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An ensemble-based data assimilation system for forecasting variability of the Northwestern Pacific ocean 预报西北太平洋海洋变化的集合数据同化系统
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01614-x
Yasumasa Miyazawa, Max Yaremchuk, Sergey M. Varlamov, Toru Miyama, Yu-Lin K. Chang, Hakase Hayashida

An adjoint-free four-dimensional variational (a4dVar) data assimilation (DA) is implemented in an operational ocean forecast system based on an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model for the Northwestern Pacific. Validation of the system against independent observations demonstrates that fitting the model to time-dependent satellite altimetry during a 10-day DA window leads to substantial skill improvements in the succeeding 60-day hindcast. The a4dVar corrects representation of the Kuroshio path variation south of Japan by adjusting the dynamical balance between amplitude/wavelength of the meander and flow advection. A larger ensemble spread tends to reduce the skill in representing the observed sea surface height anomaly, suggesting that it is possible to use the ensemble information for quantifying the forecast error. The ensemble information is also utilized for modification of the background error covariance (BEC), which improves the accuracy of temperature and salinity distributions. The modified BEC yields the skill decline of the Kuroshio path variation during the 60-day hindcast period, and the ensemble sensitivity analysis shows that changes in the dynamical balance caused by the ensemble BEC result in such skill deterioration.

在一个基于西北太平洋涡旋解算海洋大气环流模式的业务化海洋预报系统中,实施了无邻接四维变分(a4dVar)数据同化(DA)。根据独立观测数据对该系统进行的验证表明,在 10 天的数据同化窗口期间,将模型与随时间变化的卫星测高数据进行拟合,可大幅提高后续 60 天的后报精度。a4dVar 通过调整蜿蜒的振幅/波长与气流平流之间的动态平衡,修正了日本以南黑潮路径变化的表示。较大的集合散布往往会降低对观测到的海面高度异常的描述能力,这表明可以利用集合信息来量化预报误差。集合信息还可用于修改背景误差协方差(BEC),从而提高温度和盐度分布的精度。修改后的背景误差协方差得出了黑潮路径变化在 60 天后报期间的技能下降,集合敏感性分析表明,集合背景误差协方差引起的动力平衡变化导致了这种技能下降。
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引用次数: 0
Special modes with narrow amplification diagrams in harbor oscillations: definition and parametric study 港湾振荡中具有窄放大图的特殊模式:定义和参数研究
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01616-9
Zhenjun Zheng, Guohai Dong, Xiaozhou Ma

Natural modes characterized by amplification diagrams with extremely narrow peaks are frequently observed in harbor oscillations, referred to as extreme modes. This study presents a detailed numerical investigation into extreme modes. A new definition of extreme modes is established based on the modal structure instead of solely relying on the frequency–response diagram. Extreme modes arise when they primarily oscillate between the harbor walls, and one or more nodal lines intersect the harbor entrance. Subsequently, the variations exhibited by the extreme mode in response to varying geometry and wave parameters are explored, with specific consideration given to the influences of wave direction, partial reflection, and topography. The creation of an extra entrance in the oscillatory direction of the extreme mode may cause it to disappear. Moreover, the extreme mode can be significantly mitigated by slightly reducing the wave reflection between harbor walls. Changing the entrance position can adjust the modal structure and prevent nodal lines from crossing the entrance, thereby averting excessively high amplification factors. Under symmetrical conditions, extreme modes may not be activated, but slight asymmetries in wave direction, topography, or harbor layout can trigger them. The extreme modes exhibit heightened sensitivity to variations in entrance width and length compared to ordinary modes. A reduction in entrance width or an extension of the entrance length can notably intensify the extreme mode.

