Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_15_22
M. Babalola, M. Ashiru, I. Boyenle, Emmanuel Atanda, A. Oyedele, Igbayilola Dimeji, O. Awodele, N. Imaga
Background: One of the treatment goals for type II diabetes is to keep blood sugar to normal and inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes represents a therapeutic strategy to achieve this aim. While medicinal plants possess a useful resource for therapeutics, combining plants of different species is believed to have a better pharmacological effect. Aim and Objectives: This study reported the antidiabetic potential, in-vitro and in-silico, of a polyherbal mixture which is a combined ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina, Allium sativum, and Ocimum gratissimum (which are plants native to tropical Africa). Materials and Methods: The study identified and quantified the phytochemicals present in the extract, its antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials were investigated. Also, the bioactive compounds present in the mixture were profiled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The resulting compounds were screened for their binding potential into the active site of alpha-glucosidase using consensus scoring molecular docking strategy. Results: The polyherbal mixture was abundant in phenols flavonoids and sterols. Apart from scavenging DPPH radicals, the extract also inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase with better IC50 values of 106.22μg/ml and 128.60μg/ml respectively than the reference drug, acarbose. Out of the bioactive compounds present in the mixture, stigmasterol, gamma-sitosterol, and tocopherol ranked top and are good binders of alpha-glucosidase. It was observed that these compounds possessed better ADMET and drug-like properties than standard acarbose. Conclusion: These features are indicative that the polyherbal mixture of Vernonia amygdalina, Allium sativum, and Ocimum gratissimum contain in part bioactive compounds that can be used for the management/treatment of type II diabetes.
{"title":"In vitro analysis and molecular docking of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy fingerprints of polyherbal mixture reveals significant antidiabetic miture","authors":"M. Babalola, M. Ashiru, I. Boyenle, Emmanuel Atanda, A. Oyedele, Igbayilola Dimeji, O. Awodele, N. Imaga","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the treatment goals for type II diabetes is to keep blood sugar to normal and inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes represents a therapeutic strategy to achieve this aim. While medicinal plants possess a useful resource for therapeutics, combining plants of different species is believed to have a better pharmacological effect. Aim and Objectives: This study reported the antidiabetic potential, in-vitro and in-silico, of a polyherbal mixture which is a combined ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina, Allium sativum, and Ocimum gratissimum (which are plants native to tropical Africa). Materials and Methods: The study identified and quantified the phytochemicals present in the extract, its antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials were investigated. Also, the bioactive compounds present in the mixture were profiled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The resulting compounds were screened for their binding potential into the active site of alpha-glucosidase using consensus scoring molecular docking strategy. Results: The polyherbal mixture was abundant in phenols flavonoids and sterols. Apart from scavenging DPPH radicals, the extract also inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase with better IC50 values of 106.22μg/ml and 128.60μg/ml respectively than the reference drug, acarbose. Out of the bioactive compounds present in the mixture, stigmasterol, gamma-sitosterol, and tocopherol ranked top and are good binders of alpha-glucosidase. It was observed that these compounds possessed better ADMET and drug-like properties than standard acarbose. Conclusion: These features are indicative that the polyherbal mixture of Vernonia amygdalina, Allium sativum, and Ocimum gratissimum contain in part bioactive compounds that can be used for the management/treatment of type II diabetes.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"105 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78788504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_20_22
A. Ugwu, E. Owie, J. Olamijulo, Ugochi Okorafor, Chinenye Odo, A. Okoro
We present two cases of inclusion cysts of the clitoris following female genital mutilation (FGM) in a 5 and 35 years old, respectively. According to the World Health Organization, FGM is a violation of the rights of women and girl child. It is even more worrisome as evidence exists suggesting more involvement of health-care personnels in this act. The recent belief in some cultures that there may be decreased risk of complications following medicalization of the procedure may be untrue. The patients had an uneventful postoperative period and were discharged home afterward.
