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Simulated response of seawater elevation and tidal dynamics in Jakarta Bay to coastal reclamation 雅加达湾海水高程和潮汐动力学对海岸填海的模拟响应
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01598-8
N. S. Ningsih, F. Hanifah, L. F. Yani, R. Rachmayani

The Jakarta Bay Reclamation (JBR) is a long-term protection project to prevent flooding in Jakarta. This study examines the effect of the JBR on water levels using the Regional Ocean Model (ROMS) to measure both the residual water levels (non-astronomic tide) and the total water levels generated by tides and Typhoons Hagibis and Mitag in November 2007. The results show that the tidal range in Jakarta Bay increased after the JBR, reaching 22.4% at Bekasi. The most significant amplitude change is S2 for the principal constituents and MK3 for shallow water constituents. The JBR does not change the direction of the propagation for S2 and MK3 in the Jakarta Bay, but it does change the phase lag. In addition, the JBR affects water elevations caused by tides and typhoons, with increased elevations between 2.69 and 11.53 cm. Although the aims of the land reclamation as a potential engineering solution are to provide for long-term protection against flooding from the sea, during the worst conditions (e.g., spring tides with perigee and remote forcing from typhoons), land reclamation will actually increase total water levels and amplitude of tidal constituents.

雅加达湾填海工程(JBR)是雅加达的一项长期防洪工程。本研究利用区域海洋模型(ROMS)测量残余水位(非天文潮汐)和潮汐以及 2007 年 11 月台风 "哈吉比斯 "和 "米塔格 "造成的总水位,研究了雅加达湾填海工程对水位的影响。结果表明,雅加达湾的潮差在 JBR 之后有所增大,在勿加泗达到 22.4%。主要成分的振幅变化最明显的是 S2,浅水成分的振幅变化最明显的是 MK3。JBR 不会改变雅加达湾 S2 和 MK3 的传播方向,但会改变相位滞后。此外,JBR 还会影响潮汐和台风造成的水位上升,上升幅度在 2.69 至 11.53 厘米之间。虽然填海造地作为一种潜在的工程解决方案,其目的是提供长期保护,防止海水淹没,但在最恶劣的条件下(如近地点春潮和台风的远距离影响),填海造地实际上会增加总水位和潮汐成分的振幅。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of satellite altimetry SWH measurements by in situ observations within 25 km from the coast 通过距海岸 25 公里范围内的实地观测评估卫星测高 SWH 测量值
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01597-9
Isabel Bué, Gil Lemos, Álvaro Semedo, João Catalão

Satellite radar altimeters (SA) have been providing ocean wind and wave measurements for over 35 years. These data have been used for modelling data assimilation, improving wind and wave climatology, and determining long-term trends of the oceanic wave parameters. Fixed observational sites (in situ locations), such as buoys, have provided reliable wave observations since the early 1970s. However, their positioning is inhomogeneous, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, and only provides point measurements. SA significant wave height (SWH) measurements have been proven as accurate as in situ observations, particularly in the open ocean. Progress in coastal altimetry sensors, upgraded data corrections, and new extraction algorithms have recently improved the quality of SA measurements closer to the coast. This study evaluates the performance of 12 SA missions from 1985 to 2020, particularly in nearshore areas. The SA SWH along-track measurements are compared with observations from 402 in situ locations, distributed worldwide within 25 km of the coastline. Results indicate a slight overestimation from the 12 SA missions, mainly for lower sea states (under 2 m high) and closer to the coast (0 to 10 km). The Sentinel-3 mission showed the highest percentages of valid measurements near the coast and presented 72.66% of collocated in situ data. This SA mission has shown the best overall performance closer to the coast, with biases, correlation coefficient, and root-mean-squared error of 0.23 m, 0.85 m, and 0.50 m, respectively. SA undersampling in coastal areas is present and can lead to underestimation during extreme wave events. The cross-validation of the wave data in two regional analyses conducted during periods of severe wave conditions is evaluated for the new altimeters’ generation.