在港口振荡中经常可以观察到以峰值极窄的放大图为特征的自然模态,即极端模态。本研究对极端模态进行了详细的数值研究。根据模态结构而非仅仅依靠频率响应图,对极端模态进行了新的定义。当极端模态主要在港壁之间振荡,且一条或多条节点线与港口入口相交时,极端模态就会出现。随后,探讨了极端模式在不同几何形状和波浪参数下的响应变化,特别考虑了波浪方向、部分反射和地形的影响。在极值模式的振荡方向上增设一个入口可能会导致极值模式消失。此外,通过略微减少港壁之间的波浪反射,也可大大缓解极端模式。改变入口位置可以调整模态结构,防止节点线穿过入口,从而避免过高的放大系数。在对称条件下,极端模式可能不会被激活,但波浪方向、地形或港口布局的轻微不对称会触发极端模式。与普通模式相比,极端模式对入口宽度和长度变化的敏感度更高。入口宽度的减小或入口长度的延长都会明显增强极端模式。
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引用次数: 0
Processes responsible for mixed layer variations near mesoscale eddies in the Bay of Bengal 造成孟加拉湾中尺度涡附近混合层变化的过程
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01612-z
Venkata Sai Gulakaram, Naresh Krishna Vissa, Prasad Kumar Bhaskaran

The present study investigates the mixed layer variations near mesoscale eddies in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) using satellite altimeter and Argo data. Furthermore, the factors responsible for sea surface variations near mesoscale eddies are analyzed using the mixed layer heat and salinity budgets estimated from Argo profiles. In the diagnostic mixed layer heat budget analysis, the entrainment term is parametrized based on the presence and absence of the barrier layer. The role of inversion and barrier layers on eddy-induced temperature variations is also examined near eddy locations. Results showed that anti-cyclonic eddies deepen mixed layer depth (MLD) and barrier layer thickness (BLT). Whereas, near cyclonic eddies shallower MLD and BLT is evident. However, MLD and BLT variations near mesoscale eddies are prominent during monsoon and winter seasons, respectively. Heat budget analysis near eddy locations depicts that surface heat fluxes and vertical entrainment are the primary factors responsible for temperature variations near mesoscale eddies. Similarly, the salinity budget analysis near eddy locations reveals that horizontal advection (stirring effect) is the predominant processes responsible for the salinity variations. The outcome of the present study is believed to be useful in validating and improving the eddy-resolving ocean models.

本研究利用卫星高度计和 Argo 数据对孟加拉湾(BoB)中尺度涡附近的混合层变化进行了研究。此外,还利用 Argo 剖面估算的混合层热量和盐度预算分析了造成中尺度漩涡附近海面变化的因素。在混合层热量预算诊断分析中,根据障碍层的存在和不存在对夹带项进行了参数化。还研究了漩涡位置附近的反转层和阻挡层对漩涡引起的温度变化的作用。结果表明,反气旋漩涡会加深混合层深度(MLD)和阻挡层厚度(BLT)。而在旋涡附近,混合层深度和阻挡层厚度明显变浅。然而,中尺度漩涡附近的混合层深度和阻挡层厚度变化分别在季风季节和冬季十分明显。漩涡附近的热量收支分析表明,表面热通量和垂直夹带是造成中尺度漩涡附近温度变化的主要因素。同样,漩涡位置附近的盐度预算分析表明,水平平流(搅拌效应)是造成盐度变化的主要过程。相信本研究的结果将有助于验证和改进漩涡解析海洋模式。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the representation of landfast ice on the simulation of the Arctic sea ice and Arctic Ocean halocline 陆冻冰的表现形式对北极海冰和北冰洋卤化线模拟的影响
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01611-0
Jean Sterlin, Tim Orval, Jean-François Lemieux, Clément Rousset, Thierry Fichefet, François Massonnet, Jonathan Raulier

Landfast ice is near-motionless sea ice attached to the coast. Despite its potential for modifying sea ice and ocean properties, most state-of-the-art sea ice models poorly represent landfast ice. Here, we examine two crucial processes responsible for the formation and stabilization of landfast ice, namely sea ice tensile strength and seabed–ice keel interactions. We investigate the impact of these processes on the Arctic sea ice cover and halocline layer using the global coupled ocean–sea ice model NEMO-LIM3. We show that including seabed–ice keel stress improves the seasonality and spatial distribution of the landfast ice cover in the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. This improved landfast ice representation sets the position of flaw polynyas to new locations approximately above the continental shelf break. The impact of sea ice tensile strength on the stability of the Arctic halocline layer is far more effective. Incorporating this process in the model yields a thicker, more consolidated, and less mobile Arctic sea ice pack that further decouples the ocean and atmosphere. As a result, the available potential energy of the Arctic halocline is decreased (increased) by (sim )30kJ/m(^2) ((sim )30kJ/m(^2)) in the Amerasian (Eurasian) compared to the reference simulation excluding sea ice tensile strength and seabed–ice keel stress. Our findings highlight the need to better understand landfast ice physical processes conjointly with the subsequent influences on the ocean and sea ice states.

