Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_44_20
R. Shojaei, M. Ghasemi
Introduction: Schools are the valuable place for promotion of oral health, and primary school teachers have a unique position to influence oral hygiene practices in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary school teachers of Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 195 primary school teachers of Tehran, Iran. The multiple-choice questionnaire regarding dental disease prevention is comprised of ten questions on knowledge, seven on practice, and five on attitude. Distribution of individuals in terms of variables was expressed as numbers and percentages, and a logistic regression test was used to investigate the relationship between variables. Results: 61.6% of the primary school teachers in Tehran had good knowledge on oral health, but their attitude, especially about their role in teaching oral health, is very unfavorable. Teachers with higher education and participation in continuing educational courses had a positive effect on their performance. Conclusion: All teachers should be trained at regular intervals, given the importance of oral health and raising awareness about improving oral health for their students.
{"title":"Oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of primary school teachers of Tehran, Iran","authors":"R. Shojaei, M. Ghasemi","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Schools are the valuable place for promotion of oral health, and primary school teachers have a unique position to influence oral hygiene practices in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary school teachers of Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 195 primary school teachers of Tehran, Iran. The multiple-choice questionnaire regarding dental disease prevention is comprised of ten questions on knowledge, seven on practice, and five on attitude. Distribution of individuals in terms of variables was expressed as numbers and percentages, and a logistic regression test was used to investigate the relationship between variables. Results: 61.6% of the primary school teachers in Tehran had good knowledge on oral health, but their attitude, especially about their role in teaching oral health, is very unfavorable. Teachers with higher education and participation in continuing educational courses had a positive effect on their performance. Conclusion: All teachers should be trained at regular intervals, given the importance of oral health and raising awareness about improving oral health for their students.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80201910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_40_20
E. Edetanlen, B. Saheeb
Background: Few studies are reported in the literature about the prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandible, but little is known about the risk factors. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of disarticulation resection of the mandible. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study design for patients that had surgical resections of the mandible from January 2010 to July 2020 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Collected data from the patients' case-notes were age, gender, level of education, place of residence, occupation, employment status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, type of lesion, and type of resection performed. In the univariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used for analysis, while the binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. All statistics were performed with SPSS version 21 (IBM Corps, Armonk, New York, USA). A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 189 patients who presented for mandibular resections ranged in age from 13 to 75 years with a mean age of 41.4 ± 14.9 years. There were more males (63.5%) than females (36.5%) with M: F ratio of 1.7:1. More than half of the patients had disarticulation resection of the mandible, giving a prevalence of 64.0%. Alcohol consumption (P = 0.01) and the type of lesion (P = 0.00) were significantly associated with the prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandibles. Only the type of lesion added to the predictive power of the risk factors (P = 0.03). The odontogenic keratocyst was 0.12 more likely to result in disarticulation resection of mandible than solid ameloblastoma. Conclusion: The prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandible was 64.0%. The type of lesion in the mandible was a significant risk factor of the high prevalence of its disarticulation resection.