卫星雷达测高仪(SA)提供海洋风浪测量数据已有 35 年之久。这些数据被用于模拟数据同化、改进风浪气候学以及确定海洋波浪参数的长期趋势。自 20 世纪 70 年代初以来,浮标等固定观测点(原位)提供了可靠的波浪观测数据。不过,它们的定位不均匀,主要在北半球,而且只能提供点测量。实践证明,南亚显波高度(SWH)的测量结果与现场观测结果一样准确,特别是在 开阔海域。近来,沿岸测高传感器的进步、数据修正的升级和新的提取算法,提高了近岸 SA 测量的质量。本研究评估了 1985-2020 年间 12 次 SA 任务的性能,特别是近岸区域的性能。将 SA SWH 沿轨迹测量值与分布在全球海岸线 25 公里范围内的 402 个原地观测点的观测值进行了比较。结果表明,12 个 SA 任务的估算结果略有偏高,主要是在较低海况(高度低于 2 米)和靠近海岸(0 至 10 公里)的地区。哨兵-3 号任务显示海岸附近有效测量的百分比最高,并提供了 72.66%的现场数据。在靠近海岸的地区,SA 任务的总体性能最好,偏差、相关系数和均方根误差分别为 0.23 米、0.85 米和 0.50 米。沿海地区存在 SA 取样不足的现象,在极端波浪事件中可能导致低估。在两次区域分析中,在波浪条件恶劣的时期对波浪数据进行了交叉验证,以评估 新一代高度计的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning-based forecasting of sea surface temperature in the interim future: application over the Aegean, Ionian, and Cretan Seas (NE Mediterranean Sea) 基于深度学习的未来中期海面温度预报:在爱琴海、爱奥尼亚海和克里特海(地中海东北部)的应用
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01595-3

Abstract

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a key indicator of the global climate system and is directly related to marine and coastal ecosystems, weather conditions, and atmospheric events. Marine heat waves (MHWs), characterized by prolonged periods of high SST, affect significantly the oceanic water quality and thus, the local ecosystem, and marine and coastal activities. Given the anticipated increase of MHWs occurrences due to climate change, developing targeted strategies is needed to mitigate their impact. Accurate SST forecasting can significantly contribute to this cause and thus it comprises a crucial, yet challenging, task for the scientific community. Despite the wide variety of existing methods in the literature, the majority of them focus either on providing near-future SST forecasts (a few days until 1 month) or long-term predictions (decades to century) in climate scales based on hypothetical scenarios that need to be proven. In this work, we introduce a robust deep learning-based method for efficient SST forecasting of the interim future (1 year ahead) using high-resolution satellite-derived SST data. Our approach processes daily SST sequences lasting 1 year, along with five other relevant atmospheric variables, to predict the corresponding daily SST timeseries for the subsequent year. The novel method was deployed to accurately forecast SST over the northeastern Mediterranean Seas (Aegean, Ionian, Cretan Seas: AICS). Utilizing the effectiveness of well-established deep learning architectures, our method can provide accurate spatiotemporal predictions for multiple areas at once, without the need to be deployed separately at each sub-region. The modular design of the framework allows customization for different spatial and temporal resolutions according to use case requirements. The proposed model was trained and evaluated using available data from the AICS region over a 15-year time period (2008–2022). The results demonstrate the efficiency of our method in predicting SST variability, even for previously unseen data that are over 2 years in advance, in respect to the training set. The proposed methodology is a valuable tool that also can contribute to MHWs prediction.

摘要 海洋表面温度(SST)是全球气候系统的一个关键指标,与海洋和沿海生态系统、天气状况和大气事件直接相关。海洋热浪(MHWs)的特点是长时间的高 SST,对海洋水质有很大影响,从而影响当地生态系统以及海洋和沿海活动。鉴于气候变化预计会导致热浪发生率上升,因此需要制定有针对性的策略来减轻热浪的影响。准确的 SST 预报可以在很大程度上促进这一目标的实现,因此是科学界的一项重要而又具有挑战性的任务。尽管文献中现有的方法种类繁多,但大多数方法要么侧重于提供近期(几天到一个月)的 SST 预报,要么侧重于根据需要证明的假设情景在气候尺度上进行长期预测(几十年到一个世纪)。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一种基于深度学习的稳健方法,利用高分辨率卫星衍生 SST 数据对未来中期(未来 1 年)进行高效 SST 预测。我们的方法处理持续 1 年的每日 SST 序列以及其他五个相关大气变量,以预测随后一年的相应每日 SST 时间序列。这种新方法被用于准确预报地中海东北部海域(爱琴海、爱奥尼亚海、克里特海:AICS)的海温。利用成熟的深度学习架构的有效性,我们的方法可以同时为多个区域提供准确的时空预测,而无需在每个子区域单独部署。该框架的模块化设计允许根据用例要求定制不同的空间和时间分辨率。我们使用 AICS 地区 15 年(2008-2022 年)的可用数据对所提出的模型进行了训练和评估。结果表明,相对于训练集而言,我们的方法在预测 SST 变率方面非常有效,即使是对以前未见过的提前两年以上的数据也是如此。所提出的方法是一种有价值的工具,也有助于预测多年平均海温。
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引用次数: 0
Weakly nonlinear modulation of interfacial gravity-capillary waves 界面重力-毛细管波的弱非线性调制
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01594-4

