Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_7_18
T. Pereira, N. Tiwari, A. Tamgadge, Sandhya Tamgadge, Subraj J Shetty, S. Gotmare
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops from potentially malignant lesions. Cells of the immune system are comprised of lymphoid series and myeloid progenitor series cells. Mast cells (MCs) and tissue eosinophils are both granulocytes which come under the myeloid progenitor series of the immune cells system. Inflammatory cells are found to play a crucial role and therefore should be studied in detail using various simple histochemical stains. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the presence and compare infiltration of MCs and eosinophils in potentially malignant disorders and OSCC using special stains. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five cases of previously diagnosed cases of OSCC, 13 cases of oral submucous fibrosis, and 12 cases of oral leukoplakia (50 cases) were retrieved from the archives. Congo red and toluidine blue staining were performed for eosinophils and MCs, respectively. Analysis was done using analysis of variance and independent t-test, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The mean number of MC and eosinophils was more in OSCC when compared to potentially malignant disorders. There was a significant correlation between eosinophils and MCs in potentially malignant disorder and OSCC. Intact MCs were more in number in potentially malignant disorder than in OSCC, and the mean number of degranulated MC was more in OSCC than in potentially malignant disorder. Conclusion: Eosinophil chemo-attractant factor released by MC invites more number of eosinophils during tumor progression. MCs and eosinophils may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment, and inhibiting their function may inhibit tumor progression. Eosinophils and MCs can be visualized using Congo red and toluidine blue stain, respectively, which is accurate and easy to perform.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of eosinophils and mast cells in potentially malignant disorder and squamous cell carcinoma using special stains","authors":"T. Pereira, N. Tiwari, A. Tamgadge, Sandhya Tamgadge, Subraj J Shetty, S. Gotmare","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_7_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_7_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops from potentially malignant lesions. Cells of the immune system are comprised of lymphoid series and myeloid progenitor series cells. Mast cells (MCs) and tissue eosinophils are both granulocytes which come under the myeloid progenitor series of the immune cells system. Inflammatory cells are found to play a crucial role and therefore should be studied in detail using various simple histochemical stains. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the presence and compare infiltration of MCs and eosinophils in potentially malignant disorders and OSCC using special stains. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five cases of previously diagnosed cases of OSCC, 13 cases of oral submucous fibrosis, and 12 cases of oral leukoplakia (50 cases) were retrieved from the archives. Congo red and toluidine blue staining were performed for eosinophils and MCs, respectively. Analysis was done using analysis of variance and independent t-test, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The mean number of MC and eosinophils was more in OSCC when compared to potentially malignant disorders. There was a significant correlation between eosinophils and MCs in potentially malignant disorder and OSCC. Intact MCs were more in number in potentially malignant disorder than in OSCC, and the mean number of degranulated MC was more in OSCC than in potentially malignant disorder. Conclusion: Eosinophil chemo-attractant factor released by MC invites more number of eosinophils during tumor progression. MCs and eosinophils may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment, and inhibiting their function may inhibit tumor progression. Eosinophils and MCs can be visualized using Congo red and toluidine blue stain, respectively, which is accurate and easy to perform.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"185 3 1","pages":"19 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81060636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_8_18
J. Egwurugwu, C. Ekweogu, P. Nwamkpa, M. Ohamaeme, Patrick Ugwuezumba, F. U. Ogunnaya
Background: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) with serum iron and phosphate levels. Materials and Methods: Five hundred adults aged 18–65 years in Orlu, Imo State, participated in the study. BMI was determined from the participants' height and body weight. Serum iron and phosphorus levels were measured after 8–12 h fast. Results: The mean serum iron level for individuals with overweight, moderate obesity, and severe obesity was 64.21 ± 4.81, 59.11 ± 3.17, and 54.73 ± 3.44, respectively, for males and 52.86 ± 4.16, 44.77 ± 4.87, and 39.62 ± 5.11, respectively, for females as compared to 72.58 ± 5.43 and 61.19 ± 3.48 for males and females with normal BMI, respectively. Further, the mean serum phosphate level for individuals with overweight, moderate obesity, and severe obesity was 2.71 ± 1.82, 2.55 ± 1.17, and 2.51 ± 1.46, respectively, for males and 2.52 ± 1.87, 2.51 ± 1.67, and 2.48 ± 2.16, respectively, for females as compared to 3.72 ± 2.41 and 3.28 ± 2.11 for males and females with normal BMI, respectively. The serum iron and phosphate levels of obese individuals were significantly lower than in their counterparts with normal BMI (P < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity for males and females was 36.33%, 35.97% and 36.93%, 33.78%, respectively. Conclusion: BMI inversely correlated with serum iron and phosphate levels. Regular assessment of nutritional status of the obese and intake of high iron and phosphate foods should be encouraged with a view to preventing iron and phosphate deficiency diseases.