{"title":"Epidermal inclusion cysts of the clitoris following female genital mutilation: Case series and review of literature","authors":"A. Ugwu, E. Owie, J. Olamijulo, Ugochi Okorafor, Chinenye Odo, A. Okoro","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_20_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_20_22","url":null,"abstract":"We present two cases of inclusion cysts of the clitoris following female genital mutilation (FGM) in a 5 and 35 years old, respectively. According to the World Health Organization, FGM is a violation of the rights of women and girl child. It is even more worrisome as evidence exists suggesting more involvement of health-care personnels in this act. The recent belief in some cultures that there may be decreased risk of complications following medicalization of the procedure may be untrue. The patients had an uneventful postoperative period and were discharged home afterward.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"89 1","pages":"131 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88842510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_22
Abdulkareem Olayinka, A. Bakare, A. Oremosu
Background: The enhancement of male reproductive health function remains a paramount desire of every infertile men. Green coconut water (GCW) is the liquid in the inner cavity of an immature coconut fruit. Studies have demonstrated that GCW has endocrine property that regulates the reproductive system. Aim and Objectives: This study was designed to investigates the effects of GCW on the cardinal sperm function parameters such as; sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology, and the histo-architecture of the testis in flutamide-treated pre-pubertal wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male prepubertal wistar rats, weighing between 40-70g were divided into six study groups A-F. Group A, B and C received distilled water, flutamide at 25mg/kg and GCW at 20ml/kg respectively for 6 weeks. Group D and E received 25mg/kg flutamide for 2 weeks then GCW at 10ml/kg and 20ml/kg respectively 4 weeks, while Group F received 25mg/kg flutamide and GCW at 20ml/kg concomitantly for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized; caudal epididymis and the testis were collected for semen analysis and histological evaluation. Results: GCW supplementation was showed to significantly increased sperm count, sperm motility and also brings about percentage decrease in sperm morphology, as well as ameliorates histo-pathological degenerations caused by flutamide on the testis of the experimental rats. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that GCW supplementation may effectively enhance male fertility.
{"title":"Green Coconut Water Supplementation Attenuates Flutamide-induced Testicular Damage in Male Prepubertal Wistar Rats","authors":"Abdulkareem Olayinka, A. Bakare, A. Oremosu","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The enhancement of male reproductive health function remains a paramount desire of every infertile men. Green coconut water (GCW) is the liquid in the inner cavity of an immature coconut fruit. Studies have demonstrated that GCW has endocrine property that regulates the reproductive system. Aim and Objectives: This study was designed to investigates the effects of GCW on the cardinal sperm function parameters such as; sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology, and the histo-architecture of the testis in flutamide-treated pre-pubertal wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male prepubertal wistar rats, weighing between 40-70g were divided into six study groups A-F. Group A, B and C received distilled water, flutamide at 25mg/kg and GCW at 20ml/kg respectively for 6 weeks. Group D and E received 25mg/kg flutamide for 2 weeks then GCW at 10ml/kg and 20ml/kg respectively 4 weeks, while Group F received 25mg/kg flutamide and GCW at 20ml/kg concomitantly for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized; caudal epididymis and the testis were collected for semen analysis and histological evaluation. Results: GCW supplementation was showed to significantly increased sperm count, sperm motility and also brings about percentage decrease in sperm morphology, as well as ameliorates histo-pathological degenerations caused by flutamide on the testis of the experimental rats. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that GCW supplementation may effectively enhance male fertility.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"124 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87370671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_21_22
I. Mukhtar, Abdulkarim Abdullahi
Background: Studies have linked ABO phenotypes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, data on the relationship between ABO phenotypes and CDV risk factors among healthy adults are lacking. Aim: To determine the relationship between ABO phenotypes and CVD risk factors among undergraduate students in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited 150 participants. ABO phenotypes were determined using monoclonal antisera. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterolwere determined enzymatically, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were by standard protocols. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0; P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the participants was 23.12 ± 2.97 (17–31) years. The frequency of ABO phenotypes among the participants was: O (39.3%), B (26.0%), A (23.3%), and AB (11.3%). Non-O phenotypes had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (P = 0.050), higher TC (P = 0.023), TG (P = 0.003), and LDL-c (P = 0.050) compared to O phenotypes. Of the non-O phenotypes, A had significantly higher TC compared to B (P = 0.004) and O (P = 0.001); higher TG compared to O (P = 0.001); higher LDL-c compared to B (P = 0.001), AB (P = 0.042), and O (P = 0.006); heavier compared to B (P = 0.012) and O (P = 0.033); and higher hip circumference compared to B (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Non-O phenotypes, especially A phenotypes, had significantly higher mean serum lipids compared to O. ABO phenotypes should be considered in CVD risk stratification.