陆冰是附着在海岸上的近乎不动的海冰。尽管陆冰具有改变海冰和海洋属性的潜力,但大多数最先进的海冰模型对陆冰的表现不佳。在这里,我们研究了陆冰形成和稳定的两个关键过程,即海冰抗拉强度和海床-冰龙骨相互作用。我们利用全球海洋-海冰耦合模型 NEMO-LIM3 研究了这些过程对北极海冰覆盖层和卤化层的影响。我们的研究表明,将海底-冰龙骨应力包括在内,可以改善拉普捷夫海和东西伯利亚海陆冰覆盖的季节性和空间分布。这种改进的陆冰表现形式将有缺陷的多冰带的位置设定在大约大陆架断裂带上方的新位置。海冰拉伸强度对北极卤化层稳定性的影响要有效得多。将这一过程纳入模型后,北极海冰群会更厚、更固结、移动性更弱,从而使海洋和大气进一步分离。因此,与不包括海冰抗拉强度和海床-冰龙骨应力的参考模拟相比,美洲(欧亚)北极卤化层的可用势能减少(增加)了((sim )30kJ/m(^2) ((sim )30kJ/m(^2)) 。我们的研究结果突出表明,需要更好地理解陆冰物理过程及其对海洋和海冰状态的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Towards efficient coastal flood modeling: A comparative assessment of bathtub, extended hydrodynamic, and total water level approaches 建立高效的沿岸洪水模型:浴缸法、扩展流体力学法和总水位法的比较评估
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01610-1
Yi Hong, James Kessler, Daniel Titze, Qing Yang, Xinyi Shen, Eric J. Anderson

Coastal flooding within Great Lakes communities poses severe threats to ecosystem and economic sustainability. Accurate and efficient flood predictions could provide critical advanced warnings and improve local resilience. Three types of modeling approaches, including the Bathtub Method (BTM), Extended Hydrodynamic model (EXT), and Total Water Level (TWL) approach, were evaluated for a flood event in the Great Lakes. These studied modeling approaches have successfully replicated water levels at four nearshore gauge stations in the lake, indicating a reliable starting point for coastal flood simulations. Comparisons were made between simulations of maximum flood extent using different methods in three typical high flooding risk areas, including an open-bay area, along coasts of drowned-river-mouth (estuaries) lakes, and a section of shoreline with heavy infrastructural facilities. In addition, aerial photos from news reports and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were analyzed in this study to provide observed information for the studied flooding events. According to the results, BTM and EXT were consistent in simulating flood extents for various types of coastal areas, while the TWL was limited in predicting flood propagation into inland areas, particularly in the coasts of river-mouth lakes. Despite slightly overestimating the flood extent in disconnected low-lying areas, the BTM can still serve as a cost-effective tool to provide preliminary flood simulations for the Great Lakes region. We further discuss operational perspectives of using BTM, EXT, and TWL for coastal flood modeling. The results of this study could be used to improve the guidance of coastal management by determining efficient and accurate approaches for coastal flood predictions.