{"title":"Association between serum phosphate and iron concentrations with body mass index in a population of adults in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Egwurugwu, C. Ekweogu, P. Nwamkpa, M. Ohamaeme, Patrick Ugwuezumba, F. U. Ogunnaya","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_8_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_8_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) with serum iron and phosphate levels. Materials and Methods: Five hundred adults aged 18–65 years in Orlu, Imo State, participated in the study. BMI was determined from the participants' height and body weight. Serum iron and phosphorus levels were measured after 8–12 h fast. Results: The mean serum iron level for individuals with overweight, moderate obesity, and severe obesity was 64.21 ± 4.81, 59.11 ± 3.17, and 54.73 ± 3.44, respectively, for males and 52.86 ± 4.16, 44.77 ± 4.87, and 39.62 ± 5.11, respectively, for females as compared to 72.58 ± 5.43 and 61.19 ± 3.48 for males and females with normal BMI, respectively. Further, the mean serum phosphate level for individuals with overweight, moderate obesity, and severe obesity was 2.71 ± 1.82, 2.55 ± 1.17, and 2.51 ± 1.46, respectively, for males and 2.52 ± 1.87, 2.51 ± 1.67, and 2.48 ± 2.16, respectively, for females as compared to 3.72 ± 2.41 and 3.28 ± 2.11 for males and females with normal BMI, respectively. The serum iron and phosphate levels of obese individuals were significantly lower than in their counterparts with normal BMI (P < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity for males and females was 36.33%, 35.97% and 36.93%, 33.78%, respectively. Conclusion: BMI inversely correlated with serum iron and phosphate levels. Regular assessment of nutritional status of the obese and intake of high iron and phosphate foods should be encouraged with a view to preventing iron and phosphate deficiency diseases.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"354 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80100277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_13_18
A. Obi, J. Egwurugwu, S Ojefa, M. Ohamaeme, C. Ekweogu, F. U. Ogunnaya
Background: The current global economic recession has made modern drugs expensive, not easily accessible and affordable, thereby making alternatives such as medicinal plants including Moringa oleifera imperative. Aim: This study assessed the immunomodulatory effects of the leaf extracts of M. oleifera on male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 250 g were randomly divided into eight groups of six rats each. Group I served as the positive control. Groups II, III, and IV were administered oral doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of M. oleifera leaf extracts, respectively, for 15 days. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to Groups V (negative control), VI, VII, and VIII for the first 3 days. Thereafter, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg doses of the extract were administered, respectively, for another 15 days. On days 16 and 19, blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture and analyzed for red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell (WBC) count, percentage differentials of WBCs, and liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]). Results: Results showed statistically significant dose-dependent increase in total WBC (TWBC) count and percentages of neutrophil, eosinophil, monocytes, and lymphocytes in Groups II, III, and IV compared to Group I. It also showed that the extract statistically reduced serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) in Groups II, III, and IV compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). Administration of CTX significantly reduced TWBC count and percentages of neutrophil, eosinophil, monocytes, lymphocytes, and increased serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) in Groups VI, VII, and VIII when compared to Group V (P < 0.05). The effects of CTX on blood and hepatic enzymes were reversed with administration of the extracts in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that M. oleifera leaf extracts have stimulatory effects on the production of WBCs and also have hepatoprotective potentials. Thus, it may have immune-modulatory properties.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of hydromethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on male wistar rats","authors":"A. Obi, J. Egwurugwu, S Ojefa, M. Ohamaeme, C. Ekweogu, F. U. Ogunnaya","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_13_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_13_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current global economic recession has made modern drugs expensive, not easily accessible and affordable, thereby making alternatives such as medicinal plants including Moringa oleifera imperative. Aim: This study assessed the immunomodulatory effects of the leaf extracts of M. oleifera on male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 250 g were randomly divided into eight groups of six rats each. Group I served as the positive control. Groups II, III, and IV were administered oral doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of M. oleifera leaf extracts, respectively, for 15 days. