Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_16_21
L. Sulaimon, R. Adisa, F. Abdulkareem
Introduction: Hematological abnormalities such as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy necessitate the need to develop agents that stimulate erythropoiesis and boost immune response in cancer. Aim: The present study investigated the effects of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ) on the hematological profile of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced cirrhotic-hepatocellular carcinogenic (HCC) rats. Materials and Methods: One hundred Wistar strain albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) for the experimental period of 20 weeks. Groups A, B, and C received distilled water, 10 mg/kg each of DEN and MitoQ respectively. Animals in Group D were pretreated with 10 mg/kg MitoQ for a week followed by coadministration of 10 mg/kg each of MitoQ and DEN for 20 weeks, while Group E received 10 mg/kg DEN for 8 weeks and then coadministration of 10 mg/kg each of DEN and MitoQ till the end of 20th week. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 12th, 16th, and 20th week. Blood samples were collected into labeled heparinized bottles for hematological analysis. Results: Administration of DEN significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of red blood cell (RBC) count and erythrocytes indices. These erythrogram parameters were continuously deranging from 6.86 ± 0.26 to 2.69 ± 0.01, from 37.40 ± 1.99 to 30.35 ± 0.57, from 12.16 ± 0.97 to 8.90 ± 0.37 in the levels of RBC, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin, respectively, with the progression of HCC from cirrhosis to advanced HCC in Wistar rats. Further, the levels of white blood cells (WBCs, 3.68 ± 0.08), granulocytes (1.30 ± 0.06), lymphocytes (0.63 ± 0.11), and platelets (440.00 ± 22.67) were significantly reduced in the DEN group compared to healthy control (4.46 ± 0.12, 2.14 ± 0.27, 1.70 ± 0.13, and 685.80 ± 15.48 in the levels of WBC, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, respectively) at the advanced HCC stage. Interestingly, MitoQ interventions significantly (P < 0.05) reversed alterations in hematological indices induced by DEN toxicity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MitoQ is safe and capable of normalizing hematological abnormalities associated with cirrhosis and HCC in Wistar rats.
{"title":"Mitoquinol mesylate ameliorates hematological aberration in cirrhotic-hepatocellular carcinogenic rats","authors":"L. Sulaimon, R. Adisa, F. Abdulkareem","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_16_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_16_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hematological abnormalities such as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy necessitate the need to develop agents that stimulate erythropoiesis and boost immune response in cancer. Aim: The present study investigated the effects of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ) on the hematological profile of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced cirrhotic-hepatocellular carcinogenic (HCC) rats. Materials and Methods: One hundred Wistar strain albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) for the experimental period of 20 weeks. Groups A, B, and C received distilled water, 10 mg/kg each of DEN and MitoQ respectively. Animals in Group D were pretreated with 10 mg/kg MitoQ for a week followed by coadministration of 10 mg/kg each of MitoQ and DEN for 20 weeks, while Group E received 10 mg/kg DEN for 8 weeks and then coadministration of 10 mg/kg each of DEN and MitoQ till the end of 20th week. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 12th, 16th, and 20th week. Blood samples were collected into labeled heparinized bottles for hematological analysis. Results: Administration of DEN significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of red blood cell (RBC) count and erythrocytes indices. These erythrogram parameters were continuously deranging from 6.86 ± 0.26 to 2.69 ± 0.01, from 37.40 ± 1.99 to 30.35 ± 0.57, from 12.16 ± 0.97 to 8.90 ± 0.37 in the levels of RBC, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin, respectively, with the progression of HCC from cirrhosis to advanced HCC in Wistar rats. Further, the levels of white blood cells (WBCs, 3.68 ± 0.08), granulocytes (1.30 ± 0.06), lymphocytes (0.63 ± 0.11), and platelets (440.00 ± 22.67) were significantly reduced in the DEN group compared to healthy control (4.46 ± 0.12, 2.14 ± 0.27, 1.70 ± 0.13, and 685.80 ± 15.48 in the levels of WBC, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, respectively) at the advanced HCC stage. Interestingly, MitoQ interventions significantly (P < 0.05) reversed alterations in hematological indices induced by DEN toxicity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MitoQ is safe and capable of normalizing hematological abnormalities associated with cirrhosis and HCC in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"144 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80707779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_21
P. Ezemelue, D. Onyegbule, Leona C Okoli, Kafilat O. Kareem, O. Awodele, A. Otitoloju
Introduction: The use of new wireless technologies emitting radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation has been introduced worldwide, raising concerns about their biosafety. So far, there have been contradictory scientific reports which have led to active debates over the bio-effects of EMF on the ecosystem. Aim: This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the bio-effect of exposure to RF-EMF from a mobile phone simulator. Materials and Methods: The experimental study used 16 healthy albino rats (8 females/8 males) randomly selected and divided equally into two groups: Group A (8 rats exposed to mobile phone simulators) and Group C (8 rats as control); the study procedure was carried out for 6 weeks. The rats were examined for physical changes, hematological profiles, and serum oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Results: The outcome of the study showed that exposure to RF-EMF affected the weight of the animals; this is illustrated when comparing the baseline weight/final weight of the exposed as compared to the control. This trend was also replicated when compared across gender, though further analysis showed no significance across the two groups (P > 0.05). The result of the hematological analysis showed that only granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) showed significance (P = 0.04), while for OS biomarkers, the result showed that superoxide dismutase and catalase showed significant difference (P = 0.02), respectively, across the two groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that exposure to RF-EMF has an associated effect on hematology and OS induction and therefore recommends the adherence to the precautionary principle while further research has been carried out on their specific mechanism and site of action.
