Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01584-6
Viktoriia M. Egorova, Mikhail A. Sokolovskiy, George Zodiatis
A three-layer quasi-geostrophic model was developed to examine the topographic eddies generated around the Eratosthenes Seamount in the southeastern Levantine basin, particularly the dipolar vortex structure, consisting of the anticyclonic Cyprus Eddy and a smaller-scale cyclone. The numerical experiments were carried out using the Contour Dynamics Method, imposing an eastward flow with different inclinations and intensities along the western boundary of the model domain to imitate the Mid-Mediterranean Jet. The dual nature of topographic eddies was previously reported to be generated frequently in a homogeneous ocean approximation, but in the current study, the consideration of baroclinicity primarily simulated a single vortex attributed to the Cyprus Eddy with the small-scale cyclone to be generated occasionally. Also, it was demonstrated that the direction and intensity of the imposed eastward flow along the western boundary of the model domain are the main factors in the formation of the cyclonic vortex. The modeling results showed a qualitative agreement with the geostrophic patterns derived from in-situ observations in the wider sea area of the Eratosthenes Seamount.
{"title":"A three-layer model of hydrodynamic processes in the Cyprus Eddy system","authors":"Viktoriia M. Egorova, Mikhail A. Sokolovskiy, George Zodiatis","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01584-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01584-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A three-layer quasi-geostrophic model was developed to examine the topographic eddies generated around the Eratosthenes Seamount in the southeastern Levantine basin, particularly the dipolar vortex structure, consisting of the anticyclonic Cyprus Eddy and a smaller-scale cyclone. The numerical experiments were carried out using the Contour Dynamics Method, imposing an eastward flow with different inclinations and intensities along the western boundary of the model domain to imitate the Mid-Mediterranean Jet. The dual nature of topographic eddies was previously reported to be generated frequently in a homogeneous ocean approximation, but in the current study, the consideration of baroclinicity primarily simulated a single vortex attributed to the Cyprus Eddy with the small-scale cyclone to be generated occasionally. Also, it was demonstrated that the direction and intensity of the imposed eastward flow along the western boundary of the model domain are the main factors in the formation of the cyclonic vortex. The modeling results showed a qualitative agreement with the geostrophic patterns derived from in-situ observations in the wider sea area of the Eratosthenes Seamount.</p>","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01583-7
Lin Lin, Hans von Storch, Xueen Chen, Wensheng Jiang, Shengquan Tang
Abstract A regional ocean ensemble simulation with slightly different initial conditions demonstrates that internal variability is formed (not only) in the Bohai and Yellow Sea. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the internal variability and the baroclinic instability, (represented by the Eady predicted theoretical diffusivity $${K}_{t}$$ Kt ; the larger the $${K}_{t}$$ Kt , the stronger the baroclinic instability level). In the ensemble, with tidal forcing, the spatial correlation between the Eady predicted theoretical diffusivity $${K}_{t}$$ Kt and the internal variability amounts to 0.80. Also, the time evolution trends of baroclinic instability and internal variability are similar. Based on this evidence, baroclinic instability may be a significant driver for internal variability. This hypothesis is validated using an additional ensemble of simulations, which is identical to the first ensemble, but this time, the tides are inactivated. This modification leads to an increase in internal variability, combined with the strengthening of baroclinic instability. In addition, the baroclinic instability level and internal variability variation co-vary consistently when comparing summer and winter seasons, both with and without tides. Our interpretation is that a stronger baroclinic instability causes more potential energy to be transformed into kinetic energy, allowing the unforced disturbances to grow.