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to Groups V (negative control), VI, VII, and VIII for the first 3 days. Thereafter, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg doses of the extract were administered, respectively, for another 15 days. On days 16 and 19, blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture and analyzed for red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell (WBC) count, percentage differentials of WBCs, and liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]). Results: Results showed statistically significant dose-dependent increase in total WBC (TWBC) count and percentages of neutrophil, eosinophil, monocytes, and lymphocytes in Groups II, III, and IV compared to Group I. It also showed that the extract statistically reduced serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) in Groups II, III, and IV compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). Administration of CTX significantly reduced TWBC count and percentages of neutrophil, eosinophil, monocytes, lymphocytes, and increased serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) in Groups VI, VII, and VIII when compared to Group V (P < 0.05). The effects of CTX on blood and hepatic enzymes were reversed with administration of the extracts in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that M. oleifera leaf extracts have stimulatory effects on the production of WBCs and also have hepatoprotective potentials. Thus, it may have immune-modulatory properties.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"26 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75123869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_15_16
P. Poornima, Sinha Shagun, K. Roopa, I. Neena
A wide array of materials have been used in the past as pulpotomy medicaments including calcium hydroxide, formocresol, and mineral trioxide aggregate. However, none of these are considered ideal as each has its own disadvantages. In the recent years, Biodentine has been considered a promising material for pulpotomy of primary molars owing to its superior physical and biological properties. This article describes a series of eight case reports on clinical and radiographic evaluation of primary molars treated with Biodentine pulpotomy with a follow-up of 3, 6, and 9 months.
{"title":"Clinical and radiographic evaluation of primary molars treated with biodentine pulpotomy: A series of eight case reports","authors":"P. Poornima, Sinha Shagun, K. Roopa, I. Neena","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_15_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_15_16","url":null,"abstract":"A wide array of materials have been used in the past as pulpotomy medicaments including calcium hydroxide, formocresol, and mineral trioxide aggregate. However, none of these are considered ideal as each has its own disadvantages. In the recent years, Biodentine has been considered a promising material for pulpotomy of primary molars owing to its superior physical and biological properties. This article describes a series of eight case reports on clinical and radiographic evaluation of primary molars treated with Biodentine pulpotomy with a follow-up of 3, 6, and 9 months.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"48 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89682627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_3_18
A. Okojie, E. Okobi, E. Iyare
Malaria infection during pregnancy is associated with serious health consequences among mothers and offspring. There are over 125 million pregnant women in malaria endemic regions each year; yet, the impact of in utero malaria exposure on the neurological and cognitive development of their exposed infants is unknown. Recent evidence has shown that the complement system is involved in neurodevelopment in the normal physiological state. However, malaria infection results in the activation of the coagulation cascade and the production of thrombin, as well as increased leukocytes with bound serine proteases. Both thrombin and serine proteases are able to directly cleave C5 which leads to over activation of the complement system. The aim of this study is to identify gaps in knowledge of the implications of placental malaria on brain development and neurocognitive functions of offspring and to chart a course for gathering requisite knowledge to fill those gaps both through special studies and routine data-gathering exercises such as monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation.