背景:文献中很少有关于下颌骨脱节切除术的研究报道，但对其危险因素知之甚少。这项研究的目的是确定患病率和危险因素的分离切除下颌骨。患者和方法:这是一项回顾性研究设计，研究对象是2010年1月至2020年7月在尼日利亚一家三级卫生机构口腔颌面外科接受下颌骨手术切除的患者。从患者病例记录中收集的数据包括年龄、性别、教育程度、居住地、职业、就业状况、吸烟、饮酒、病变类型和切除类型。单因素分析采用卡方检验进行分析，多因素分析采用二元logistic回归。所有统计数据均使用SPSS version 21 (IBM Corps, Armonk, New York, USA)进行。P < 0.05为显著性。结果:189例患者行下颌骨切除术，年龄13 ~ 75岁，平均年龄41.4±14.9岁。男性(63.5%)多于女性(36.5%)，M: F比为1.7:1。超过一半的患者行下颌骨脱节切除术，发生率为64.0%。饮酒(P = 0.01)和病变类型(P = 0.00)与下颌骨脱节切除术的发生率显著相关。只有病变类型增加了危险因素的预测能力(P = 0.03)。牙源性角化囊肿导致下颌骨脱节切除的可能性比实体性成釉细胞瘤高0.12。结论:下颌骨脱节切除术的成功率为64.0%。下颌骨病变类型是其高患病率的危险因素。
{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of disarticulation resection of the mandibles in a Nigerian subpopulation","authors":"E. Edetanlen, B. Saheeb","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_40_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_40_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few studies are reported in the literature about the prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandible, but little is known about the risk factors. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of disarticulation resection of the mandible. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study design for patients that had surgical resections of the mandible from January 2010 to July 2020 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Collected data from the patients' case-notes were age, gender, level of education, place of residence, occupation, employment status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, type of lesion, and type of resection performed. In the univariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used for analysis, while the binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. All statistics were performed with SPSS version 21 (IBM Corps, Armonk, New York, USA). A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 189 patients who presented for mandibular resections ranged in age from 13 to 75 years with a mean age of 41.4 ± 14.9 years. There were more males (63.5%) than females (36.5%) with M: F ratio of 1.7:1. More than half of the patients had disarticulation resection of the mandible, giving a prevalence of 64.0%. Alcohol consumption (P = 0.01) and the type of lesion (P = 0.00) were significantly associated with the prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandibles. Only the type of lesion added to the predictive power of the risk factors (P = 0.03). The odontogenic keratocyst was 0.12 more likely to result in disarticulation resection of mandible than solid ameloblastoma. Conclusion: The prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandible was 64.0%. The type of lesion in the mandible was a significant risk factor of the high prevalence of its disarticulation resection.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"7 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82552536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_30_20
Hafsat Bakori, A. Idris, A. Kumurya
Background: Infertility is an emerging health problem in many countries of the world including Nigeria. In many instances of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infection in women with infertility, it is difficult to find the etiological cause. Mycoplasma genitalium can be a cause of such asymptomatic infections and easily overlooked by clinicians. These bacteria can cause pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility. The seroprevalence of M. genitalium among infertile women will help in determining the extent of infection and define the medical attention it deserves. Objective: The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of M. genitalium among women with infertility in Kano metropolis. Materials and Methods: About 2 mL of blood samples was collected from 59 infertile women attending infertility clinics and 31 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (as controls) at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. ELISA kit (Sunlog Biotech, M. genitalium) was used to detect the presence of M. genitalium antibody (MG-IgG). Results: Most of the participants in both groups found to have positive M. genitalium-IgG, with 50 (84.7%) among infertile women and 28 (90.3%) among fertile women. Among all the possible risk factors observed, only vaginal discharge was found to have a statistically significant relationship with the presence of M. genitalium-IgG (P = 0.0356). Conclusion: The study observed that M. genitalium has no significant association with infertility in Kano because the observed prevalence in the control group is a little bit higher than that of the study participants. The high prevalence of M. genitalium-IgG obtained among infertile and fertile women strongly suggests that they are not always associated with symptoms, thus supporting the need for screening among women of reproductive age.