Abstract

The modified nonlinear envelope equation of interfacial gravity-capillary waves in a two-layer fluid of infinite depths for broader bandwidth with a uniform velocity of the upper fluid is derived. The derivation is made from Zakharov’s integral equation by relaxing the narrow wave bandwidth restriction to make it more applicable for utilization of a realistic sea wave spectrum. From this equation instability regions are drawn in the perturbed wave number space. The modified equation limits the wave bandwidth of a uniform Stokes wave in an excellent agreement with the accurate numerical results. We have also drawn the growth rate of modulational instability for the case of pure capillary waves.

摘要 针对上层流体速度均匀、带宽较宽的无穷深双层流体中的界面重力-毛细管波,推导了修正的非线性包络方程。该推导是在扎哈罗夫积分方程的基础上放宽了窄波带宽的限制,使其更适用于利用现实的海浪频谱。根据该方程,可在扰动波数空间绘制出不稳定区域。修改后的方程限制了均匀斯托克斯波的波带宽,与精确的数值结果非常吻合。我们还得出了纯毛细波情况下的调制不稳定性增长率。
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引用次数: 0
Significant wave height estimation from shipborne marine radar data using convolutional and self-attention network 利用卷积和自我关注网络从船载海洋雷达数据中估算波高
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01591-7
Fupeng Wang, Xiaoliang Chu, Baoxue Zhang

In this paper, a fusion model based on convolution and self-attention with multi-subimage input model (CNN-SA-MS) is proposed to estimate significant wave height (SWH) from shipborne X-band radar images. The model takes multiple radar subimages as input simultaneously, which not only improves the accuracy of SWH inversion by including more information, but also avoids the restriction of selecting a single subimage in the upwind direction and dependence on external devices for wind data provision. Based on the characteristics of radar images and computational efficiency considerations, this paper selects three radar subimages as the input for the model. The comparison data from buoys and ECMWF are used for training and testing. After averaging the results of 64 radar images, the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) of the CNN-SA-MS model are 0.197 m and 0.903, respectively. The results show that the CNN-SA-MS model improves the accuracy and stability of SWH estimation compared to single-subimage CNN regression model. For the two time periods with significant discrepancies between radar data and ECMWF predictions, we introduce satellite altimeter information as a source of reference for evaluation. The resulting analysis indicates that the significant wave height estimates generated by CNN-SA-MS model are more reliable.

本文提出了一种基于卷积和自注意的多子图像输入模型(CNN-SA-MS)融合模型,用于从船载 X 波段雷达图像估算显著波高(SWH)。该模型将多个雷达子图像同时作为输入,不仅通过包含更多信息提高了 SWH 反演的准确性,而且避免了只选择上风方向单个子图像的限制和风数据提供对外部设备的依赖。基于雷达图像的特点和计算效率的考虑,本文选择三个雷达子图像作为模型的输入。来自浮标和 ECMWF 的对比数据用于训练和测试。对 64 幅雷达图像的结果取平均值后,CNN-SA-MS 模型的均方根误差(RMSE)和相关系数(CC)分别为 0.197 m 和 0.903。结果表明,与单子图像 CNN 回归模型相比,CNN-SA-MS 模型提高了 SWH 估计的精度和稳定性。对于雷达数据与 ECMWF 预测值差异较大的两个时段,我们引入了卫星高度计信息作为评估的参考源。结果分析表明,CNN-SA-MS 模型生成的显著波高估计值更为可靠。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the methods for separating wind sea and swell from directional wave spectra in finite-depth waters 从有限深度水域定向波谱中分离风海和涌浪的方法研究
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01592-6
Zhenjun Zheng, Guohai Dong, Huawei Dong, Xiaozhou Ma, Mingfu Tang

