Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_47_20
Mahdi Dissi, S. Ibrahim, Y. Tanko, A. Mohammed
Background: Adverse health outcomes of night shiftwork (NSW) have been reported from observational studies but interventional researches mimicking NSW are dearth. This study aimed to simulate NSW and investigate its effect on lipid profile, hematological, and immunoinflammatory parameters in adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks, weighing 100 g ± 12 g were equally and randomly divided into control and NSW groups. Night shift-work group was sleep restricted and exposed to light at night for 6 weeks. Lipids were analyzed using their respective Randox kits and chemistry Autoanalyser (mindry Ba-88a). Full blood count was done using an Automated Hematology analyzer (Mindray BC-10) and CD 4+ T-cells were estimated using an automated Partec Cyflow counter. Data were analyzed using SPSS V20.0 and summarized using mean ± standard error of means. Student's t-test was used to investigate differences between the groups and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results demonstrated NSW rats to exhibit trends toward lower high-density lipoprotein, higher triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and lipid ratios compared to controls (P > 0.05). In addition, NSW group exhibited significant reduction in total WBC count, marginal decrease in CD4+ T-cells, and absolute lymphopenia. In addition, while erythrothrombotic parameters of the two groups appeared statistically similar, platelets-to-lymphocytes ratio is slightly higher and red cell distribution width coefficient is significantly lower in the NSW group. Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated the potentials of night shiftwork to increase atherogenic lipids, lower cardioprotective lipids, impair immunological competence and increase systemic inflammation in male Wistar rats. These finding have highlighted the need for extensive research effort in order to fully understand mechanisms through which NSW affect immunoinflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular health.
{"title":"Effect of night shiftwork on lipid profile, hematological, and immunoinflammatory parameters in adult male wistar rats","authors":"Mahdi Dissi, S. Ibrahim, Y. Tanko, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_47_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_47_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adverse health outcomes of night shiftwork (NSW) have been reported from observational studies but interventional researches mimicking NSW are dearth. This study aimed to simulate NSW and investigate its effect on lipid profile, hematological, and immunoinflammatory parameters in adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks, weighing 100 g ± 12 g were equally and randomly divided into control and NSW groups. Night shift-work group was sleep restricted and exposed to light at night for 6 weeks. Lipids were analyzed using their respective Randox kits and chemistry Autoanalyser (mindry Ba-88a). Full blood count was done using an Automated Hematology analyzer (Mindray BC-10) and CD 4+ T-cells were estimated using an automated Partec Cyflow counter. Data were analyzed using SPSS V20.0 and summarized using mean ± standard error of means. Student's t-test was used to investigate differences between the groups and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results demonstrated NSW rats to exhibit trends toward lower high-density lipoprotein, higher triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and lipid ratios compared to controls (P > 0.05). In addition, NSW group exhibited significant reduction in total WBC count, marginal decrease in CD4+ T-cells, and absolute lymphopenia. In addition, while erythrothrombotic parameters of the two groups appeared statistically similar, platelets-to-lymphocytes ratio is slightly higher and red cell distribution width coefficient is significantly lower in the NSW group. Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated the potentials of night shiftwork to increase atherogenic lipids, lower cardioprotective lipids, impair immunological competence and increase systemic inflammation in male Wistar rats. These finding have highlighted the need for extensive research effort in order to fully understand mechanisms through which NSW affect immunoinflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular health.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"68 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86558034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_7_21
O. Uche, Asekhame Oshomome
Background and Objective: Safety concerns have been expressed in the extensive applications of nanoparticles in nanomedicine and consumers' products. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of in vitro nanosilver (NS) exposure on erythrocytes membrane integrity during osmotic fragility (OF) reactivity in different hemoglobin genotypes (HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS). Materials and Methods: Blood sample was collected from 45 consenting male and female participants' age 20–30 years; comprising 15 (HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS). Red blood cells were separated, washed, and divided into three sets with each sample treated in triplicate with graded percentage concentrations of NaCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9). Two sets of the blood samples were preincubated with 1 ml and/or 2 ml of 10 ppm NS and 0.9 normal saline for 1 h, while the other set was exposed directly to access the capacity of erythrocyte hemoglobin genotypes to withstand osmotic stress. The absorbance from supernatants was recorded after 30 min incubation with standard spectrophotometer at 540 nm wavelength. The mean values of percentage hemolysis were plotted against the different NaCl concentrations. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the OF response curves and mean OF (MOF) indices (concentration of the solution when 50% of the cells are hemolyzed) in the different genotypes. The MOF concentrations of the three genotypes were in the order: HbAA > HbAS > HbSS. The relative capacity of NS to stabilize erythrocyte membrane in the three genotypes was in the order HBSS > HBAS >HBAA. Conclusion: There was no undesirable NS effect on the erythrocyte OF responses in the different hemoglobin genotypes but a greater membrane stabilization effect in the HBSS.