五大湖社区的沿海洪水对生态系统和经济可持续性构成了严重威胁。准确、高效的洪水预测可以提供重要的预先警报,提高当地的抗灾能力。针对五大湖的洪水事件评估了三种建模方法,包括浴缸法 (BTM)、扩展水动力模型 (EXT) 和总水位法 (TWL)。这些模拟方法成功地复制了湖区四个近岸测站的水位,为沿岸洪水模拟提供了可靠的起点。在三个典型的洪水高风险区域,包括开阔的海湾地区、淹没河口(河口)湖泊沿岸和有重 型基础设施的一段海岸线,采用不同方法模拟的最大洪水范围进行了比较。此外,本研究还分析了新闻报道中的航拍照片和合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据,以提供所研究洪水事件的观测信息。结果表明,BTM 和 EXT 在模拟各种类型沿海地区的洪水范围方面具有一致性,而 TWL 在预测洪水向内陆地区,尤其是河口湖泊沿岸传播方面存在局限性。尽管 BTM 略微高估了互不相连的低洼地区的洪水范围,但它仍然可以作为一种具有成本效益的工具,为五大湖区提供初步的洪水模拟。我们进一步讨论了利用 BTM、EXT 和 TWL 进行沿岸洪水模拟的操作前景。这些研究结果可用于指导沿岸管理,为沿岸洪水预报确定有效和准确的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Cold fronts control multiscale spatiotemporal hydroperiod patterns in a man-made subtropical coastal delta (Wax Lake Region, Louisiana USA) 冷锋控制人造亚热带沿海三角洲(美国路易斯安那州瓦克斯湖地区)的多尺度时空水文周期模式
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01608-9

Abstract

Atmospheric cold fronts quasi-periodically produce storm surges and generate significant subtidal oscillations of water levels and water transport in coastal environments. Yet, it is unclear how these weather events—at regional scales —control the hydrodynamics in delta-dominated coasts. Here, we used a numerical model (SCHISM) to simulate the inundation/drying and water circulations generated by varying winds associated with cold front passages across the Atchafalaya Bay in the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) region. Water transport induced by winds through major channels of the WLD and that between the adjacent Vermilion Bay and inner shelf were quantified to evaluate the impact of cold fronts. Results show that significant wetting/drying conditions are highly correlated with wind direction and strength. Southerly/easterly winds tend to cause water set-up, thus inundating the delta region, while northerly and westerly winds cause water set-down, draining the bay into the continental shelf. As a result, up to 60% of the delta area (~ 50 km2) can become exposed land under northerly winds. The interconnectivity of the delta channel system is also highly dependent on the wind direction and magnitude: up to 37% of the total transport is through the shallow waters outside of the channels during cold fronts. In contrast, the water levels and velocity variations in the delta region were negatively correlated with the alongshore wind, a result of Ekman transport. At the delta head, where freshwater flows like a strong jet into the region, the velocity is marginally correlated with the wind but mostly correlated with seasonal river discharge variability of river discharge. At the transitional zone between the bay and coastal ocean, water level and surface flows are dominated by tidal forcing in contrast to the delta lobes area where wind regulates the flooding area extension. The bottom velocity and water levels at sites along the Atchafalaya Bay mouth negatively correlate with onshore wind, indicating bottom return flows against the wind. Our study offers a glimpse of how a combination of atmospheric and hydrodynamic forces operate in a young delta, where the coast is experiencing the highest sea level rise in North America.

摘要 大气冷锋准周期性地产生风暴潮,并对沿岸环境的水位和水流产生显著的潮下振动。然而,目前还不清楚这些天气事件在区域尺度上是如何控制以三角洲为主的海岸的水动力的。在此,我们使用一个数值模型(SCHISM)模拟了墨西哥湾北部阿查法拉亚湾,特别是瓦克斯湖三角洲(WLD)地区与冷锋过境相关的变化风所产生的淹没/干燥和水循环。为评估冷锋的影响,对通过 WLD 主要通道的风引起的水流输送以及邻近的朱砂湾和内陆架之间的水流输送进行了量化。结果表明,重要的湿润/干燥条件与风向和风力高度相关。南风/东风往往会导致水位上升,从而淹没三角洲地区,而北风和西风则会导致水位下降,将海湾的水排入大陆架。因此,在北风的作用下,多达 60% 的三角洲区域(约 50 平方公里)会成为裸露的陆地。三角洲水道系统的相互连接也与风向和风力大小有很大关系:在冷锋期间,高达 37% 的总输送量是通过水道外的浅水区进行的。相反,三角洲地区的水位和流速变化与沿岸风向呈负相关,这是埃克曼输送的结果。在三角洲头,淡水像一股强大的喷流流入该区域,流速与风的相关性较小,但主要与河流排泄量的季节性变化相关。在海湾和沿岸海洋之间的过渡区,水位和表层流主要受潮汐作用的影响,而在三角洲裂片区,风力对洪泛区的扩展起着调节作用。阿查法拉亚湾湾口沿岸的底层流速和水位与陆上风力呈负相关,表明底层回流与风力相反。我们的研究让人们看到了大气和流体动力如何在年轻的三角洲中共同作用,而这里的海岸正经历着北美最高的海平面上升。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the Benguela upwelling eddies using Lagrangian modeling methods 利用拉格朗日建模方法研究本格拉上升流漩涡
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01609-8
Tatyana V. Belonenko, Maksim V. Budyansky, Avelina F. Akhtyamova, Alexander A. Udalov