初始条件略有不同的区域海洋综合模拟结果表明，渤海和黄海不仅形成了内部变率。本文分析了内部变率与斜压不稳定性之间的关系，(用Eady预测的理论扩散系数$${K}_{t}$$ K t表示;$${K}_{t}$$ K t越大，斜压不稳定程度越强)。在潮汐强迫作用下，Eady预测的理论扩散系数$${K}_{t}$$ K t与内部变率的空间相关系数为0.80。斜压不稳定和内部变率的时间演化趋势相似。基于这一证据，斜压不稳定性可能是内部变率的重要驱动因素。这个假设是通过另一个模拟集合来验证的，这个模拟集合与第一个集合相同，但这一次，潮汐是不活跃的。这种改变导致内部变率的增加，并与斜压不稳定性的加强相结合。此外，无论有无潮汐，夏季和冬季的斜压不稳定水平和内部变率变化都是一致的。我们的解释是，更强的斜压不稳定性导致更多的势能转化为动能，从而使非受迫性扰动增大。
{"title":"Link between the internal variability and the baroclinic instability in the Bohai and Yellow Sea","authors":"Lin Lin, Hans von Storch, Xueen Chen, Wensheng Jiang, Shengquan Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01583-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01583-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A regional ocean ensemble simulation with slightly different initial conditions demonstrates that internal variability is formed (not only) in the Bohai and Yellow Sea. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the internal variability and the baroclinic instability, (represented by the Eady predicted theoretical diffusivity $${K}_{t}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ; the larger the $${K}_{t}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , the stronger the baroclinic instability level). In the ensemble, with tidal forcing, the spatial correlation between the Eady predicted theoretical diffusivity $${K}_{t}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and the internal variability amounts to 0.80. Also, the time evolution trends of baroclinic instability and internal variability are similar. Based on this evidence, baroclinic instability may be a significant driver for internal variability. This hypothesis is validated using an additional ensemble of simulations, which is identical to the first ensemble, but this time, the tides are inactivated. This modification leads to an increase in internal variability, combined with the strengthening of baroclinic instability. In addition, the baroclinic instability level and internal variability variation co-vary consistently when comparing summer and winter seasons, both with and without tides. Our interpretation is that a stronger baroclinic instability causes more potential energy to be transformed into kinetic energy, allowing the unforced disturbances to grow.","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"48 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01585-5
Hans van Haren
{"title":"Direct observations of general geothermal convection in deep Mediterranean waters","authors":"Hans van Haren","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01585-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01585-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"111 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01580-w
Akira Nagano, Hitoshi Kaneko, Masahide Wakita
{"title":"Interannual sea-level variation around mainland Japan forced by subtropical North Pacific wind and its possible impact on the Tsugaru warm current","authors":"Akira Nagano, Hitoshi Kaneko, Masahide Wakita","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01580-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01580-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":" 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01581-9
S. Lekshmi, Rajib Chattopadhyay, D. S. Pai, M. Rajeevan, Vinu Valsala, K. S. Hosalikar, M. Mohapatra
{"title":"On the relative role of east and west pacific sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the prediction skill of Central Pacific NINO3.4 SST","authors":"S. Lekshmi, Rajib Chattopadhyay, D. S. Pai, M. Rajeevan, Vinu Valsala, K. S. Hosalikar, M. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01581-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01581-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"35 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01577-5
Benjamin Jacob, Tobias Dolch, Andreas Wurpts, Joanna Staneva
Abstract Global climate change increases the overall risks for coastal flooding and erosion. Meanwhile, nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly becoming a focus of coastal protection measures to improve the climate adaptability. In this study, the present and potential future role of seagrass in coastal risk reduction strategies were explored for the highly energetic Wadden Sea area of the German Bight. The methodology in this study combined seagrass coverage data ( Zostera marina and Zostera noltei ) obtained by field surveys and what-if scenario simulations using the SCHISM unstructured grid model framework, coupling hydrodynamics, waves, sediments, and a seagrass module. The results suggest that the introduction of seagrass meadows locally can reduce both current velocities and significant wave heights in the order of up to 30 $$%$$ % in the deeper areas and above 90 $$%$$ % in the shallow areas. Reduction in bottom shear stress of a similar relative magnitude significantly reduced sediment mobilisation on the order of 2 g/L in the 95th quantile of bottom layer sediment concentrations. Effectively altering hydromorphodynamic conditions favouring sediment accumulation, seagrass expansion could help tidal flats height growths to keep up with SLR, thus further maintaining the bathymetry-induced tidal dampening and lowering flooding and erosion risks as well the amount of energy at dike infrastructure. The accumulated effect of seagrass under calm weather conditions is considered more important than the increased attenuation in absolute values it provides during extreme conditions. The overall conclusion is that seagrass expansion could be a useful addition to engineered coastal protection measures.