{"title":"Evaluation of haematological parameters and oxidative stress-induced in rats exposed to radio-frequency radiation from mobile phones","authors":"P. Ezemelue, D. Onyegbule, Leona C Okoli, Kafilat O. Kareem, O. Awodele, A. Otitoloju","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_23_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The use of new wireless technologies emitting radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation has been introduced worldwide, raising concerns about their biosafety. So far, there have been contradictory scientific reports which have led to active debates over the bio-effects of EMF on the ecosystem. Aim: This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the bio-effect of exposure to RF-EMF from a mobile phone simulator. Materials and Methods: The experimental study used 16 healthy albino rats (8 females/8 males) randomly selected and divided equally into two groups: Group A (8 rats exposed to mobile phone simulators) and Group C (8 rats as control); the study procedure was carried out for 6 weeks. The rats were examined for physical changes, hematological profiles, and serum oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Results: The outcome of the study showed that exposure to RF-EMF affected the weight of the animals; this is illustrated when comparing the baseline weight/final weight of the exposed as compared to the control. This trend was also replicated when compared across gender, though further analysis showed no significance across the two groups (P > 0.05). The result of the hematological analysis showed that only granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) showed significance (P = 0.04), while for OS biomarkers, the result showed that superoxide dismutase and catalase showed significant difference (P = 0.02), respectively, across the two groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that exposure to RF-EMF has an associated effect on hematology and OS induction and therefore recommends the adherence to the precautionary principle while further research has been carried out on their specific mechanism and site of action.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"165 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84219151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_20_21
Srinidhi Ballulaya, Neha Taufin, N. Deepthi, Venu Devella
The combined CBCT and 3-d printing have found its endodontic application in pre-surgical planning models, endodontic access guides and localization of osteotomy preparation site. This article reports a series of three cases where this combined technology have been used. The first case report is of radicular dens invaginatus which was diagnosed by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and 3D plastic models of the tooth. The case was managed successfully by the combination of both surgical and non-surgical endodontic treatment. The second case report is the guided access preparation of lower anterior teeth. A 3D printed template was designed with the CBCT scan for the guided access cavity preparation and was compared with the conventional endodontic access cavity preparation. The third case report is the surgical template guided hemisection. A 3D surgical template was designed which allowed precise angulation of the bur and minimized the excess removal of tooth structure. Thus, the combined use of CBCT and 3D printing enabled visualization of complex root canal anatomies and allowed precise and accurate treatment.