{"title":"Relationship between ABO blood group phenotypes and some cardiovascular risk factors among undergraduate students in Kano Nigeria","authors":"I. Mukhtar, Abdulkarim Abdullahi","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies have linked ABO phenotypes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, data on the relationship between ABO phenotypes and CDV risk factors among healthy adults are lacking. Aim: To determine the relationship between ABO phenotypes and CVD risk factors among undergraduate students in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited 150 participants. ABO phenotypes were determined using monoclonal antisera. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterolwere determined enzymatically, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were by standard protocols. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0; P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the participants was 23.12 ± 2.97 (17–31) years. The frequency of ABO phenotypes among the participants was: O (39.3%), B (26.0%), A (23.3%), and AB (11.3%). Non-O phenotypes had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (P = 0.050), higher TC (P = 0.023), TG (P = 0.003), and LDL-c (P = 0.050) compared to O phenotypes. Of the non-O phenotypes, A had significantly higher TC compared to B (P = 0.004) and O (P = 0.001); higher TG compared to O (P = 0.001); higher LDL-c compared to B (P = 0.001), AB (P = 0.042), and O (P = 0.006); heavier compared to B (P = 0.012) and O (P = 0.033); and higher hip circumference compared to B (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Non-O phenotypes, especially A phenotypes, had significantly higher mean serum lipids compared to O. ABO phenotypes should be considered in CVD risk stratification.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"116 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81683643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_13_22
G. Adebayo-Gege, David Adetomiwa, T. Omayone, Oloruntoba C. Akintayo, Queen E B Ozegbe, Igbayilola Dimeji, O. Ojo
Background: Ulcer reoccurrence and delay of healing caused by certain factors is now a major problem with the treatment of peptic ulcer. This study sought to unravel the role of Triticum aestivum in delayed ulcer healing in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty five (25) Experimental animals (male Wistar rats) weighing 120g – 150g were randomly divided into five groups (N = 5) viz; I (Control), II (20% acetic acid ulceration + 2 mg/kg of indomethacin), III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of T. aestivum + 20% acetic acid ulceration + 2 mg/kg of indomethacin. Ulcer was induced by serosa application of 20% acetic acid and was delayed by subcutaneous administration of 2 mg/kg of indomethacin for 14 days. Results: Findings from this study showed that the relative body weight changes decreased substantially in delayed untreated group juxtaposed to control which was improved in T. aestivum extract (TAE) groups. Total gastric acidity, ulcer area, and relative stomach weight were substantially (P < 0.05) increased in delayed ulcer group juxtaposed to control group. These changes were substantially reversed in TAE-treated groups. A substantial decrease was observed in the catalase level and expression of nitric oxide accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde was noted in delayed ulcer group juxtaposed to control which were ameliorated in all TAE treated groups. Histological and macroscopic evaluations revealed that there was a substantial decrease in inflammation and erosion of the gastric mucosa in groups treated with T. aestivum juxtaposed to delayed ulcer group. Conclusion: It can thus be said that aqueous extract of T. aestivum attenuates delayed gastric ulcer healing due to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest concentration (200 mg/kg) in this proved to be the most beneficial.