{"title":"Implications of placental malaria on neurocognition","authors":"A. Okojie, E. Okobi, E. Iyare","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_3_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_3_18","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria infection during pregnancy is associated with serious health consequences among mothers and offspring. There are over 125 million pregnant women in malaria endemic regions each year; yet, the impact of in utero malaria exposure on the neurological and cognitive development of their exposed infants is unknown. Recent evidence has shown that the complement system is involved in neurodevelopment in the normal physiological state. However, malaria infection results in the activation of the coagulation cascade and the production of thrombin, as well as increased leukocytes with bound serine proteases. Both thrombin and serine proteases are able to directly cleave C5 which leads to over activation of the complement system. The aim of this study is to identify gaps in knowledge of the implications of placental malaria on brain development and neurocognitive functions of offspring and to chart a course for gathering requisite knowledge to fill those gaps both through special studies and routine data-gathering exercises such as monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"39 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78360669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_16
Sampath Anche, Pranitha Kakarla, S. Avula, S. Akkala
As technology is advancing at a galloping rate, tissue engineering is no longer a fairy-like idea; it is turning out to be a reality. Tissue engineering has developed as the new frontier in the arena of dentistry. New technology will persistently have a major impact on dental practice, from the development of high-speed handpieces to modern restorative materials. Tissue engineering will extensively affect the dental practice significantly within the next 25 years. Regeneration of tissues and organs in humans after damage has remained as a hindrance throughout the antiquity to physicians, dentists, and patients. Hence, it will be in everyone's interest to welcome tissue engineering with open arms, but at the same time, to take it with a pinch of salt.
{"title":"Impact of tissue engineering in dentistry","authors":"Sampath Anche, Pranitha Kakarla, S. Avula, S. Akkala","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_5_16","url":null,"abstract":"As technology is advancing at a galloping rate, tissue engineering is no longer a fairy-like idea; it is turning out to be a reality. Tissue engineering has developed as the new frontier in the arena of dentistry. New technology will persistently have a major impact on dental practice, from the development of high-speed handpieces to modern restorative materials. Tissue engineering will extensively affect the dental practice significantly within the next 25 years. Regeneration of tissues and organs in humans after damage has remained as a hindrance throughout the antiquity to physicians, dentists, and patients. Hence, it will be in everyone's interest to welcome tissue engineering with open arms, but at the same time, to take it with a pinch of salt.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"35 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83235754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_6_17
B. Bello, Mamuda Alhaji, Naziru Tamasini
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major health challenge for load carriers and the general population. Work – related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is seen as the most expensive occupational disease in the workplace and leading work-related health concern, in developed as well as developing countries. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among load carriers in Kano metropolis. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 182 load carriers in Kano. Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaires was used to collect data for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms in an ergonomic or occupational health context. Result: A very high proportion of load carriers (87%) presented with one form of WMSD or the other. With regards to patterns of MSDs, most of the load carriers reported upper and low back pain with 71% and 61% respectively. This is followed by the neck accounting for almost 60%. Conclusion: This pattern is a clear indication that the most vulnerable part of our body likely to be affected often due to heavy and poor lifting technique, is the spine. Recommendation: This calls for a concerted effort to raise awareness and enlighten load carriers the need for proper manual handling technique in order to reduce the burden of WMSD and prevent subsequent spine destruction in later life.
{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among load carriers in Kano metropolis","authors":"B. Bello, Mamuda Alhaji, Naziru Tamasini","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_6_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_6_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major health challenge for load carriers and the general population. Work – related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is seen as the most expensive occupational disease in the workplace and leading work-related health concern, in developed as well as developing countries. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among load carriers in Kano metropolis. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 182 load carriers in Kano. Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaires was used to collect data for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms in an ergonomic or occupational health context. Result: A very high proportion of load carriers (87%) presented with one form of WMSD or the other. With regards to patterns of MSDs, most of the load carriers reported upper and low back pain with 71% and 61% respectively. This is followed by the neck accounting for almost 60%. Conclusion: This pattern is a clear indication that the most vulnerable part of our body likely to be affected often due to heavy and poor lifting technique, is the spine. Recommendation: This calls for a concerted effort to raise awareness and enlighten load carriers the need for proper manual handling technique in order to reduce the burden of WMSD and prevent subsequent spine destruction in later life.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90234200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_8_16
S. Mallineni, Srinivasulu Sakhamuri, Radhika Kunduru, Karthik Anchala
Hypodontia is a condition of less teeth than normal complement while when there are more teeth than complement, it is called hyperdontia. The occurrence of hypodontia and hyperdontia in a family is very rare. The purpose of this short communication is to describe the occurrence of numerical variants of hypodontia and hyperdontia in siblings belonging to a family. Studies have indicated genetic factors may influence numerical variations of teeth. A genetic correlation of hypodontia and hyperdontia has been described and suggested for further studies. As with hypodontia, hyperdontia in the primary dentition is rare.