{"title":"Application of CBCT data and three-dimensional printing for endodontic diagnosis and treatment: Three case reports","authors":"Srinidhi Ballulaya, Neha Taufin, N. Deepthi, Venu Devella","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"The combined CBCT and 3-d printing have found its endodontic application in pre-surgical planning models, endodontic access guides and localization of osteotomy preparation site. This article reports a series of three cases where this combined technology have been used. The first case report is of radicular dens invaginatus which was diagnosed by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and 3D plastic models of the tooth. The case was managed successfully by the combination of both surgical and non-surgical endodontic treatment. The second case report is the guided access preparation of lower anterior teeth. A 3D printed template was designed with the CBCT scan for the guided access cavity preparation and was compared with the conventional endodontic access cavity preparation. The third case report is the surgical template guided hemisection. A 3D surgical template was designed which allowed precise angulation of the bur and minimized the excess removal of tooth structure. Thus, the combined use of CBCT and 3D printing enabled visualization of complex root canal anatomies and allowed precise and accurate treatment.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"206 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85158643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_17_21
C. Nwogu, A. Ugwu, A. Soibi-Harry, Samuel Nwokocha
Uterocutaneous fistula (UCF) is a very clinical entity that occurs mostly following surgical injuries. We present a case of a 35-year-old nulliparous woman who developed UCF following openabdominal myomectomy. She was managed successfully using laparotomy with fistula tract excision and repair. Her symptoms resolved spontaneously after surgery,
{"title":"Uterocutaneous fistula postabdominal myomectomy: Successful Repair – Case report and review of literature","authors":"C. Nwogu, A. Ugwu, A. Soibi-Harry, Samuel Nwokocha","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Uterocutaneous fistula (UCF) is a very clinical entity that occurs mostly following surgical injuries. We present a case of a 35-year-old nulliparous woman who developed UCF following openabdominal myomectomy. She was managed successfully using laparotomy with fistula tract excision and repair. Her symptoms resolved spontaneously after surgery,","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"199 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90630763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_27_21
S. Yajamanya, A. Chatterjee, Ahad M. Hussain, Sushma Das
With current advancements in the field of dentistry, the dental treatments today are focused more on conserving the tooth and supporting the concept of “nothing serves better than the natural tooth itself.” This case report presents a multidisciplinary treatment approach adopted in retaining a Grade III mobile periodontally compromised permanent maxillary left central incisor in a 32-year-old female patient who reported to the Department of Periodontics and Oral implantology with the chief complaint of intraoral swelling, pus discharge, bleeding gums, and tooth mobility in the upper front tooth region. At 1-year follow-up, the tooth was periodontally stable and functional.
{"title":"Management of a periodontally compromised grade III mobile tooth associated with pyogenic granuloma","authors":"S. Yajamanya, A. Chatterjee, Ahad M. Hussain, Sushma Das","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_27_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_27_21","url":null,"abstract":"With current advancements in the field of dentistry, the dental treatments today are focused more on conserving the tooth and supporting the concept of “nothing serves better than the natural tooth itself.” This case report presents a multidisciplinary treatment approach adopted in retaining a Grade III mobile periodontally compromised permanent maxillary left central incisor in a 32-year-old female patient who reported to the Department of Periodontics and Oral implantology with the chief complaint of intraoral swelling, pus discharge, bleeding gums, and tooth mobility in the upper front tooth region. At 1-year follow-up, the tooth was periodontally stable and functional.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"211 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74220738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_19_21
Khooshbu Gayen, Anisha Bag, S. Shirolkar, Rajib Sikdar, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Sarkar
Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting (EEC) syndrome is a rare hereditary congenital defect characterized by a triad of disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia, malformed extremities, and cleft lip and/or palate. We report the case of a 3-month-old girl child with clinical signs of EEC syndrome and offer valuable information into current knowledge about this syndrome. The symptoms of EEC display diversity in both extension and expression. Early diagnosis and management of clinical manifestations associated with this syndrome presents a unique challenge due to the paucity of documents in the literature.