Ocean waves are generally a mix of wind sea and swell. Given the significant disparities in their impact on engineering, the separation of wind sea and swell is of great significance for marine research and engineering applications. This work focuses on studying the methods for separating wind sea and swell from directional wave spectra in finite-depth waters (i.e., the south coast of Sri Lanka). The error caused by deep-water dispersion relationship in the identification of wind sea using wave age (WA) criterion in finite-depth waters is revealed. The magnitude of error increases with decreasing water depth and higher wind speeds. Subsequently, the impact of WA thresholds on the partitioned results of wind sea and swell is examined, followed by a summary on the procedure determining an appropriate WA threshold. Finally, effort is devoted to studying the overshoot phenomenon (OP) criterion, which does not rely on wind data. Overall, the OP criterion performs consistently with the WA criterion. However, the generation and dissipation of OP require some time. Therefore, the OP criterion exhibits a lag in capturing the growing wind sea as well as the transition of the wind sea to a young swell. Misclassification of wind sea by the OP criterion further contaminates the bulk parameters of swell. Moreover, when the wind direction changes slowly, the delays of OP-based wind sea become negligible, leading to improved identification of wind sea and swell.

海浪通常是风海和涌浪的混合体。由于风海和涌浪对工程的影响存在显著差异,因此风海和涌浪的分离对海洋研究和工程应用具有重要意义。这项工作的重点是研究从有限深度水域(即斯里兰卡南海岸)的定向波谱中分离风海和涌浪的方法。研究揭示了在有限深度水域使用波龄(WA)准则识别风海时,深水弥散关系造成的误差。误差幅度随水深减小和风速增大而增大。随后,研究了波龄阈值对风海和涌浪分区结果的影响,并总结了确定适当波龄阈值的程序。最后,对不依赖风力数据的过冲现象(OP)标准进行了研究。总体而言,OP 准则与 WA 准则的表现一致。不过,OP 的产生和消散需要一定的时间。因此,OP 准则在捕捉风海的增长以及风海向年轻涌浪的过渡方面表现出滞后性。OP 标准对风海的错误分类会进一步污染涌浪的体参数。此外,当风向变化缓慢时,基于 OP 的风海延迟变得可以忽略不计,从而改进了风海和涌浪的识别。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal and intraseasonal modulation of near-inertial wind power associated with fluctuations in unidirectional wind speed in the Bay of Bengal 与孟加拉湾单向风速波动相关的近惯性风力的季节和季节内调制
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01589-1

Abstract

This study examines the seasonal and intraseasonal modulation of near-inertial wind power associated with fluctuations in unidirectional wind speed in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). For that purpose, we use concurrent measurements of high-resolution in situ near-surface current and wind speed from six moorings in the BoB. It is found that the annual mean of near-inertial wind power in the BoB shows roughly similar magnitude (0.25–0.35 mW m−2) at all the mooring locations. However, in response to the seasonal evolution of monsoonal wind forcing, near-inertial wind power shows significant annual variability, with a maximum during summer (~ 0.4–0.5 mW m−2) and fall (~ 0.3–0.4 mW m−2) and a minimum during winter (~ 0.1 mW m−2) and spring (~ 0.2 mW m−2). In addition, it is also found that modulation of near-inertial wind power due to summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO), such as its magnitude, reaches as large as ~ 1 mW m−2 at the mooring in the northern BoB during phases 3–4 of MISO. Using a high vertical resolution of current profile data, the near-inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) budget in the mixed layer in the northern BoB shows good temporal correspondence with the magnitude of the rate of change of NIKE and near-inertial wind power, with a maximum magnitude of the rate of change of NIKE lags the wind power by 24 hr. The NIKE budget also indicates that a significant portion of near-inertial wind power dissipates in the mixed layer and rarely energises the depth regime underneath the mixed layer.

