The move towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns is a goal shared by a large part of society. In the oil-mill sector, whether it be animal feed or human food, this development should make it possible to improve the protein autonomy of the territories and to use proteins more efficiently. Current methods make some of the rapeseed proteins indigestible and leave most of the undesirable compounds from the seeds in resulting meals. Residual oil, fibrous envelopes, glucosinolates, phytic acid, phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides, as well as overcooking, however, have negative effects on the value of proteins. An important part of the article is devoted to reviewing these effects. Their extraction, combined with milder heat treatments, would provide excellent quality proteins to the market and generate value for the entire value chain. Efficient dehulling and mechanical extraction would be the prerequisites for this development. An ethanolic extraction revisited to exploit the secondary metabolites would then complete this process with, however, a limited effect on phytic acid. All these technologies have the advantage of not posing major acceptability problems. This development requires new investments in applied research to make this new approach to processing oilseeds possible and efficient.
{"title":"Reinventing the oilseeds processing to extract oil while preserving the protein","authors":"P. Carré","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021001","url":null,"abstract":"The move towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns is a goal shared by a large part of society. In the oil-mill sector, whether it be animal feed or human food, this development should make it possible to improve the protein autonomy of the territories and to use proteins more efficiently. Current methods make some of the rapeseed proteins indigestible and leave most of the undesirable compounds from the seeds in resulting meals. Residual oil, fibrous envelopes, glucosinolates, phytic acid, phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides, as well as overcooking, however, have negative effects on the value of proteins. An important part of the article is devoted to reviewing these effects. Their extraction, combined with milder heat treatments, would provide excellent quality proteins to the market and generate value for the entire value chain. Efficient dehulling and mechanical extraction would be the prerequisites for this development. An ethanolic extraction revisited to exploit the secondary metabolites would then complete this process with, however, a limited effect on phytic acid. All these technologies have the advantage of not posing major acceptability problems. This development requires new investments in applied research to make this new approach to processing oilseeds possible and efficient.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78110542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sustainable pest management in agro-ecosystems requires parallel assessments of pesticide and natural compounds to control target pests. In the present study, a semi-field experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of abamectin (Abamax), humic acid, and Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) against four soybean pests: Tetranychus urticae, Eutetranychus orientalis, Bemisia tabaci, and Phenacoccus solenopsis. The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, where treatments were assigned to main plots and pest populations under different periods in the subplots. The obtained results and graphs demonstrated that there were considerable differences between the total numbers of pests after different periods of treatment. Generally, E. orientalis recorded the minimum pest number at all. Different tested compounds demonstrated a considerable correlation between the densities of the pests. T. urticae exhibited a significant correlation with the other three pests (E. orientalis, B. tabaci, and P. solenopsis). E. orientalis did not correlate with B. tabaci and P. solenopsis. The humic acid recorded the best effect on T. urticae after 3 days with a reduction of 85.45% and E. orientalis after 7 days 65.55%. However, Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) was the best for E. orientalis after 14 days (mortality 74.36%). In contrast, abamectin (Abamax) had a general mean of reduction of 91.17% against T. urticae, whenever, these compounds are promising for controlling T. urticae, E. orientalis, B. tabaci, and P. solenopsis. These results may be a supporting method to overcome some soybean pests. The findings are discussed within the context of integrated management of soybean pests under semi-field conditions.
{"title":"Relative toxicity of two natural compounds compared to abamectin against some soybean pests under period rates","authors":"Hala H. Al-Akhdar, Zeinab E. Ghareeb","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021018","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainable pest management in agro-ecosystems requires parallel assessments of pesticide and natural compounds to control target pests. In the present study, a semi-field experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of abamectin (Abamax), humic acid, and Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) against four soybean pests: Tetranychus urticae, Eutetranychus orientalis, Bemisia tabaci, and Phenacoccus solenopsis. The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, where treatments were assigned to main plots and pest populations under different periods in the subplots. The obtained results and graphs demonstrated that there were considerable differences between the total numbers of pests after different periods of treatment. Generally, E. orientalis recorded the minimum pest number at all. Different tested compounds demonstrated a considerable correlation between the densities of the pests. T. urticae exhibited a significant correlation with the other three pests (E. orientalis, B. tabaci, and P. solenopsis). E. orientalis did not correlate with B. tabaci and P. solenopsis. The humic acid recorded the best effect on T. urticae after 3 days with a reduction of 85.45% and E. orientalis after 7 days 65.55%. However, Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) was the best for E. orientalis after 14 days (mortality 74.36%). In contrast, abamectin (Abamax) had a general mean of reduction of 91.17% against T. urticae, whenever, these compounds are promising for controlling T. urticae, E. orientalis, B. tabaci, and P. solenopsis. These results may be a supporting method to overcome some soybean pests. The findings are discussed within the context of integrated management of soybean pests under semi-field conditions.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74682654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Meretukov, Evgeny P. Koshevoy, I. Shorstkii, C. Okpala
The introduction of extruders, in particular how it works and its principles, must be started from the definition of the extrusion process, the description of its development and types, as well as its functions and advantages. In order to understand the process of extrusion technology, it is necessary to go into detailed descriptions and discussions together with theoretical insights of the subject. In the present article, we discuss a theoretical perspective of production of porous granules from oil crops by extrusion technology. Let’s divide this theoretical perspective into three steps. At first, we study the modeling of statics of oil crop mix compressibility together with carbon dioxide. At second, we study the heat exchange and phase transformation during the stroke of oil crop extruder filled with CO2. At third, we observe the deformation of the oil crops during the extrusion process. There is a probability that extrusion process of oil crop mix with the hard phase of carbon dioxide provides technological way that does not overheat the cellular structure. Potentially, the equation of Van der Waals is able to describe the change in volume of oil crops, which may be related with range of factors associated with volume expansion, calculated by equations as the expansion of granule material takes place at the outlet of extruder matrix. The extrusion processing of a mix of oil crops and carbon dioxide in hard phase at initial stage may likely occur as temperature declines. The resulting values show good compliance of theoretical results to experimental data on the example of coriander seeds.