In this research, we utilize AVISO altimetry data, the GLORYS12V1 product, and the META3.2 DT Atlas to investigate the Benguela upwelling. By combining these three datasets, we explore the propagation of mesoscale eddies generated within the upwelling zone and examine the dispersion of particles originating from the upwelling zone. The geographical scope of our analysis is confined to the region between 10–36°S and 0–20°E. We employ Lagrangian analysis and the AMEDA approach to study the eddies formed in the upwelling zone. The diverse methods applied enable us to track the movement of upwelling fluid elements in the specified area. The identification of the upwelling zone relies on temperature and salinity gradients in the coastal region. The primary focus of this study revolves around mesoscale eddies emerging in the upwelling zone. We scrutinize the trajectories of cyclones and anticyclones as they propagate westward from the upwelling zone, highlighting variations in the number of upwelling-origin particles within these eddies. We observe distinctions in the locations of upwelling cells between cyclones and anticyclones. Our results indicate that among mesoscale eddies generated in the upwelling zone cyclones predominate. We show that Lagrangian particles, leaving the upwelling zone, propagate throughout the area under consideration. For these particles, we can determine the travel time from the upwelling zone from 1 to 365 days and distances of 500 km for cyclones and 300 km for anticyclones. We found that cyclones are more stable structures with a longer lifetime and with a longer distance traveled in contrast to anticyclones. We believe this is a distinctive feature of the eddies with upwelling origins in comparison with other mesoscale eddies in the area. Finally, we analyze the change of water properties inside the eddies after they leave the upwelling zone and show a significant renewal of vortex cores occurring after 1–2 months of their life.

在这项研究中,我们利用 AVISO 测高数据、GLORYS12V1 产品和 META3.2 DT 图集来研究本格拉上升流。通过结合这三个数据集,我们探索了上升流区内产生的中尺度漩涡的传播情况,并研究了源自上升流区的粒子的扩散情况。我们分析的地理范围仅限于南纬 10-36 度和东经 0-20 度之间的区域。我们采用拉格朗日分析和 AMEDA 方法来研究上升流区形成的漩涡。所采用的各种方法使我们能够跟踪指定区域内上升流流体要素的运动。上涌区的确定依赖于沿岸地区的温度和盐度梯度。本研究的主要重点是在上升流区出现的中尺度漩涡。我们仔细研究了气旋和反气旋从上升流区向西传播的轨迹,突出了这些漩涡中源于上升流的粒子数量的变化。我们观察到气旋和反气旋之间上升流细胞位置的差异。我们的研究结果表明,在上升流区产生的中尺度涡旋中,气旋占主导地位。我们发现,离开上升流区的拉格朗日粒子会在整个区域内传播。对于这些粒子,我们可以确定从上升流区出发的时间为 1 到 365 天,气旋的传播距离为 500 千米,反气旋的传播距离为 300 千米。我们发现,与反气旋相比,气旋是更稳定的结构,寿命更长,移动距离更远。我们认为,与该地区其他中尺度漩涡相比,这是源于上升流的漩涡的一个显著特征。最后,我们分析了漩涡离开上升流区后内部水属性的变化,结果表明漩涡核心在其生命周期的 1-2 个月后发生了显著的更新。
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引用次数: 0
Eutrophication hotspots, nitrogen fluxes and climate impacts in estuarine ecosystems: A model study of the Odra estuary system 河口生态系统的富营养化热点、氮通量和气候影响:奥德拉河河口系统模型研究
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01607-w