全球气候变化增加了沿海洪水和侵蚀的总体风险。与此同时，基于自然的解决方案(NbS)日益成为提高气候适应能力的海岸保护措施的重点。在这项研究中，海草在沿海风险降低策略中的作用和潜在的未来在德国湾的高能量瓦登海地区进行了探讨。本研究的方法结合了通过实地调查获得的海草覆盖数据(Zostera marina和Zostera noltei)和使用SCHISM非结构化网格模型框架进行的情景模拟，耦合了水动力学、波浪、沉积物和海草模块。结果表明，局部引入海草草甸可以降低海流速度和显著波高，最高可达30 $$%$$ % in the deeper areas and above 90 $$%$$ % in the shallow areas. Reduction in bottom shear stress of a similar relative magnitude significantly reduced sediment mobilisation on the order of 2 g/L in the 95th quantile of bottom layer sediment concentrations. Effectively altering hydromorphodynamic conditions favouring sediment accumulation, seagrass expansion could help tidal flats height growths to keep up with SLR, thus further maintaining the bathymetry-induced tidal dampening and lowering flooding and erosion risks as well the amount of energy at dike infrastructure. The accumulated effect of seagrass under calm weather conditions is considered more important than the increased attenuation in absolute values it provides during extreme conditions. The overall conclusion is that seagrass expansion could be a useful addition to engineered coastal protection measures.
{"title":"Evaluation of seagrass as a nature-based solution for coastal protection in the German Wadden Sea","authors":"Benjamin Jacob, Tobias Dolch, Andreas Wurpts, Joanna Staneva","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01577-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01577-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global climate change increases the overall risks for coastal flooding and erosion. Meanwhile, nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly becoming a focus of coastal protection measures to improve the climate adaptability. In this study, the present and potential future role of seagrass in coastal risk reduction strategies were explored for the highly energetic Wadden Sea area of the German Bight. The methodology in this study combined seagrass coverage data ( Zostera marina and Zostera noltei ) obtained by field surveys and what-if scenario simulations using the SCHISM unstructured grid model framework, coupling hydrodynamics, waves, sediments, and a seagrass module. The results suggest that the introduction of seagrass meadows locally can reduce both current velocities and significant wave heights in the order of up to 30 $$%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:math> in the deeper areas and above 90 $$%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:math> in the shallow areas. Reduction in bottom shear stress of a similar relative magnitude significantly reduced sediment mobilisation on the order of 2 g/L in the 95th quantile of bottom layer sediment concentrations. Effectively altering hydromorphodynamic conditions favouring sediment accumulation, seagrass expansion could help tidal flats height growths to keep up with SLR, thus further maintaining the bathymetry-induced tidal dampening and lowering flooding and erosion risks as well the amount of energy at dike infrastructure. The accumulated effect of seagrass under calm weather conditions is considered more important than the increased attenuation in absolute values it provides during extreme conditions. The overall conclusion is that seagrass expansion could be a useful addition to engineered coastal protection measures.","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01575-7
Carolina B. Gramcianinov, Joanna Staneva, Ricardo de Camargo, Pedro L. da Silva Dias
Abstract The southwestern South Atlantic (SWSA) has faced several extreme events that caused coastal and ocean hazards associated with high waves. This study aimed to investigate the extreme wave climate trends in the SWSA using percentile- and storm-based approaches to determine potential coastal impacts. Changes in extreme wave event characteristics were evaluated through distribution maps and directional density distributions. Our results showed an overall increase in the 95 $$^{th}$$ th -percentile of the significant wave height (Hs), mostly in the northern and southern portions of the domain. There was a general increase in the area affected by the events and in their lifetimes in the austral summer. In contrast, winter events had higher maximum intensities, which were not homogeneous throughout the domain. Changes in the wave power direction affected most of the analysed locations, showing a clockwise shift of summer events and a large directional spread of events from the southern quadrant (SW–SE). These changes were related to the southwards shift of the subtropical branch of the storm track, reflecting increased cyclonic activity at 30 $$^circ $$ ∘ S (summer) and 45 $$^circ $$ ∘ S (winter). These storm track shifts allowed the development of large fetches on the southern edge of the domain, promoting the propagation of long waves.