{"title":"Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting syndrome","authors":"Khooshbu Gayen, Anisha Bag, S. Shirolkar, Rajib Sikdar, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Sarkar","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_19_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_19_21","url":null,"abstract":"Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–clefting (EEC) syndrome is a rare hereditary congenital defect characterized by a triad of disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia, malformed extremities, and cleft lip and/or palate. We report the case of a 3-month-old girl child with clinical signs of EEC syndrome and offer valuable information into current knowledge about this syndrome. The symptoms of EEC display diversity in both extension and expression. Early diagnosis and management of clinical manifestations associated with this syndrome presents a unique challenge due to the paucity of documents in the literature.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"202 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84675371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_18_21
Tanko Maiyaki, S. Odjimogho, O. Okandeji-Barry, O. Agofure, M. Enoch
Background: Poor management of diabetes mellitus (DM) has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality among patients. Likely factors contributing to this trend include inadequate knowledge, attitude, and diabetes management practices among patients. Aim: This study was therefore designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with type 2 DM in patients attending Federal Medical Center, Jalingo Taraba State. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out among 286 type 2 diabetes patients selected purposively. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, and it comprised of four sections, namely sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of DM, attitude toward DM, and DM management practices. The collected data were entered into IBM SPSS 23.0 and were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Most of the respondents 104 (35.62%) were aged 50–59 years and 163 (55.8%) were females. Besides, 89.0% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of DM, whereas 56.8% exhibited good attitude toward DM and 81.8% demonstrated good DM management practices. Knowledge of DM showed a significant association with attitude and practice of DM management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice remain vital in the management of DM and prevention of complications. Therefore, more efforts must be channeled into improving and sustaining the knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients to improve their quality of life.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients attending a tertiary health facility in North-East Nigeria","authors":"Tanko Maiyaki, S. Odjimogho, O. Okandeji-Barry, O. Agofure, M. Enoch","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor management of diabetes mellitus (DM) has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality among patients. Likely factors contributing to this trend include inadequate knowledge, attitude, and diabetes management practices among patients. Aim: This study was therefore designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with type 2 DM in patients attending Federal Medical Center, Jalingo Taraba State. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out among 286 type 2 diabetes patients selected purposively. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, and it comprised of four sections, namely sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of DM, attitude toward DM, and DM management practices. The collected data were entered into IBM SPSS 23.0 and were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Most of the respondents 104 (35.62%) were aged 50–59 years and 163 (55.8%) were females. Besides, 89.0% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of DM, whereas 56.8% exhibited good attitude toward DM and 81.8% demonstrated good DM management practices. Knowledge of DM showed a significant association with attitude and practice of DM management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice remain vital in the management of DM and prevention of complications. Therefore, more efforts must be channeled into improving and sustaining the knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients to improve their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"151 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89600645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_9_21
O. Maliki, A. Alagbonsi, C. Ibitoye, L. Olayaki
Background: Cyanide, present in cassava, causes adverse effects on the thyroid and male reproductive functions and its poisoning generates free radical and oxidative stress. Melatonin and Vitamin C are antioxidants that improve conditions associated with oxidative stress. Aims and objectives: We evaluated the effects of melatonin and/ or Vitamin C on body weight, thyroid functions, and reproductive parameters in cyanide-enriched cassava-fortified diet (CD)-treated rats and their possible mechanisms of actions. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into six groups (n = 5 each): Group I – Control, Group II – Melatonin, Group III – Vitamin C, Group IV – CD, Group V – CD + Melatonin, and Group VI – CD + Melatonin + Vitamin C. The control received normal saline, while melatonin and Vitamin C groups were dosed orally at 15 mg/kg melatonin and 100 mg/kg Vitamin C, respectively, CD group was fed with 40% cassava-fortified diet only, while other groups received the combination of the treatments. Results: In CD-treated rats, the sperm parameters were not affected but sperm count was insignificantly increased by melatonin, while melatonin + Vitamin C significantly increased all semen parameters. Neither CD only nor co-administration with melatonin and/or Vitamin C affected plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone. The CD increased triiodothyronine (T3), but the increase was abolished by melatonin. Moreover, the CD increased thyroxine (T4), which was neither affected by melatonin alone nor its combination with Vitamin C. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were not different across all treatment groups. The CD increased the thiocyanate, which was ameliorated by melatonin but abolished by combination of melatonin and Vitamin C. The CD also decreased the total antioxidant capacity level, which was abolished by melatonin. The CD increased weight gain, thyroid hormone, and oxidative stress but had no effect on semen parameters and reproductive hormones. Conclusion: Melatonin and Vitamin C attenuate the effects of CD on weight, thyroid hormones, and oxidative stress.