{"title":"Stability in erythrocyte fragility responses of hemoglobin genotypes exposed to nanosilver","authors":"O. Uche, Asekhame Oshomome","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_7_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_7_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Safety concerns have been expressed in the extensive applications of nanoparticles in nanomedicine and consumers' products. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of in vitro nanosilver (NS) exposure on erythrocytes membrane integrity during osmotic fragility (OF) reactivity in different hemoglobin genotypes (HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS). Materials and Methods: Blood sample was collected from 45 consenting male and female participants' age 20–30 years; comprising 15 (HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS). Red blood cells were separated, washed, and divided into three sets with each sample treated in triplicate with graded percentage concentrations of NaCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9). Two sets of the blood samples were preincubated with 1 ml and/or 2 ml of 10 ppm NS and 0.9 normal saline for 1 h, while the other set was exposed directly to access the capacity of erythrocyte hemoglobin genotypes to withstand osmotic stress. The absorbance from supernatants was recorded after 30 min incubation with standard spectrophotometer at 540 nm wavelength. The mean values of percentage hemolysis were plotted against the different NaCl concentrations. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the OF response curves and mean OF (MOF) indices (concentration of the solution when 50% of the cells are hemolyzed) in the different genotypes. The MOF concentrations of the three genotypes were in the order: HbAA > HbAS > HbSS. The relative capacity of NS to stabilize erythrocyte membrane in the three genotypes was in the order HBSS > HBAS >HBAA. Conclusion: There was no undesirable NS effect on the erythrocyte OF responses in the different hemoglobin genotypes but a greater membrane stabilization effect in the HBSS.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"117 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75508053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_1_21
Igbayilola Dimeji, A. Samson, Mofolorunso Muiz, A. Ayoola, M. Olufemi
Background: In Africa traditional medicine, certain plant leaves and fruits are employed in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and liver disorders. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is named among Nigerian plants that are under investigation for its medicinal activities. The present study investigates the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective potentials of C. sativus-supplemented diet in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve male and twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study and were grouped into four equal rats – Group A: control male (CM) fed with normal rat chow, Group B: control female (CF) fed with normal rat chow, Group C: cucumber-supplemented male (CSM) fed with cucumber-supplemented diet, and Group D: cucumber-supplemented female (CSF) fed with cucumber-supplemented diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight change, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hepatic lipase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were determined. Hepatic and myocytic glycogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were also assessed. Results: The result displayed a nonsignificant decrease (P > 0.05) in weight change in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. TG and LDL downregulated significantly (P > 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF while HDL significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SOD and CAT activities in CSM and CSF with a concomitant reduction in GSH activity and MDA level compared with CM and CF. ALP, AST, and ALT levels downregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. Despite a significant increase (P < 0.05) in skeletal glycogen, hepatic glycogen downregulated in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. Conclusion: It is evidenced that C. sativus-supplemented diet possessed hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, though the effects were more marked in female rats compared with their male counterparts.