{"title":"Anti-ulcer potentials of aqueous extract of Triticum aestivum on delayed healing of experimentally induced/gastric ulcer","authors":"G. Adebayo-Gege, David Adetomiwa, T. Omayone, Oloruntoba C. Akintayo, Queen E B Ozegbe, Igbayilola Dimeji, O. Ojo","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ulcer reoccurrence and delay of healing caused by certain factors is now a major problem with the treatment of peptic ulcer. This study sought to unravel the role of Triticum aestivum in delayed ulcer healing in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty five (25) Experimental animals (male Wistar rats) weighing 120g – 150g were randomly divided into five groups (N = 5) viz; I (Control), II (20% acetic acid ulceration + 2 mg/kg of indomethacin), III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of T. aestivum + 20% acetic acid ulceration + 2 mg/kg of indomethacin. Ulcer was induced by serosa application of 20% acetic acid and was delayed by subcutaneous administration of 2 mg/kg of indomethacin for 14 days. Results: Findings from this study showed that the relative body weight changes decreased substantially in delayed untreated group juxtaposed to control which was improved in T. aestivum extract (TAE) groups. Total gastric acidity, ulcer area, and relative stomach weight were substantially (P < 0.05) increased in delayed ulcer group juxtaposed to control group. These changes were substantially reversed in TAE-treated groups. A substantial decrease was observed in the catalase level and expression of nitric oxide accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde was noted in delayed ulcer group juxtaposed to control which were ameliorated in all TAE treated groups. Histological and macroscopic evaluations revealed that there was a substantial decrease in inflammation and erosion of the gastric mucosa in groups treated with T. aestivum juxtaposed to delayed ulcer group. Conclusion: It can thus be said that aqueous extract of T. aestivum attenuates delayed gastric ulcer healing due to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest concentration (200 mg/kg) in this proved to be the most beneficial.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"90 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91192623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_11_22
T. Danboyi, A. Jimoh, E. Hassan-Danboyi, A. Alhassan, A. Dubo
Background: Dexamethasone is not only a potent glucocorticoid with several health benefits but is also associated with severe side effects, one of which is hepatotoxicity. L-Citrulline is known to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidyslipidemic effects, among others, of which hepatoprotection has not been extensively explored. We aimed to assess the effect of L-Citrulline on dexamethasone-induced derangement in liver enzymes and serum proteins in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were randomly assigned into five groups of five rats each. While Group I received no intervention, dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) was administered to the other groups for 7 days. Groups III, IV, and V were pretreated with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg L-Citrulline daily for 21 days, respectively. Biochemical assessment was made after humanely sacrificing the animals. Values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant compared to the dexamethasone group. Results: L-Citrulline significantly lowered the levels of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), gamma–glutamyltransferase, and serum total and conjugated bilirubin in a dose-dependent manner. The greatest reduction in alkaline phosphatase level by L-Citrulline was recorded at 200 mg/kg (13.96 ± 0.73 IU/L). Similarly, the total protein level was significantly increased by L-Citrulline 800 mg/kg (9.38 ± 0.39 g/dL), but the greatest increase in albumin level was at 400 mg/kg (4.20 ± 0.21 g/dL). In a dose-dependent manner, the AST: ALT ratios were markedly reduced while the albumin: globulin ratios were greatly increased following L-Citrulline supplementation. Conclusion: L-Citrulline supplementation confers hepatoprotective effect against dexamethasone-induced derangements in liver enzymes and serum proteins in Wistar rats.
{"title":"Dexamethasone-induced derangement in some liver function parameters: Hepatoprotective effect of L-Citrulline","authors":"T. Danboyi, A. Jimoh, E. Hassan-Danboyi, A. Alhassan, A. Dubo","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dexamethasone is not only a potent glucocorticoid with several health benefits but is also associated with severe side effects, one of which is hepatotoxicity. L-Citrulline is known to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidyslipidemic effects, among others, of which hepatoprotection has not been extensively explored. We aimed to assess the effect of L-Citrulline on dexamethasone-induced derangement in liver enzymes and serum proteins in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were randomly assigned into five groups of five rats each. While Group I received no intervention, dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) was administered to the other groups for 7 days. Groups III, IV, and V were pretreated with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg L-Citrulline daily for 21 days, respectively. Biochemical assessment was made after humanely sacrificing the animals. Values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant compared to the dexamethasone group. Results: L-Citrulline significantly lowered the levels of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), gamma–glutamyltransferase, and serum total and conjugated bilirubin in a dose-dependent manner. The greatest reduction in alkaline phosphatase level by L-Citrulline was recorded at 200 mg/kg (13.96 ± 0.73 IU/L). Similarly, the total protein level was significantly increased by L-Citrulline 800 mg/kg (9.38 ± 0.39 g/dL), but the greatest increase in albumin level was at 400 mg/kg (4.20 ± 0.21 g/dL). In a dose-dependent manner, the AST: ALT ratios were markedly reduced while the albumin: globulin ratios were greatly increased following L-Citrulline supplementation. Conclusion: L-Citrulline supplementation confers hepatoprotective effect against dexamethasone-induced derangements in liver enzymes and serum proteins in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"74 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85188817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_10_22
Akpotu E. Ajirioghene, C. Ani, Doris Ajebor, Alabarima Elavieniso, K. Okolo
Background: Hyperglycemia when sustained leads to diabetes which has become a chronic disorder having morbidity and mortality rate. This study investigated the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Dryoptersis dilatata (MEDd) on kidney injury caused on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg); Group 2 received STZ (60 mg/kg) only, Groups 3 and 4 received STZ followed by 400 and 800 mg/kg of MEDd, respectively, while Group 5 received STZ + Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). After 2 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood, spleen, liver, pancreas, and kidney were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that MEDd extract caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde nitric oxide, and glutathione superoxide were ameliorated in organs such as the kidney and pancreas in diabetic rats after treatment with MEDd. Kidney markers (urea and creatinine) were ameliorated as well as reduction in organ weights in diabetic rats following treatment with MEDd. Conclusion: Therefore, it was observed from our study that MEDd has antidiabetic and nephron-protective capacity as it ameliorates in vivo adopted in lieu of nephropancreatic caused by STZ-induced diabetes.