背景:在包括尼日利亚在内的世界许多国家，不孕症是一个新出现的健康问题。在许多情况下，无症状或少症状感染的妇女不孕，很难找到病因。生殖器支原体可能是这种无症状感染的一个原因，很容易被临床医生忽视。这些细菌会引起盆腔炎，导致不孕。不育妇女中生殖支原体的血清流行率将有助于确定感染的程度，并确定其应得到的医疗照顾。目的:了解卡诺市不孕妇女生殖道支原体的血清阳性率。材料和方法:从卡诺Murtala Muhammad专科医院不孕不育诊所的59名不孕妇女和产前诊所的31名孕妇(作为对照)中采集约2 mL血液样本。ELISA试剂盒(Sunlog Biotech, M. genitalium)检测生殖道支原体抗体(MG-IgG)的存在。结果:两组患者中生殖道支原体igg阳性者占绝大多数，其中不孕妇女50例(84.7%)，可育妇女28例(90.3%)。在观察到的所有可能的危险因素中，只有阴道分泌物与生殖器支原体igg存在有统计学意义(P = 0.0356)。结论:本研究观察到生殖支原体与卡诺地区的不孕症无显著相关性，因为对照组的患病率略高于研究参与者。在不育和育龄妇女中获得的生殖器支原体igg的高流行率强烈表明它们并不总是与症状相关，因此支持对育龄妇女进行筛查的必要性。
{"title":"Mycoplasma genitalium antibody among infertile women in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Hafsat Bakori, A. Idris, A. Kumurya","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_30_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_30_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infertility is an emerging health problem in many countries of the world including Nigeria. In many instances of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infection in women with infertility, it is difficult to find the etiological cause. Mycoplasma genitalium can be a cause of such asymptomatic infections and easily overlooked by clinicians. These bacteria can cause pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility. The seroprevalence of M. genitalium among infertile women will help in determining the extent of infection and define the medical attention it deserves. Objective: The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of M. genitalium among women with infertility in Kano metropolis. Materials and Methods: About 2 mL of blood samples was collected from 59 infertile women attending infertility clinics and 31 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (as controls) at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. ELISA kit (Sunlog Biotech, M. genitalium) was used to detect the presence of M. genitalium antibody (MG-IgG). Results: Most of the participants in both groups found to have positive M. genitalium-IgG, with 50 (84.7%) among infertile women and 28 (90.3%) among fertile women. Among all the possible risk factors observed, only vaginal discharge was found to have a statistically significant relationship with the presence of M. genitalium-IgG (P = 0.0356). Conclusion: The study observed that M. genitalium has no significant association with infertility in Kano because the observed prevalence in the control group is a little bit higher than that of the study participants. The high prevalence of M. genitalium-IgG obtained among infertile and fertile women strongly suggests that they are not always associated with symptoms, thus supporting the need for screening among women of reproductive age.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"32 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79775375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_41_20
I. Altaf
Clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection can be variable in current pandemic even in patients presenting to the clinic with mild history of upper respiratory complaints. Various cutaneous manifestations have been noticed in COVID-19 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) being one among them. HZ is an infection that results that results when varicella-zoster virus reactivates from its latent state in a posterior dorsal root ganglion. Here, we aim to expand our knowledge by reporting three cases of associated zoster infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit in view of respiratory complaints. All the three patients admitted had revealed lymphocytopenia at the time of HZ diagnosis and were managed conservatively throughout the course. In all the cases, acyclovir/valaciclovir led to the resolution of lesions in 10 days. No postherpetic sequelae were observed. We hereby suggest that the clinical presentation of HZ at the time of the current pandemic should be considered as an alarming sign for a latent subclinical SARS CoV2 infection and thorough follow-up of such patients be adopted.