{"title":"Hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects of cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)-Supplemented diet in both sexes of sprague-dawley rats","authors":"Igbayilola Dimeji, A. Samson, Mofolorunso Muiz, A. Ayoola, M. Olufemi","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_1_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_1_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Africa traditional medicine, certain plant leaves and fruits are employed in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and liver disorders. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is named among Nigerian plants that are under investigation for its medicinal activities. The present study investigates the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective potentials of C. sativus-supplemented diet in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve male and twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study and were grouped into four equal rats – Group A: control male (CM) fed with normal rat chow, Group B: control female (CF) fed with normal rat chow, Group C: cucumber-supplemented male (CSM) fed with cucumber-supplemented diet, and Group D: cucumber-supplemented female (CSF) fed with cucumber-supplemented diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight change, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hepatic lipase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were determined. Hepatic and myocytic glycogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were also assessed. Results: The result displayed a nonsignificant decrease (P > 0.05) in weight change in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. TG and LDL downregulated significantly (P > 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF while HDL significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SOD and CAT activities in CSM and CSF with a concomitant reduction in GSH activity and MDA level compared with CM and CF. ALP, AST, and ALT levels downregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. Despite a significant increase (P < 0.05) in skeletal glycogen, hepatic glycogen downregulated in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. Conclusion: It is evidenced that C. sativus-supplemented diet possessed hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, though the effects were more marked in female rats compared with their male counterparts.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"82 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84367372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_3_21
J. Obadipe, T. Samuel, A. Akinlalu, Ayobami Ajisafe, E. Olajide, Latifatu Albdulmumin
Introduction: Preservation of ovarian function and fertility has become one of the major qualities of life issues for patients of reproductive age undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, monitoring ovarian reserve in the course of chemotherapy is of utmost importance for prediction of patients' reproductive life span. Aim: The study investigated the ovarian toxicity of chemotherapy in female cancer patients in selected Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty participants comprised hundred radiotherapy-naive female cancer patients aged 18–72 years across all stages and sixty age-matched healthy volunteers (control) randomly selected from three medical centers in South West Nigeria. Patients' demographics and cycle of chemotherapy were obtained using questionnaire. Three milliliters of blood was collected intravenously from the participants before chemotherapy and a week after chemotherapy. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B hormone levels in the serum samples were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tukey's honestly significant difference one-way analysis of variance was employed to test for the significant difference, with the level of significance considered at P < 0.05. Results: The findings of the study revealed a significant decrease (P = 0.000) in AMH and inhibin B levels of the participants before and after receiving chemotherapy as compared to that of control. In the same way, there was a significant decrease in postchemotherapy AMH (P = 0.001) and inhibin B levels (P = 0.004) as compared to that of prechemotherapy. Conclusion: Decreased postchemotherapy ovarian reserve in cancer patients confirmed chemotherapy-induced ovarian toxicity.
{"title":"Chemotherapy-induced ovarian toxicity in female cancer patients from selected Nigerian Tertiary Health Care","authors":"J. Obadipe, T. Samuel, A. Akinlalu, Ayobami Ajisafe, E. Olajide, Latifatu Albdulmumin","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Preservation of ovarian function and fertility has become one of the major qualities of life issues for patients of reproductive age undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, monitoring ovarian reserve in the course of chemotherapy is of utmost importance for prediction of patients' reproductive life span. Aim: The study investigated the ovarian toxicity of chemotherapy in female cancer patients in selected Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty participants comprised hundred radiotherapy-naive female cancer patients aged 18–72 years across all stages and sixty age-matched healthy volunteers (control) randomly selected from three medical centers in South West Nigeria. Patients' demographics and cycle of chemotherapy were obtained using questionnaire. Three milliliters of blood was collected intravenously from the participants before chemotherapy and a week after chemotherapy. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B hormone levels in the serum samples were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tukey's honestly significant difference one-way analysis of variance was employed to test for the significant difference, with the level of significance considered at P < 0.05. Results: The findings of the study revealed a significant decrease (P = 0.000) in AMH and inhibin B levels of the participants before and after receiving chemotherapy as compared to that of control. In the same way, there was a significant decrease in postchemotherapy AMH (P = 0.001) and inhibin B levels (P = 0.004) as compared to that of prechemotherapy. Conclusion: Decreased postchemotherapy ovarian reserve in cancer patients confirmed chemotherapy-induced ovarian toxicity.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"89 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85063853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_38_20
Uche Akataobi, Bassy Unanaowo, Ogbodum Michael, Wilson Arong
Background: It has been reported that at high concentration monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration induces neurological toxicity caused by increased concentration of glutamate that promotes the production of free radicals and apoptosis. The blood–brain barrier is used by the brain to protect itself against the effect of glutamate and other neurotoxins but its level of protection varies with age. Aim and Objective: In this present study, we examined brain responses to combined intraperitoneal and oral administration of MSG at different doses in Wistar rats. Material and Method: 4 mg/g MSG was administered intraperitoneally to neonates in postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10–2 groups and one of the groups was further administered 10 mg/g MSG orally as adult, while the last group received 10 mg/g MSG as adults only for 21 days. At the end of the 21 days, brain tissue was collected and used to determine MSG effect. Results: In the brain tissue, MSG administration caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate synthase, catalase, and glutathione peroxydase activities in a concentration dependent manner higher in group that received MSG both in neonate and adult. Superoxide dismutase also showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the treated groups but higher in group administered as neonates only. Conclusion: The result showed that MSG administration increased the level of neurotransmitters in both neonate and adult groups similarly and in response the brain increase the activity of the respective catabolic enzyme to protect itself against its effect