{"title":"Melatonin and Vitamin C modulate cassava diet-induced alteration in reproductive and thyroid functions","authors":"O. Maliki, A. Alagbonsi, C. Ibitoye, L. Olayaki","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_9_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_9_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cyanide, present in cassava, causes adverse effects on the thyroid and male reproductive functions and its poisoning generates free radical and oxidative stress. Melatonin and Vitamin C are antioxidants that improve conditions associated with oxidative stress. Aims and objectives: We evaluated the effects of melatonin and/ or Vitamin C on body weight, thyroid functions, and reproductive parameters in cyanide-enriched cassava-fortified diet (CD)-treated rats and their possible mechanisms of actions. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into six groups (n = 5 each): Group I – Control, Group II – Melatonin, Group III – Vitamin C, Group IV – CD, Group V – CD + Melatonin, and Group VI – CD + Melatonin + Vitamin C. The control received normal saline, while melatonin and Vitamin C groups were dosed orally at 15 mg/kg melatonin and 100 mg/kg Vitamin C, respectively, CD group was fed with 40% cassava-fortified diet only, while other groups received the combination of the treatments. Results: In CD-treated rats, the sperm parameters were not affected but sperm count was insignificantly increased by melatonin, while melatonin + Vitamin C significantly increased all semen parameters. Neither CD only nor co-administration with melatonin and/or Vitamin C affected plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone. The CD increased triiodothyronine (T3), but the increase was abolished by melatonin. Moreover, the CD increased thyroxine (T4), which was neither affected by melatonin alone nor its combination with Vitamin C. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were not different across all treatment groups. The CD increased the thiocyanate, which was ameliorated by melatonin but abolished by combination of melatonin and Vitamin C. The CD also decreased the total antioxidant capacity level, which was abolished by melatonin. The CD increased weight gain, thyroid hormone, and oxidative stress but had no effect on semen parameters and reproductive hormones. Conclusion: Melatonin and Vitamin C attenuate the effects of CD on weight, thyroid hormones, and oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"133 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81762441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_4_21
E. Hassan-Danboyi, A. Jimoh, A. Alhassan, T. Danboyi, Kabir Mohammed, A. Dubo, J. Haruna, Bulus Yakubu
Background: Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms underlying the onset and development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although L-citrulline possesses antioxidant effect, little or no data exist linking such effects in diabetic setting. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-citrulline on biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats 10–12 weeks old and weighing 200–250 g were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. Group I rats were fed normal diet, while diabetes was induced in the other groups with high-fat diet (HFD) and dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. Thereafter, Group III received metformin 100 mg/kg/day orally, and Groups IV, V, and VI received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day L-citrulline, respectively, for another 21 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS and values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly reversed from 42.0 ± 0.42 μmol/mL in the diabetic group to 20.7 ± 0.81, 22.2 ± 0.75 and 22.1 ± 0.39 μmol/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively. The L-citrulline remarkably ameliorated the reduction in superoxide dismutase activity noted in the diabetic group (13.0 ± 0.44 μmol/mL) at all doses (17.8 ± 0.37, 16.0 ± 0.51, and 23.7 ± 0.78 μmol/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively). Similarly, there was a corresponding significant increase in the catalase activity, especially at 400 mg/kg (13.7 ± 0.43 ng/mL) and 800 mg/kg (14.6 ± 0.54 ng/mL) compared to the diabetic group (10.8 ± 0.41 ng/mL). The marked reduction in reduced glutathione level observed in the diabetic group (22.9 ± 0.69 mg/mL) was markedly ameliorated by L-citrulline supplementation at all doses (42.9 ± 1.08, 46.4 ± 0.53, and 45.2 ± 1.00 mg/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively). Conclusion: This study shows that L-citrulline supplementation has antioxidant effects in HFD- and dexamethasone-induced T2DM in male Wistar rats.