{"title":"Herpes zoster-An indicator of a hidden COVID-19 infection-A case series","authors":"I. Altaf","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_41_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_41_20","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection can be variable in current pandemic even in patients presenting to the clinic with mild history of upper respiratory complaints. Various cutaneous manifestations have been noticed in COVID-19 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) being one among them. HZ is an infection that results that results when varicella-zoster virus reactivates from its latent state in a posterior dorsal root ganglion. Here, we aim to expand our knowledge by reporting three cases of associated zoster infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit in view of respiratory complaints. All the three patients admitted had revealed lymphocytopenia at the time of HZ diagnosis and were managed conservatively throughout the course. In all the cases, acyclovir/valaciclovir led to the resolution of lesions in 10 days. No postherpetic sequelae were observed. We hereby suggest that the clinical presentation of HZ at the time of the current pandemic should be considered as an alarming sign for a latent subclinical SARS CoV2 infection and thorough follow-up of such patients be adopted.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"54 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84383056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_32_20
S. Innih, N. Eluehike, Blessing Francis
Background: In recent times, medicinal plants has been explored for their ameliorating effect on Cadmium induced organ toxicity in Wistar rats. Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the protective effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) on cadmium-induced biochemical and histological alterations in heart of rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (A-F). Blood samples were collected from the animals after treatment with cadmium (10mg/kg body weight) and varying doses (150, 300, 600mg/kg B.W) of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus for 60 days for evaluation of antioxidant status and hematological parameters. Sections of the heart and aorta were examined for histological alterations. Results: Treatment with extract of Cyperus esculentus resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione peroxidase activities and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level when compared to the untreated animals. However, the alterations observed in the hematological parameters were not improved on treatment with Cyperus esculentus. Conclusion: Treatment with medium (300mg/kg B.W) and high (600mg/kg B.W) of Cyperus esculentus reversed the histological alterations observed in the heart and aorta of the untreated animals. The study demonstrated that aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus can protect against oxidative stress resulting from cadmium toxicity.
{"title":"Effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) on antioxidant status and hematological indices in the heart of cadmium-induced wistar rats","authors":"S. Innih, N. Eluehike, Blessing Francis","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_32_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_32_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent times, medicinal plants has been explored for their ameliorating effect on Cadmium induced organ toxicity in Wistar rats. Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the protective effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) on cadmium-induced biochemical and histological alterations in heart of rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (A-F). Blood samples were collected from the animals after treatment with cadmium (10mg/kg body weight) and varying doses (150, 300, 600mg/kg B.W) of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus for 60 days for evaluation of antioxidant status and hematological parameters. Sections of the heart and aorta were examined for histological alterations. Results: Treatment with extract of Cyperus esculentus resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthathione peroxidase activities and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level when compared to the untreated animals. However, the alterations observed in the hematological parameters were not improved on treatment with Cyperus esculentus. Conclusion: Treatment with medium (300mg/kg B.W) and high (600mg/kg B.W) of Cyperus esculentus reversed the histological alterations observed in the heart and aorta of the untreated animals. The study demonstrated that aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus can protect against oxidative stress resulting from cadmium toxicity.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"17 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77031922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_45_20
C. Okechukwu
{"title":"Inflammatory cytokines induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy may alter fetal brain development predisposing the offspring to neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"C. Okechukwu","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_45_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_45_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"58 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75542163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_17_19
D. Omotoso, O. Lawal, O. Olatomide, I. Okojie
Background: Cissampelos owariensis is a tropical medicinal plant widely applied for diverse therapeutic uses such as treatment of circulatory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic leaf extracts of C. owariensis against prolonged exposure to acidic gastric acid was assessed in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This study involved 25 male Wistar rats (180–200 g) divided into five groups (n = 5): Group A–E. Groups A and B were used as normal and test controls given distilled water, whereas Groups C–E were, respectively, administered with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis at dosage of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The mode of administration was oral, and the study period was 21 days. Afterward, gastric mucosal injury was induced in Groups B–E animals through pyloric ligation method. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of gastric tissues were done to ascertain the degrees of gastric mucosal protection or erosion using gross photographic and histological staining techniques. Results: The gross appearance of internal aspect of gastric tissues showed mildly eroded mucosal surface in treated Groups B–D, but intense erosion was observed in test control Group D. Similarly, for histological results, the treated Groups B–D showed moderate-to-mild mucosal surface erosion compared to intense erosion observed in test control Group E. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that prior treatment with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis resulted in gastric mucosal protection in experimental animals exposed to offensive factor such as gastric acid. This gastroprotective activity of methanolic extracts of C. owariensis may be associated with the antioxidant properties of the constituent phytochemical compounds.