{"title":"Brain response to intraperitoneal and oral administration of monosodium glutamate in wistar rats","authors":"Uche Akataobi, Bassy Unanaowo, Ogbodum Michael, Wilson Arong","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_38_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_38_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been reported that at high concentration monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration induces neurological toxicity caused by increased concentration of glutamate that promotes the production of free radicals and apoptosis. The blood–brain barrier is used by the brain to protect itself against the effect of glutamate and other neurotoxins but its level of protection varies with age. Aim and Objective: In this present study, we examined brain responses to combined intraperitoneal and oral administration of MSG at different doses in Wistar rats. Material and Method: 4 mg/g MSG was administered intraperitoneally to neonates in postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10–2 groups and one of the groups was further administered 10 mg/g MSG orally as adult, while the last group received 10 mg/g MSG as adults only for 21 days. At the end of the 21 days, brain tissue was collected and used to determine MSG effect. Results: In the brain tissue, MSG administration caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate synthase, catalase, and glutathione peroxydase activities in a concentration dependent manner higher in group that received MSG both in neonate and adult. Superoxide dismutase also showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the treated groups but higher in group administered as neonates only. Conclusion: The result showed that MSG administration increased the level of neurotransmitters in both neonate and adult groups similarly and in response the brain increase the activity of the respective catabolic enzyme to protect itself against its effect","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"61 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88468205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_21
G. Devika, A. Savitha, A. Pradeep, Alwina Shirley, Bitika Laishram, R. Kondody
Context: Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is secreted predominantly in the stomach having effects on immunomodulation and bone metabolism. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is synthesized by the osteoblasts and is presumed to be involved in the calcification of the bone matrix. Objective: The objective of the study is to compare and correlate the salivary ghrelin and serum ALP levels in health and chronic periodontal disease before and after 2 months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Materials and Methods: A total of 50 systemically healthy subjects were included in the study and divided into healthy, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis groups. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded along with the collection of saliva and serum samples at baseline and also after 2 months of NSPT and subjected to ELISA and colorimetric test. Statistical Analysis: Student independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and analysis of variance with post-hoc Games Howell test were used for analysis. Results: Results demonstrated that salivary ghrelin and serum ALP were detected in all the groups. There was a statistically significant increase in salivary ghrelin and a reduction in serum ALP levels as wells as the clinical parameters following NSPT in both the treated groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that salivary ghrelin and serum ALP levels may represent as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal disease and also have the potential for therapeutic assessment of responses to NSPT.
{"title":"Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the salivary ghrelin and serum alkaline phosphatase levels in health and chronic periodontal diseases: A clinico-biochemical study","authors":"G. Devika, A. Savitha, A. Pradeep, Alwina Shirley, Bitika Laishram, R. Kondody","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is secreted predominantly in the stomach having effects on immunomodulation and bone metabolism. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is synthesized by the osteoblasts and is presumed to be involved in the calcification of the bone matrix. Objective: The objective of the study is to compare and correlate the salivary ghrelin and serum ALP levels in health and chronic periodontal disease before and after 2 months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Materials and Methods: A total of 50 systemically healthy subjects were included in the study and divided into healthy, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis groups. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded along with the collection of saliva and serum samples at baseline and also after 2 months of NSPT and subjected to ELISA and colorimetric test. Statistical Analysis: Student independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and analysis of variance with post-hoc Games Howell test were used for analysis. Results: Results demonstrated that salivary ghrelin and serum ALP were detected in all the groups. There was a statistically significant increase in salivary ghrelin and a reduction in serum ALP levels as wells as the clinical parameters following NSPT in both the treated groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that salivary ghrelin and serum ALP levels may represent as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal disease and also have the potential for therapeutic assessment of responses to NSPT.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"103 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90598143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_10_21
E. Onyia, A. Onyia, U. Udensi
Background: Malnutrition is a serious problem among children in developing countries and undernutrition negatively affects child development and academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in six primary schools in Dangriga, Stann Creek Region of Belize, involving children (5–12 years) to assess malnutrition prevalence and determine if there is a relationship between nutritional status and academic performance. About 353 students were surveyed at a confidence level of 95%, with a 5% margin of error. Mathematics and English scores were recorded and compared between the groups. Results: A positive relationship was found between weight for age Z-scores and English and Mathematics; Height for age Z-scores with English. Conclusion: This study did not establish a conclusive positive relationship between several indicators of students' nutritional status and academic performance in English and Mathematics.