{"title":"Changes in extreme wave events in the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Carolina B. Gramcianinov, Joanna Staneva, Ricardo de Camargo, Pedro L. da Silva Dias","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01575-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01575-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The southwestern South Atlantic (SWSA) has faced several extreme events that caused coastal and ocean hazards associated with high waves. This study aimed to investigate the extreme wave climate trends in the SWSA using percentile- and storm-based approaches to determine potential coastal impacts. Changes in extreme wave event characteristics were evaluated through distribution maps and directional density distributions. Our results showed an overall increase in the 95 $$^{th}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>th</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -percentile of the significant wave height (Hs), mostly in the northern and southern portions of the domain. There was a general increase in the area affected by the events and in their lifetimes in the austral summer. In contrast, winter events had higher maximum intensities, which were not homogeneous throughout the domain. Changes in the wave power direction affected most of the analysed locations, showing a clockwise shift of summer events and a large directional spread of events from the southern quadrant (SW–SE). These changes were related to the southwards shift of the subtropical branch of the storm track, reflecting increased cyclonic activity at 30 $$^circ $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> S (summer) and 45 $$^circ $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> S (winter). These storm track shifts allowed the development of large fetches on the southern edge of the domain, promoting the propagation of long waves.","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01578-4
Nan Yuan, Humio Mitsudera, Hideharu Sasaki
Abstract In this research, we studied the upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska using the climatological January mean and data from the output of the Ocean General Circulation Model for Earth Simulator (OFES2). Specifically, we analyzed the upwelling in the regions where the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) flows out of the Shelikof Strait (especially the part to the west of Kodiak Island) and where the ACC and the Alaskan Stream (AS) are confluent. In both regions, strong geostrophic currents and downwelling-favorable wind predominate in winter. Furthermore, there are freshwater discharges along the Alaskan coast and an observed mean current vertical shear in the ACC. We revealed that when the internal water stress is larger than the wind stress inside the study regions, this could be decisive in terms of the local horizontal velocity divergence and further upwelling, even if the region is away from the coast and lacks upwelling-favorable wind conditions. Geostrophic stress is part of the internal water stress and is a product of the geostrophic current shear (due to the thermal wind relation) and the vertical viscosity coefficient. The analysis indicated that a front with a large geostrophic stress may act as a “virtual wall” and contribute to local upwelling within a depth of approximately 100 m in the study regions. This process could provide a heuristic for understanding the distribution of pollock in the areas during February and March, which corresponds to the simulated upwelling region.
{"title":"A study of the simulated climatological January mean upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska","authors":"Nan Yuan, Humio Mitsudera, Hideharu Sasaki","doi":"10.1007/s10236-023-01578-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01578-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this research, we studied the upwelling in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska using the climatological January mean and data from the output of the Ocean General Circulation Model for Earth Simulator (OFES2). Specifically, we analyzed the upwelling in the regions where the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) flows out of the Shelikof Strait (especially the part to the west of Kodiak Island) and where the ACC and the Alaskan Stream (AS) are confluent. In both regions, strong geostrophic currents and downwelling-favorable wind predominate in winter. Furthermore, there are freshwater discharges along the Alaskan coast and an observed mean current vertical shear in the ACC. We revealed that when the internal water stress is larger than the wind stress inside the study regions, this could be decisive in terms of the local horizontal velocity divergence and further upwelling, even if the region is away from the coast and lacks upwelling-favorable wind conditions. Geostrophic stress is part of the internal water stress and is a product of the geostrophic current shear (due to the thermal wind relation) and the vertical viscosity coefficient. The analysis indicated that a front with a large geostrophic stress may act as a “virtual wall” and contribute to local upwelling within a depth of approximately 100 m in the study regions. This process could provide a heuristic for understanding the distribution of pollock in the areas during February and March, which corresponds to the simulated upwelling region.","PeriodicalId":19387,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Dynamics","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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