{"title":"Fouling-resistant reverse osmosis membranes grafted with 2-aminoethanethiol having a low interaction energy with charged foulants","authors":"Jun Xiao, Shuang Hao, Yiwen Qin, Pengfei Qi, Zhaoqian Zhang, Yunxia Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00326-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00326-5","url":null,"abstract":"Many fouling-resistant materials have been grafted or coated on the RO membrane surface for fouling-resistance. However, these modified RO membranes still exhibit a fast flux drop towards small charged organic foulants. Herein, we creatively use the quantum chemistry method to screen the thiol group having a close to zero interaction energy with small charged organic foulants. Thus, we selected a small molecule of 2-aminoethanethiol (AET) having a fouling-resistant thiol group and a reactive amine group for RO membrane surface modification. The water permeance of the AET-grafted RO membrane increases from 2.6 ± 0.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 to 3.2 ± 0.05 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 23% higher than that of the pristine membrane. Moreover, the AET-grafted RO membrane exhibits excellent fouling resistance against charged surfactants. Our study offers insights on the design of fouling-resistant molecules for antifouling surface modification of RO membranes towards small charged organic foulants.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00326-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00327-4
Ali Marefat, Soheil Asgari, Reza Badpa, Mina Jahanirad, Masoud Sagheb Molaei, Abdolreza Karbassi
In today’s context, the adoption of sustainable wastewater treatment methods is crucial. River estuaries have the potential to offer an economically viable and environmentally friendly solution for wastewater treatment through the flocculation of pollutants. This study investigates the role of river estuaries flowing into the southern part of the Caspian Sea in the treatment of heavy metals. Two sets of experiments were designed for this purpose. The first set involved adjusting a series of discrete aquaria in various salinity regimes, while the second set utilized only one aquarium. The results from the first set indicate the capacity of the studied estuaries to remove heavy metals through the flocculation process in the following order: Zn (70%) > Mn (60%) > Cu (49%) > Pb (24%) > Ni (19%). However, the removal rates in the second set were reduced as follows: Zn (57%) > Mn (56%) > Cu (40%) > Pb (20%) > Ni (17%). It was observed that the flocculation process exhibits an unstable nature. Furthermore, the findings reveal that heavy metals flocculation primarily occurs upstream of the estuary. However, instability in the flocculation process occurs downstream, where water parameters undergo drastic changes. Statistical analyses indicate that an increase in pH plays a significant role in the destabilization of flocs. Conversely, the initial concentration of heavy metals, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential have a positive impact on the flocculation process.
{"title":"Geospatial investigation on self-purification capacity of river Estuaries in the Caspian region: reducing heavy metals pollution","authors":"Ali Marefat, Soheil Asgari, Reza Badpa, Mina Jahanirad, Masoud Sagheb Molaei, Abdolreza Karbassi","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00327-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00327-4","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s context, the adoption of sustainable wastewater treatment methods is crucial. River estuaries have the potential to offer an economically viable and environmentally friendly solution for wastewater treatment through the flocculation of pollutants. This study investigates the role of river estuaries flowing into the southern part of the Caspian Sea in the treatment of heavy metals. Two sets of experiments were designed for this purpose. The first set involved adjusting a series of discrete aquaria in various salinity regimes, while the second set utilized only one aquarium. The results from the first set indicate the capacity of the studied estuaries to remove heavy metals through the flocculation process in the following order: Zn (70%) > Mn (60%) > Cu (49%) > Pb (24%) > Ni (19%). However, the removal rates in the second set were reduced as follows: Zn (57%) > Mn (56%) > Cu (40%) > Pb (20%) > Ni (17%). It was observed that the flocculation process exhibits an unstable nature. Furthermore, the findings reveal that heavy metals flocculation primarily occurs upstream of the estuary. However, instability in the flocculation process occurs downstream, where water parameters undergo drastic changes. Statistical analyses indicate that an increase in pH plays a significant role in the destabilization of flocs. Conversely, the initial concentration of heavy metals, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential have a positive impact on the flocculation process.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00327-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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