{"title":"Assessment of the effect of nutrition on academic performance in primary school students in Dangriga Belize","authors":"E. Onyia, A. Onyia, U. Udensi","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is a serious problem among children in developing countries and undernutrition negatively affects child development and academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in six primary schools in Dangriga, Stann Creek Region of Belize, involving children (5–12 years) to assess malnutrition prevalence and determine if there is a relationship between nutritional status and academic performance. About 353 students were surveyed at a confidence level of 95%, with a 5% margin of error. Mathematics and English scores were recorded and compared between the groups. Results: A positive relationship was found between weight for age Z-scores and English and Mathematics; Height for age Z-scores with English. Conclusion: This study did not establish a conclusive positive relationship between several indicators of students' nutritional status and academic performance in English and Mathematics.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"122 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89335544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_6_21
E. Onovughakpo-Sakpa, C. Onyeneke, E. Ayinbuomwan, K. Atoe
Context: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder, although the cause is unknown, yet oxidative stress is a prominent feature; therefore, assessment of oxidative stress indices in preeclamptics would no doubt improve their clinical outcome. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) status in preeclampsia. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and ninety-six (196) respondents consisting of 124 preeclampsia (PE), 36 normotensive pregnant women (NPW), and 36 analbuminuric hypertensive pregnant women (AHPW) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected for estimation of plasma uric acid, serum MDA, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSSH) and catalase (CAT) activities, Vitamin C (Vit C), and Vitamin E (Vit E) using standard methods. Statistical Analysis Used: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 with level of significance set at P < 0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Plasma uric acid level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in PE than in AHPW and NPW. MDA levels, SOD, CAT, and GPX activities showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in PE and AHPW when compared to NPW, while GSSH, NO, Vit C, and Vit E levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in NPW than in PE and AHPW. Most oxidative stress indicators were higher in PE and AHPW than in NPW in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, while Vit C and E were lower. Plasma uric acid, MDA and NO levels, SOD, and GPX activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in severe than in mild PE. Conclusion: from our findings, it can be safely suggested that oxidative stress is related to the severity of preeclampsia.
{"title":"Antioxidant and malondialdehyde status in preeclampsia","authors":"E. Onovughakpo-Sakpa, C. Onyeneke, E. Ayinbuomwan, K. Atoe","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder, although the cause is unknown, yet oxidative stress is a prominent feature; therefore, assessment of oxidative stress indices in preeclamptics would no doubt improve their clinical outcome. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) status in preeclampsia. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and ninety-six (196) respondents consisting of 124 preeclampsia (PE), 36 normotensive pregnant women (NPW), and 36 analbuminuric hypertensive pregnant women (AHPW) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected for estimation of plasma uric acid, serum MDA, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSSH) and catalase (CAT) activities, Vitamin C (Vit C), and Vitamin E (Vit E) using standard methods. Statistical Analysis Used: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 with level of significance set at P < 0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Plasma uric acid level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in PE than in AHPW and NPW. MDA levels, SOD, CAT, and GPX activities showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in PE and AHPW when compared to NPW, while GSSH, NO, Vit C, and Vit E levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in NPW than in PE and AHPW. Most oxidative stress indicators were higher in PE and AHPW than in NPW in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, while Vit C and E were lower. Plasma uric acid, MDA and NO levels, SOD, and GPX activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in severe than in mild PE. Conclusion: from our findings, it can be safely suggested that oxidative stress is related to the severity of preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"110 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89637081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_39_20
M. Abubakar, Y. Uthman, K. Ibrahim
Background: Obesity and overweight are among the major problems faced by the health sector with their prevalence increasing at an alarming rate and health-care professionals play a major role in mitigating these conditions. We, therefore, sought to identify and discuss available epidemiological data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among health workers in Ghana. Methods: We retrieve articles available in PubMed/Medline, African Journal Online, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords combination used to search the databases were (((overweight) AND (obesity)) AND (healthcare workers)) AND (Ghana) and (((overweight) OR (obesity)) AND (healthcare workers)) AND (Ghana) and (((overweight) AND (obesity)) AND (health workers)) AND (Ghana) without the restriction of date or type of articles. Four studies were eligible and were used to systematically review the prevalence of overweight and obesity among health-care workers in Ghana. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among health-care workers in Ghana ranged from 25.3% to 38.39% and 12.5% to 28.9%. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among health workers in Ghana. Thus, it is imperative to create more awareness of the imminent dangers posed by these conditions and promote a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise regimens and dietary choices.