{"title":"Methanolic leaf extract of Dryopteris dilatata reverses kidney injury on streptozotocin-induced diabetic male wistar rats","authors":"Akpotu E. Ajirioghene, C. Ani, Doris Ajebor, Alabarima Elavieniso, K. Okolo","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperglycemia when sustained leads to diabetes which has become a chronic disorder having morbidity and mortality rate. This study investigated the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Dryoptersis dilatata (MEDd) on kidney injury caused on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg); Group 2 received STZ (60 mg/kg) only, Groups 3 and 4 received STZ followed by 400 and 800 mg/kg of MEDd, respectively, while Group 5 received STZ + Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). After 2 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood, spleen, liver, pancreas, and kidney were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that MEDd extract caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde nitric oxide, and glutathione superoxide were ameliorated in organs such as the kidney and pancreas in diabetic rats after treatment with MEDd. Kidney markers (urea and creatinine) were ameliorated as well as reduction in organ weights in diabetic rats following treatment with MEDd. Conclusion: Therefore, it was observed from our study that MEDd has antidiabetic and nephron-protective capacity as it ameliorates in vivo adopted in lieu of nephropancreatic caused by STZ-induced diabetes.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"65 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74847011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_14_22
Oladayo M. Babalola, Adetunji A. Alli, M. Ashiru
Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of red blood cells' most common inherited enzyme disorders. It is currently believed to affect approximately 500 million individuals worldwide. The deficiency could result in several hematological conditions, including acute hemolytic anemia, neonatal jaundice, and kernicterus. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the five administrative divisions of Lagos State. The association between malaria and G6PD deficiency was also investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 participants, comprising 63 (60%) males and 42 (40%) females, were recruited from five locations for this study. Two milliliters of venous blood were collected and divided into three portions for G6PD enzyme assay, hematological parameter, and malaria diagnosis. G6PD enzyme level was determined using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay, whereas the malaria parasite was examined using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kits. Results: An overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 21%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males (22.2%) and females (19%), whereas a marginally higher G6PD activity in males (10.15 ± 0.50 vs. 8.61 ± 0.31 U/g Hb) (P < 0.05) was recorded. Although there were slight differences in prevalence obtained in the five sampling locations, however, the one-way analysis of variance of the G6PD activity levels showed no significant difference between any pairs (P = 0.05). Furthermore, the results obtained from this study showed no association between malaria and G6PD deficiency (χ2 = 1.432, P = 0.231). Conclusions: The study found a relatively high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the Nigerian subpopulation, indicating that G6PD deficiency is common in this environment. This emphasizes the need for a quantitative G6PD assay as part of laboratory investigations for those presenting with an episode of acute hemolytic anemia in this geographical region of the country.