摘要 本研究探讨了与孟加拉湾(BoB)单向风速波动有关的近惯性风力的季节和季节内调制。为此,我们使用了来自孟加拉湾六个系泊站的高分辨率原位近表面海流和风速同步测量数据。结果发现,在所有系泊点,孟加拉湾近惯性风力的年平均值大致相同(0.25-0.35 mW m-2)。然而,随着季风胁迫的季节性演变,近惯性风功率显示出显著的年变化,夏季(约 0.4-0.5 mW m-2)和秋季(约 0.3-0.4 mW m-2)为最大值,冬季(约 0.1 mW m-2)和春季(约 0.2 mW m-2)为最小值。此外,研究还发现,在夏季季风季内振荡(MISO)的第 3-4 阶段,夏季季风季内振荡引起的近惯性风功率的调制,如其幅度,在北部 BoB 的锚泊处可达约 1 mW m-2。利用高垂直分辨率的海流剖面数据,北博波混合层的近惯性动能(NIKE)预算与近惯性动能变化率和近惯性风能的大小在时间上有很好的对应关系,近惯性动能变化率的最大值滞后风能 24 小时。
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引用次数: 0
The 12th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2022) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA on June 28–July 1, 2022 第 12 届国际海洋建模研讨会(IWMO 2022)将于 2022 年 6 月 28 日至 7 月 1 日在美国密歇根州安阿伯市举行
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01593-5
Jia Wang, T. Ezer, Ricardo de Camargo, Y. Miyazawa, Joanna Staneva, Fanghua Xu
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity impacts on bioeconomic models of phytoplankton and zooplankton interactions 毒性对浮游植物和浮游动物相互作用生物经济模型的影响
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01588-2
Nossaiba Baba, Imane Agmour, Youssef El Foutayeni, Naceur Achtaich

The primary aim of this research is to investigate how the presence of toxicity, stemming from phytoplankton, impacts fishing activities, catch levels, and financial returns. It is hypothesized that this toxicity arises when zooplankton accumulates harmful substances while consuming phytoplankton. To achieve this objective, we analyze a model resembling a prey-predator relationship involving phytoplankton. We examine the stable conditions in our model by utilizing eigenvalue analysis and calculate the optimal fishing effort that maximizes profitability for fishermen, employing the concept of generalized Nash equilibrium. Additionally, we explore the most effective harvesting strategy by applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle. In our numerical simulations, we identify the key variables that influence all economic aspects of the model, including fishing effort, catch levels, and benefits. Furthermore, we compare our results with findings from previous research.

本研究的主要目的是调查浮游植物产生的毒性如何影响捕捞活动、捕捞水平和经济回报。据推测,当浮游动物在消耗浮游植物的同时积累有害物质时,这种毒性就会产生。为了实现这一目标,我们分析了一个类似于涉及浮游植物的捕食者关系的模型。我们利用特征值分析来检验模型中的稳定条件,并利用广义纳什均衡的概念计算出渔民利润最大化的最优捕捞努力量。此外,我们通过应用庞特里亚金的最大值原则来探索最有效的收获策略。在我们的数值模拟中,我们确定了影响模型所有经济方面的关键变量,包括捕捞努力量、捕捞水平和效益。此外,我们将我们的结果与先前的研究结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Responses of the Pacific and Atlantic decadal variabilities under global warming by using CMIP6 models CMIP6模式对全球变暖下太平洋和大西洋年代际变化的响应
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-023-01590-8
Yuyang Shang, Peng Liu, Sheng Wu

Decadal variability in the ocean is an important indicator of climate system shifts and has considerable influences on marine ecosystems. We investigate the responses of decadal variability over the global ocean regions using nine CMIP6 models (BCC-CSM2-MR, CESM2-WACCM, CMCC-ESM2, EC-Earth3-Veg-LR, FGOAL-f3-L, INM-CM5-0, MIROC6, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, and NorESM2-MM). Our results show that climate models can capture the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability, South Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability under present-day conditions. The ocean decadal variabilities are becoming weaker and their periods are decreasing, especially under the strong global warming scenario. However, there is a discrepancy between the Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability and the other three modes of climate variability. This might be caused by the nearly unchanged atmospheric forcing in the equatorial region, which is decreasing in the higher latitude regions.

海洋的年代际变率是气候系统变化的重要指标,对海洋生态系统具有相当大的影响。我们利用9个CMIP6模式(BCC-CSM2-MR、CESM2-WACCM、ccc - esm2、EC-Earth3-Veg-LR、FGOAL-f3-L、INM-CM5-0、MIROC6、MPI-ESM1-2-LR和NorESM2-MM)研究了全球海洋区域的年代变率响应。结果表明,在当前条件下,气候模式可以捕获太平洋年代际振荡、热带太平洋年代际变化、南太平洋年代际振荡和大西洋多年代际变化。海洋年代际变率正在变弱,周期正在缩短,特别是在全球变暖强烈的情景下。然而,热带太平洋年代际变率与其他三种气候变率模态之间存在差异。这可能是由于赤道地区几乎不变的大气强迫造成的,而在高纬度地区,这种强迫正在减弱。
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引用次数: 0
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Ocean Dynamics
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