{"title":"Macroscopic and microscopic assessment of gastroprotective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Cissampelos owariensis (P. Beauv.) in rats using pyloric ligation method","authors":"D. Omotoso, O. Lawal, O. Olatomide, I. Okojie","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_17_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_17_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cissampelos owariensis is a tropical medicinal plant widely applied for diverse therapeutic uses such as treatment of circulatory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic leaf extracts of C. owariensis against prolonged exposure to acidic gastric acid was assessed in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This study involved 25 male Wistar rats (180–200 g) divided into five groups (n = 5): Group A–E. Groups A and B were used as normal and test controls given distilled water, whereas Groups C–E were, respectively, administered with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis at dosage of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The mode of administration was oral, and the study period was 21 days. Afterward, gastric mucosal injury was induced in Groups B–E animals through pyloric ligation method. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of gastric tissues were done to ascertain the degrees of gastric mucosal protection or erosion using gross photographic and histological staining techniques. Results: The gross appearance of internal aspect of gastric tissues showed mildly eroded mucosal surface in treated Groups B–D, but intense erosion was observed in test control Group D. Similarly, for histological results, the treated Groups B–D showed moderate-to-mild mucosal surface erosion compared to intense erosion observed in test control Group E. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that prior treatment with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis resulted in gastric mucosal protection in experimental animals exposed to offensive factor such as gastric acid. This gastroprotective activity of methanolic extracts of C. owariensis may be associated with the antioxidant properties of the constituent phytochemical compounds.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"12 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84581703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_16_20
V. Enemor, C. Oguazu, C. Okpalagu, S. Okafor
Introduction: Soybean is widely grown for its edible bean. It is a legume that grows in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates of Nigeria. It has been shown to contain a number of antioxidants that are used in preventing and treating chronic diseases. Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soybean seed using the following assays: DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-2-picryhydrazylhydrate) scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity assay, reducing power capacity assay, and antioxidant enzyme assay, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity assay. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of soybeans seed were determined spectrophotometrically using methods that include 2, 2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay, reducing power activity assay, peroxidation assay, and catalase and SOD activity assays. Results: The result of the DPPH scavenging activity revealed that the soybean extract has an EC50 value of 1053.542 μg/ml, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with an EC50 of 420.1852 μg/ml, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of soybeans extract had an IC50 of 1168.771 μg/ml. The reducing power activity of the soybeans extract had an OD0.5 of 484U/mg, catalase activity of 0.12985 U/mg, and SOD activity of 0.004125 U/mg. The EC50/IC50/OD0.5 obtained for the standard butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) was lower than those of the soybeans extract. Conclusions: The use of soybean as a source of natural antioxidants should be promoted since soybean component can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect the human body from the oxidative damages by free radicals. Hence, the dietary intake of soybean can be linked to prevention and management of certain diseases.
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soybeans (glycine max [l.] merill) seeds","authors":"V. Enemor, C. Oguazu, C. Okpalagu, S. Okafor","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_16_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_16_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Soybean is widely grown for its edible bean. It is a legume that grows in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates of Nigeria. It has been shown to contain a number of antioxidants that are used in preventing and treating chronic diseases. Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soybean seed using the following assays: DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-2-picryhydrazylhydrate) scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity assay, reducing power capacity assay, and antioxidant enzyme assay, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity assay. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of soybeans seed were determined spectrophotometrically using methods that include 2, 2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay, reducing power activity assay, peroxidation assay, and catalase and SOD activity assays. Results: The result of the DPPH scavenging activity revealed that the soybean extract has an EC50 value of 1053.542 μg/ml, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with an EC50 of 420.1852 μg/ml, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of soybeans extract had an IC50 of 1168.771 μg/ml. The reducing power activity of the soybeans extract had an OD0.5 of 484U/mg, catalase activity of 0.12985 U/mg, and SOD activity of 0.004125 U/mg. The EC50/IC50/OD0.5 obtained for the standard butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) was lower than those of the soybeans extract. Conclusions: The use of soybean as a source of natural antioxidants should be promoted since soybean component can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect the human body from the oxidative damages by free radicals. Hence, the dietary intake of soybean can be linked to prevention and management of certain diseases.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"25 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90273392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_27_20