Abstract

The Odra estuary in the southern Baltic Sea comprises the Odra (Szczecin) Lagoon, the Pomeranian Bay and a number of other shallow water areas and channels. Known for its abundance of fish, eutrophication in the Odra Lagoon is a pressing issue for science and environmental management representing a global problem: What determines the seasonal variability of nitrogen and nitrogen turnover in shallow water areas, and how does seasonal variability change due to climatic changes such as warming and sea level rise? How do such changes affect nutrient exports to the regional ocean? This study employs a high-resolution unstructured model system to investigate physical-biogeochemical interactions, nitrogen turnover, and conditions leading to nitrogen export to the Baltic Sea within the Odra estuary. The research comprises hindcast and a climatic experiment with modified water level and temperature inputs. The model reproduces the thermohaline dynamics of brackish shallow water areas, phytoplankton blooms and the variability of inorganic nitrogen. The simulations identify the dynamic partitioning of the Odra Lagoon into the highly eutrophic, lake-like Small Lagoon and more frequently flushed, zooplankton-rich Great Lagoon. Although the two years of the hindcast simulation feature very different boundary conditions in terms of river forcing, comparable patterns of seasonal nitrogen export emerge. In a climate change experiment with increased sea levels and global temperatures, the system appears sensitive, but remains stable with regard to nutrient transport and is therefore predictable. The climate change experiment reveals enhanced primary producer biomass concentrations, suggesting heightened eutrophication. While in the shallow waters of Odra Lagoon oxygen concentration remains relatively stable, oxygen depletion intensifies as the lagoon outflows enter the Pomeranian Bay. This phenomenon is linked to increased denitrification within the stratified Odra plume. Deeper, meandering channels, such as Swina, demonstrate resilience to oxygen reduction, influenced by sea level rise and enhanced currents. Based on the temporal-spatial high-resolution coupled, validated simulations, it is possible to develop tailor-made management solutions without having to run expensive and complicated observation campaigns in the shallow waters with complex topography.

摘要 波罗的海南部的奥德拉河河口由奥德拉(什切青)泻湖、波美拉尼亚湾以及其他一些浅水区和河道组成。奥德拉泻湖以鱼类丰富而闻名,其富营养化是科学和环境管理的一个紧迫问题,也是一个全球性问题:是什么决定了浅水区氮和氮周转的季节性变化?这些变化如何影响区域海洋的营养物质输出?本研究采用了一个高分辨率非结构化模型系统,以调查物理-生物地球化学相互作用、氮周转以及导致奥德拉河口内氮向波罗的海输出的条件。研究内容包括后报和气候实验,并对水位和温度输入进行了修改。该模型再现了咸水浅水区的温盐动态、浮游植物的繁殖和无机氮的变化。模拟确定了奥德拉泻湖的动态分区,即高度富营养化、类似湖泊的小泻湖和更频繁冲刷、富含浮游动物的大泻湖。虽然后报模拟的两个年份在河流作用力方面的边界条件截然不同,但却出现了类似的季节性氮输出模式。在海平面和全球气温升高的气候变化实验中,该系统似乎很敏感,但在营养物质迁移方面保持稳定,因此是可以预测的。气候变化实验显示初级生产者生物量浓度增加,表明富营养化加剧。虽然奥德拉泻湖浅水区的氧气浓度保持相对稳定,但当泻湖外流进入波美拉尼亚湾时,氧气消耗加剧。这种现象与奥德拉河分层水流中脱氮作用的增强有关。在海平面上升和海流增强的影响下,斯维纳等较深的蜿蜒水道显示出氧气减少的恢复能力。基于时间-空间高分辨率耦合验证模拟,可以制定量身定制的管理解决方案,而无需在地形复杂的浅水区开展昂贵而复杂的观测活动。
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引用次数: 0
Pathways of surface oceanic water intrusion into the Amazon Continental Shelf 表层海水侵入亚马逊大陆架的途径
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01606-x
Pedro Paulo de Freitas, Mauro Cirano, Carlos Eduardo Peres Teixeira, Martinho Marta-Almeida, Francisco Flávio de Brito Borges, Camilo Andrés Guerrero-Martin, Vando José Costa Gomes