{"title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among health-care workers in Ghana: A systematic review","authors":"M. Abubakar, Y. Uthman, K. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_39_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_39_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity and overweight are among the major problems faced by the health sector with their prevalence increasing at an alarming rate and health-care professionals play a major role in mitigating these conditions. We, therefore, sought to identify and discuss available epidemiological data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among health workers in Ghana. Methods: We retrieve articles available in PubMed/Medline, African Journal Online, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords combination used to search the databases were (((overweight) AND (obesity)) AND (healthcare workers)) AND (Ghana) and (((overweight) OR (obesity)) AND (healthcare workers)) AND (Ghana) and (((overweight) AND (obesity)) AND (health workers)) AND (Ghana) without the restriction of date or type of articles. Four studies were eligible and were used to systematically review the prevalence of overweight and obesity among health-care workers in Ghana. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among health-care workers in Ghana ranged from 25.3% to 38.39% and 12.5% to 28.9%. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among health workers in Ghana. Thus, it is imperative to create more awareness of the imminent dangers posed by these conditions and promote a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise regimens and dietary choices.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"47 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_33_20
O. Olowe, G. Sokunbi, U. Okafor, A. Amusa
Background: Abdominal bracing is one of the most effective techniques for core muscle training, which if combined with treadmill walk (TW) could provide trunk muscle endurance Trunk muscle endurance, despite being observed as an important factor and a huge component of core spinal stability, especially in holding up the spine during prolonged functional activity, prevention and rehabilitation of lumbar mechanical problems and performance enhancer in sports, the impacts of combining core muscle activation with TW exercises on trunk muscle endurance has not be succinctly investigated. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combining abdominal bracing with TW on trunk muscles endurance. Materials and Methods: Eighteen apparently healthy young adults were randomized into three groups (TW without abdominal bracing, TW combined with abdominal bracing and control). McGill endurance test measures were carried out at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. All participants followed the assigned intervention protocols. Results: One way analysis of variance did not show a significant between-group difference in the postintervention endurance of trunk muscle among the three groups (P > 0.05). In the TW combined with the abdominal bracing group, paired-t test showed significant within-group difference in the form of an increase in the holding times (endurance) for the right lateral flexors (t = −3.758, P = 0.013), left lateral flexors (t = −4.096, P = 0.005), and extensors (t = −2.441, P = 0.050). Conclusion: Combining abdominal bracing with TW can be used to improve trunk muscle function through facilitation of trunk muscle endurance.
{"title":"Effects of combining core muscle activation with treadmill walk on endurance of trunk muscles: A pilot study","authors":"O. Olowe, G. Sokunbi, U. Okafor, A. Amusa","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_33_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_33_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abdominal bracing is one of the most effective techniques for core muscle training, which if combined with treadmill walk (TW) could provide trunk muscle endurance Trunk muscle endurance, despite being observed as an important factor and a huge component of core spinal stability, especially in holding up the spine during prolonged functional activity, prevention and rehabilitation of lumbar mechanical problems and performance enhancer in sports, the impacts of combining core muscle activation with TW exercises on trunk muscle endurance has not be succinctly investigated. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combining abdominal bracing with TW on trunk muscles endurance. Materials and Methods: Eighteen apparently healthy young adults were randomized into three groups (TW without abdominal bracing, TW combined with abdominal bracing and control). McGill endurance test measures were carried out at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. All participants followed the assigned intervention protocols. Results: One way analysis of variance did not show a significant between-group difference in the postintervention endurance of trunk muscle among the three groups (P > 0.05). In the TW combined with the abdominal bracing group, paired-t test showed significant within-group difference in the form of an increase in the holding times (endurance) for the right lateral flexors (t = −3.758, P = 0.013), left lateral flexors (t = −4.096, P = 0.005), and extensors (t = −2.441, P = 0.050). Conclusion: Combining abdominal bracing with TW can be used to improve trunk muscle function through facilitation of trunk muscle endurance.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"37 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83671526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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