C. Okechukwu
{"title":"Potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the loss of smell and taste symptoms of COVID-19","authors":"C. Okechukwu","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_27_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_27_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"134 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_20
T. Danboyi, A. Alhassan, A. Jimoh, E. Hassan-Danboyi
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders, afflicting over 415 million people worldwide. It has been associated with several complications mainly due to hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. L-Citrulline, a nonessential amino acid may be an efficient alternative therapy owing to its hypolipidemic and other beneficial effects which have not been extensively explored in type-2 DM (T2DM). Objective: We investigated the effect of L-citrulline supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and lipid profile in high-fat-diet (HFD) and dexamethasone-induced T2DM in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats, 10–12 weeks old, each weighing between 200 and 250 g were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. Group I was fed normal diet while diabetes was induced in the other groups with HFD and dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. Group III which was confirmed diabetic, received metformin 100 mg/kg orally, and Groups IV, V, and VI which were also confirmed diabetic, received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg L-citrulline, respectively, for 21 days. Serum FBG and lipid profile were obtained after humanely sacrificing the rats at the end of the treatment. Values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: At the end of the treatment, L-citrulline significantly reduced the FBG levels in a dose-dependent manner to 192.5 ± 3.4 mg/dL, 181.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL, and 174.8 ± 2.8 mg/dL at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The total cholesterol level was significantly lowered by L-citrulline 200 mg/kg (55.2 ± 0.64 mg/dL), 400 mg/kg (57.8 ± 1.19 mg/dL), and 800 mg/kg (63.1 ± 1.50 mg/dL) compared to the diabetic control (149.8 ± 2.68 mg/dL). Similar findings were obtained for the low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. There were also significant elevations in the high-density lipoprotein levels by L-citrulline at all doses compared to diabetic control (24.6 ± 1.1 mg/dL). Conclusion: L-Citrulline supplementation possesses antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in diabetic Wistar rats.
{"title":"Effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood glucose level and lipid profile in high-fat diet - and dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetes in male wistar rats","authors":"T. Danboyi, A. Alhassan, A. Jimoh, E. Hassan-Danboyi","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders, afflicting over 415 million people worldwide. It has been associated with several complications mainly due to hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. L-Citrulline, a nonessential amino acid may be an efficient alternative therapy owing to its hypolipidemic and other beneficial effects which have not been extensively explored in type-2 DM (T2DM). Objective: We investigated the effect of L-citrulline supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and lipid profile in high-fat-diet (HFD) and dexamethasone-induced T2DM in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats, 10–12 weeks old, each weighing between 200 and 250 g were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. Group I was fed normal diet while diabetes was induced in the other groups with HFD and dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. Group III which was confirmed diabetic, received metformin 100 mg/kg orally, and Groups IV, V, and VI which were also confirmed diabetic, received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg L-citrulline, respectively, for 21 days. Serum FBG and lipid profile were obtained after humanely sacrificing the rats at the end of the treatment. Values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: At the end of the treatment, L-citrulline significantly reduced the FBG levels in a dose-dependent manner to 192.5 ± 3.4 mg/dL, 181.8 ± 1.2 mg/dL, and 174.8 ± 2.8 mg/dL at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The total cholesterol level was significantly lowered by L-citrulline 200 mg/kg (55.2 ± 0.64 mg/dL), 400 mg/kg (57.8 ± 1.19 mg/dL), and 800 mg/kg (63.1 ± 1.50 mg/dL) compared to the diabetic control (149.8 ± 2.68 mg/dL). Similar findings were obtained for the low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. There were also significant elevations in the high-density lipoprotein levels by L-citrulline at all doses compared to diabetic control (24.6 ± 1.1 mg/dL). Conclusion: L-Citrulline supplementation possesses antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in diabetic Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"138 1","pages":"100 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80273619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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