The Amazon Continental Shelf (ACS) is a shallow region (< 100 m), with a maximum width of 330 km, which encloses the northern portion of the Brazilian continental shelf and has great ecological and climatic importance on a global scale. Although important scientific efforts have been made to understand the hydrodynamics of the ACS and the dispersion of the Amazon River plume, there are still few studies that address surface oceanic water intrusion into the ACS. This study describes the existence of preferential surface oceanic water intrusion pathways into the ACS along 3 sectors: Maranhão (MA shelf), Pará (PA shelf) and Amapá (AP shelf). The analysis is based on: (i) 306 surface drifter trajectories along 1344 km of the ACS (provided by the Global Drifter Program) and (ii) 20 years of Lagrangian simulations (with Parcels model forced by currents from the reanalysis GLORYS). The results show that the MA shelf sector is the main pathway for surface oceanic water intrusions into the ACS, corresponding to 56% of the intrusions, followed by PA shelf (43%) and AP shelf (1%). During the austral summer, intrusions occur with a higher frequency in PA and AP shelf. The MA shelf shows weak seasonality in the intrusions. The temporal variability of particle intrusion rates into the ACS is directly related to the variability of the trade winds, and the meso-scale circulation associated with the North Brazil Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent.

亚马逊大陆架(ACS)是一个浅海区域(< 100 米),最大宽度为 330 千米,位于巴西大陆架的北部,在全球范围内具有重要的生态和气候意义。虽然科学界已做出重要努力来了解 ACS 的流体力学和亚马逊河羽流的扩散情况,但针对表层海水侵入 ACS 的研究仍然很少。本研究描述了亚马孙流域三个区块存在的表层海水优先入侵亚马孙流域的途径:马拉尼昂州(MA 陆架)、帕拉州(PA 陆架)和阿马帕州(AP 陆架)。分析基于:(i) ACS 1344 公里沿线的 306 条海面漂流轨迹(由全球漂流者计划提供)和 (ii) 20 年的拉格朗日模拟(Parcels 模型由再分析 GLORYS 的海流强迫)。结果表明,马萨诸塞陆架是表层海水侵入 ACS 的主要途径,占侵入量的 56%,其次是 PA 陆架(43%)和 AP 陆架(1%)。在澳大利亚夏季,入侵发生在 PA 陆架和 AP 陆架的频率较高。马萨诸塞陆架的入侵季节性较弱。颗粒物侵入 ACS 的时间变化率与信风的变化以及与北巴西洋流和北赤道逆流相关的中尺度环流直接相关。
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引用次数: 0
Water exchange in the Dardanelles: variations on synoptic to interannual time scales 达达尼尔海峡的水交换:从同步时间尺度到年际时间尺度的变化
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01604-z
Şehriban Saçu, Olgay Şen, Tarkan Erdik, İzzet Öztürk, Emil V. Stanev

The bidirectional mass exchange between the Marmara Sea and the Aegean Sea provides one part of the critical hydrodynamic links between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we examined exchange in the Dardanelles based on a 3-D numerical model simulation covering an 11-year period under realistic atmospheric forcing. The model includes the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea, and a part of the Aegean Sea to include the remote effects of basin dynamics. The main features as one-, two-, and three-layered flow structures are successfully reproduced by the model in comparison to earlier observations. It is found that the strait is subject to submaximal exchange by only one control near the Nara Pass. According to long-term modeling results, most variability occurs on synoptic time scales, and wind stress has a dominant role in those variations. The seasonal and interannual variability of exchange flow is relatively low and displays a close relationship with freshwater input to the Black Sea.

马尔马拉海与爱琴海之间的双向质量交换是黑海与地中海之间重要水动力联系的一部分。在本研究中,我们基于三维数值模型模拟,考察了达达尼尔海峡在现实大气胁迫下 11 年的交换情况。模型包括黑海、马尔马拉海和爱琴海的一部分,以包括海盆动力学的远距离影响。与早期观测结果相比,该模型成功地再现了单层、双层和三层流动结构的主要特征。研究发现,该海峡仅在奈良隘口附近受到一个控制的次最大交换。根据长期模拟结果,大多数变化发生在同步时间尺度上,而风压在这些变化中起主导作用。交换流量的季节和年际变化相对较小,与黑海的淡水输入量关系密切。
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Ocean Dynamics
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