{"title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and its association with malaria in the administrative divisions of Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Oladayo M. Babalola, Adetunji A. Alli, M. Ashiru","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_14_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_14_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of red blood cells' most common inherited enzyme disorders. It is currently believed to affect approximately 500 million individuals worldwide. The deficiency could result in several hematological conditions, including acute hemolytic anemia, neonatal jaundice, and kernicterus. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the five administrative divisions of Lagos State. The association between malaria and G6PD deficiency was also investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 participants, comprising 63 (60%) males and 42 (40%) females, were recruited from five locations for this study. Two milliliters of venous blood were collected and divided into three portions for G6PD enzyme assay, hematological parameter, and malaria diagnosis. G6PD enzyme level was determined using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay, whereas the malaria parasite was examined using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kits. Results: An overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 21%. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males (22.2%) and females (19%), whereas a marginally higher G6PD activity in males (10.15 ± 0.50 vs. 8.61 ± 0.31 U/g Hb) (P < 0.05) was recorded. Although there were slight differences in prevalence obtained in the five sampling locations, however, the one-way analysis of variance of the G6PD activity levels showed no significant difference between any pairs (P = 0.05). Furthermore, the results obtained from this study showed no association between malaria and G6PD deficiency (χ2 = 1.432, P = 0.231). Conclusions: The study found a relatively high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the Nigerian subpopulation, indicating that G6PD deficiency is common in this environment. This emphasizes the need for a quantitative G6PD assay as part of laboratory investigations for those presenting with an episode of acute hemolytic anemia in this geographical region of the country.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"98 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88673474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_12_22
K. Iteire, Favour Chukwudebe, V. Ukwenya, Funmilayo Johnson, Raphael Uwejigho, Felix Enemali
Introduction: The golden ratio is a mathematical formula proposed over the years to assess facial beauty objectively. The correlation between the golden ratio and facial attractiveness has been researched in the Caucasian and Asian populations, with little literature on the African population. This study aimed to establish a baseline study on the relationship between subjective assessment of facial beauty and the golden ratio among female students of the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred female students aged 1622 years were mobilized for the study. The facial landmarks that Gary Meisner proposed and the PhiMatrix software to analyze golden facial ratios were employed. A relationship between the subjective perception of beauty and the golden ratio was established by having observers rate the photographs; based on this; the sample was grouped into esthetically pleasant, unpleasant, and acceptable. The golden facial ratios were then measured in these classified faces. Results: The result revealed that 68 females from the study sample conformed to the golden ratio. The highest percentage from the esthetically pleasant groups was significant at P < 0.05. When these ratios were isolated and tested, only four of the ratios were substantial, at P < 0.05. Conclusion: From this result, it is possible to infer a relationship between the golden ratio and facial attractiveness. However, it may not be used as an objective measure of facial beauty because many faces classified as acceptable and unattractive also exhibit golden proportions.
{"title":"Conceptualization of facial beauty among female students in a Southwestern Nigerian university using the golden ratio model","authors":"K. Iteire, Favour Chukwudebe, V. Ukwenya, Funmilayo Johnson, Raphael Uwejigho, Felix Enemali","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_12_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_12_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The golden ratio is a mathematical formula proposed over the years to assess facial beauty objectively. The correlation between the golden ratio and facial attractiveness has been researched in the Caucasian and Asian populations, with little literature on the African population. This study aimed to establish a baseline study on the relationship between subjective assessment of facial beauty and the golden ratio among female students of the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred female students aged 1622 years were mobilized for the study. The facial landmarks that Gary Meisner proposed and the PhiMatrix software to analyze golden facial ratios were employed. A relationship between the subjective perception of beauty and the golden ratio was established by having observers rate the photographs; based on this; the sample was grouped into esthetically pleasant, unpleasant, and acceptable. The golden facial ratios were then measured in these classified faces. Results: The result revealed that 68 females from the study sample conformed to the golden ratio. The highest percentage from the esthetically pleasant groups was significant at P < 0.05. When these ratios were isolated and tested, only four of the ratios were substantial, at P < 0.05. Conclusion: From this result, it is possible to infer a relationship between the golden ratio and facial attractiveness. However, it may not be used as an objective measure of facial beauty because many faces classified as acceptable and unattractive also exhibit golden proportions.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74949571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_22
EjuoghanranOriseseyigbemi Onovughakpo-Sakpa, E. Ayinbuomwan
{"title":"Cystatin-c, beta-2-microglobulin, and other determinants of renal function in preeclampsia","authors":"EjuoghanranOriseseyigbemi Onovughakpo-Sakpa, E. Ayinbuomwan","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77273168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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