{"title":"Familial occurrence of numerical variants hypodontia and hyperdontia in siblings: A rare report in primary dentition","authors":"S. Mallineni, Srinivasulu Sakhamuri, Radhika Kunduru, Karthik Anchala","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_8_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_8_16","url":null,"abstract":"Hypodontia is a condition of less teeth than normal complement while when there are more teeth than complement, it is called hyperdontia. The occurrence of hypodontia and hyperdontia in a family is very rare. The purpose of this short communication is to describe the occurrence of numerical variants of hypodontia and hyperdontia in siblings belonging to a family. Studies have indicated genetic factors may influence numerical variations of teeth. A genetic correlation of hypodontia and hyperdontia has been described and suggested for further studies. As with hypodontia, hyperdontia in the primary dentition is rare.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"44 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90848772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_33_15
R. Shruthy, P. Sharada, N. Priya, H. Sreelatha, Pramod K. Jali, M. Suma
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a craniofacial disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies, including conductive hearing loss due to external and middle ear deformities. HFM is a common term used to describe a sporadic complex spectrum of congenital anomalies that primarily involve the skeletal and soft-tissue components derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Although there is no universal agreement on the minimum diagnostic criteria, the facial phenotype, which is predominantly characterized by asymmetrical hypoplasia of the facial skeleton, the ear, and facial soft tissues are often distinctive enough to differentiate it from other craniofacial disorders. It is the most common facial congenital disability after cleft lip and palate, with an estimated prevalence of about 1 in 5600 births. We present a case of HFM in 13-year-old female.
{"title":"Hemifacial microsomia – A case report and review","authors":"R. Shruthy, P. Sharada, N. Priya, H. Sreelatha, Pramod K. Jali, M. Suma","doi":"10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_33_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_33_15","url":null,"abstract":"Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a craniofacial disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies, including conductive hearing loss due to external and middle ear deformities. HFM is a common term used to describe a sporadic complex spectrum of congenital anomalies that primarily involve the skeletal and soft-tissue components derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Although there is no universal agreement on the minimum diagnostic criteria, the facial phenotype, which is predominantly characterized by asymmetrical hypoplasia of the facial skeleton, the ear, and facial soft tissues are often distinctive enough to differentiate it from other craniofacial disorders. It is the most common facial congenital disability after cleft lip and palate, with an estimated prevalence of about 1 in 5600 births. We present a case of HFM in 13-year-old female.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"159 1","pages":"25 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75968755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4103/NJECP.NJECP_27_15
S. Aghahowa, R. N. Ogbevoen
Background: Bite resulting from animals seems to be a neglected disease. Since there were cases reported as emergency our institution, there is need to assess the incidence and drug utilization. Objective: To assess the incidence of snake bite and utilization of antivenom over 12 years in the Accident and Emergency Centre of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data from medical record of snake bite and antivenom utilization between the year 2000 and 2011 were assessed from the centre after obtaining permission. Results: One hundred and thirty-six vials of polyvalent antivenom were utilized in the management of 129 patients that reported with snake bite. The victims were 103 (79.9%) males and 26 (20.2%) females within range of 2 years to 68 years (median, 34 years). The incidence was significantly higher among young adult males aged between 29 and 36 years. Limbs were the most common sites of bite and farmers were the most vulnerable which constituted larger proportion of 75 (58.14%) of unskilled workers. On arrival at the hospital, 90 (69.8%) of the victims had local tourniquet applied above the bitten sites. Their only description of snake was in color and size. Thirty-four patients visited herbalist before reporting to hospital. Oral quinolone (ciprofloxacin) and diclofenac were the most frequently used antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Maximum duration of hospitalization was (102 ± 0.61 h). No death was recorded following snake envenomation and no adverse drug reaction during therapy. Conclusion: Adequate stocking of antivenom is strongly recommended during drug procurement because snake bite complications can be fatal if not promptly treated.
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