{"title":"Antioxidant effects of L-citrulline supplementation in high-fat diet- and dexamethasone-induced Type-2 diabetes mellitus in wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"E. Hassan-Danboyi, A. Jimoh, A. Alhassan, T. Danboyi, Kabir Mohammed, A. Dubo, J. Haruna, Bulus Yakubu","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_4_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_4_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms underlying the onset and development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although L-citrulline possesses antioxidant effect, little or no data exist linking such effects in diabetic setting. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-citrulline on biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats 10–12 weeks old and weighing 200–250 g were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. Group I rats were fed normal diet, while diabetes was induced in the other groups with high-fat diet (HFD) and dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. Thereafter, Group III received metformin 100 mg/kg/day orally, and Groups IV, V, and VI received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day L-citrulline, respectively, for another 21 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS and values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly reversed from 42.0 ± 0.42 μmol/mL in the diabetic group to 20.7 ± 0.81, 22.2 ± 0.75 and 22.1 ± 0.39 μmol/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively. The L-citrulline remarkably ameliorated the reduction in superoxide dismutase activity noted in the diabetic group (13.0 ± 0.44 μmol/mL) at all doses (17.8 ± 0.37, 16.0 ± 0.51, and 23.7 ± 0.78 μmol/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively). Similarly, there was a corresponding significant increase in the catalase activity, especially at 400 mg/kg (13.7 ± 0.43 ng/mL) and 800 mg/kg (14.6 ± 0.54 ng/mL) compared to the diabetic group (10.8 ± 0.41 ng/mL). The marked reduction in reduced glutathione level observed in the diabetic group (22.9 ± 0.69 mg/mL) was markedly ameliorated by L-citrulline supplementation at all doses (42.9 ± 1.08, 46.4 ± 0.53, and 45.2 ± 1.00 mg/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively). Conclusion: This study shows that L-citrulline supplementation has antioxidant effects in HFD- and dexamethasone-induced T2DM in male Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"637 1","pages":"95 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/njecp.njecp_49_20
Igbayilola Dimeji, M. Olufemi, O. Bolanle
Background: Adequate evidence suggests that a poor in utero environment produced by early-life dietary disturbance may predispose offspring to chronic diseases in later life. It remains to be defined which of the windows of early exposure due to perinatal protein restriction (PPR) (gestation, lactation, and/or both) is more detrimental to the regulators of lipid metabolism and hepatic functions of the offspring in later life. Hence, the current study investigated the role of PPR on regulators of lipid metabolism and hepatic functions in adult offspring. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used and fed either a control (CONT) diet containing 20% protein or protein-restricted (PR) diet with 8% protein. The dams were given PR diet up to parturition (in utero group, in utero protein restriction [IUPR]), or from birth to postnatal day (PND) 21 (lactation group, lactational protein restriction [LPR]) or for a period covering both (combined protein restriction [CPR]). On PND 126, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined and Castelli indices I and II were calculated. Hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum albumin were also assessed. Results: There was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in HDL with a significant increase (P < 0.01) in TG and LDL in IUPR and CPR offspring compared with CONT. The Castelli index I was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in all PR offspring with a significant increase (P < 0.01) in Castelli index II in LPR offspring compared with CONT. HL and LPL activities reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in all PR offspring. PPR produced a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in AST with a significant elevation in ALT in all PR, while ALT heightened significantly (P < 0.01) in CPR offspring. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) was observed in albumin level in CPR offspring compared with CONT. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is evidenced that PPR at critical periods of early-life exposure blunted remarkably the actions of HL and LPL which consequently led to impairment of lipid metabolism and hepatic dysfunction.
{"title":"Adverse effects of perinatal protein restriction on regulators of lipid metabolism and hepatic function in offspring of sprague-dawley rats","authors":"Igbayilola Dimeji, M. Olufemi, O. Bolanle","doi":"10.4103/njecp.njecp_49_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njecp.njecp_49_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adequate evidence suggests that a poor in utero environment produced by early-life dietary disturbance may predispose offspring to chronic diseases in later life. It remains to be defined which of the windows of early exposure due to perinatal protein restriction (PPR) (gestation, lactation, and/or both) is more detrimental to the regulators of lipid metabolism and hepatic functions of the offspring in later life. Hence, the current study investigated the role of PPR on regulators of lipid metabolism and hepatic functions in adult offspring. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used and fed either a control (CONT) diet containing 20% protein or protein-restricted (PR) diet with 8% protein. The dams were given PR diet up to parturition (in utero group, in utero protein restriction [IUPR]), or from birth to postnatal day (PND) 21 (lactation group, lactational protein restriction [LPR]) or for a period covering both (combined protein restriction [CPR]). On PND 126, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined and Castelli indices I and II were calculated. Hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum albumin were also assessed. Results: There was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in HDL with a significant increase (P < 0.01) in TG and LDL in IUPR and CPR offspring compared with CONT. The Castelli index I was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in all PR offspring with a significant increase (P < 0.01) in Castelli index II in LPR offspring compared with CONT. HL and LPL activities reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in all PR offspring. PPR produced a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in AST with a significant elevation in ALT in all PR, while ALT heightened significantly (P < 0.01) in CPR offspring. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) was observed in albumin level in CPR offspring compared with CONT. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is evidenced that PPR at critical periods of early-life exposure blunted remarkably the actions of HL and LPL which consequently led to impairment of lipid metabolism and hepatic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":19420,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences","volume":"106 49","pages":"74 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91407927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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