{"title":"Porous granules formation from oil crops by extrusion process: a theoretical perspective","authors":"Z. Meretukov, Evgeny P. Koshevoy, I. Shorstkii, C. Okpala","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021032","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of extruders, in particular how it works and its principles, must be started from the definition of the extrusion process, the description of its development and types, as well as its functions and advantages. In order to understand the process of extrusion technology, it is necessary to go into detailed descriptions and discussions together with theoretical insights of the subject. In the present article, we discuss a theoretical perspective of production of porous granules from oil crops by extrusion technology. Let’s divide this theoretical perspective into three steps. At first, we study the modeling of statics of oil crop mix compressibility together with carbon dioxide. At second, we study the heat exchange and phase transformation during the stroke of oil crop extruder filled with CO2. At third, we observe the deformation of the oil crops during the extrusion process. There is a probability that extrusion process of oil crop mix with the hard phase of carbon dioxide provides technological way that does not overheat the cellular structure. Potentially, the equation of Van der Waals is able to describe the change in volume of oil crops, which may be related with range of factors associated with volume expansion, calculated by equations as the expansion of granule material takes place at the outlet of extruder matrix. The extrusion processing of a mix of oil crops and carbon dioxide in hard phase at initial stage may likely occur as temperature declines. The resulting values show good compliance of theoretical results to experimental data on the example of coriander seeds.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79013745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meriem El Harfi, Jamal Charafi, Karim Houmanat, H. Hanine, A. Nabloussi
There is a need for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) breeding in Morocco to release performant and adapted varieties, which requires a large genetic variability in the germplasm to be used. In this context, genetic diversity of sesame populations from different locations in Tadla area was investigated using ISSR (Inter Sequence Simple Repeats) markers as a simple method to reveal polymorphism among them. A total of 130 individuals representing 31 populations were sampled. Twenty-four ISSR primers were used for analysis of individuals representing the 31 different sesame populations grown in different agroclimatic zones of Tadla, accounting for 90% of sesame cultivation area in Morocco. Indeed, seven primers showed legible and reproducible genomic profiles with an interesting number of bands. A total of 57 bands were obtained with ISSR primers, of which 47 were polymorphic. PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) ranged from 0.002 to 0.350, showing that ISSR markers are informative and relevant for discriminating the populations evaluated. The similarity coefficient of ISSR data ranged from 0.509 to 1, with an average of 0.870. The results obtained showed that Moroccan sesame populations are characterized by a low genetic diversity, suggesting a genetic proximity among them. Therefore, new germplasm should be either introduced from diverse geographical origins or created through mutagenesis breeding in order to broaden the existing genetic variability.
{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity in Moroccan sesame (Sesamum indicum) using ISSR molecular markers","authors":"Meriem El Harfi, Jamal Charafi, Karim Houmanat, H. Hanine, A. Nabloussi","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2020072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2020072","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) breeding in Morocco to release performant and adapted varieties, which requires a large genetic variability in the germplasm to be used. In this context, genetic diversity of sesame populations from different locations in Tadla area was investigated using ISSR (Inter Sequence Simple Repeats) markers as a simple method to reveal polymorphism among them. A total of 130 individuals representing 31 populations were sampled. Twenty-four ISSR primers were used for analysis of individuals representing the 31 different sesame populations grown in different agroclimatic zones of Tadla, accounting for 90% of sesame cultivation area in Morocco. Indeed, seven primers showed legible and reproducible genomic profiles with an interesting number of bands. A total of 57 bands were obtained with ISSR primers, of which 47 were polymorphic. PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) ranged from 0.002 to 0.350, showing that ISSR markers are informative and relevant for discriminating the populations evaluated. The similarity coefficient of ISSR data ranged from 0.509 to 1, with an average of 0.870. The results obtained showed that Moroccan sesame populations are characterized by a low genetic diversity, suggesting a genetic proximity among them. Therefore, new germplasm should be either introduced from diverse geographical origins or created through mutagenesis breeding in order to broaden the existing genetic variability.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73533694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial-based biodiesel is produced by transesterification of lipids extracted from microbial cells, and is considered as a potential replacement of fossil fuel due to its advantages in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most studied oleaginous yeasts able to produce lipids under some fermentation conditions and is considered as a potential industrial host for biodiesel production. Several approaches have been evaluated to increase the economical attraction of biodiesel production from Y. lipolytica lipids. In this review, we highlighted the different strategies reported in the literature, allowing this yeast to achieve high lipid accumulation. These include metabolic engineering strategies, the use of low-cost effective substrates, and the optimization of the cultivation conditions for higher lipid productivity and less operating cost. We also summarized the most effective cell disruption technologies that improve the extraction efficiencies of lipids from Y. lipolytica.
{"title":"Strategies for increasing lipid accumulation and recovery from Y. lipolytica: A review","authors":"S. El Kantar, A. Khelfa, E. Vorobiev, M. Koubaa","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021038","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial-based biodiesel is produced by transesterification of lipids extracted from microbial cells, and is considered as a potential replacement of fossil fuel due to its advantages in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most studied oleaginous yeasts able to produce lipids under some fermentation conditions and is considered as a potential industrial host for biodiesel production. Several approaches have been evaluated to increase the economical attraction of biodiesel production from Y. lipolytica lipids. In this review, we highlighted the different strategies reported in the literature, allowing this yeast to achieve high lipid accumulation. These include metabolic engineering strategies, the use of low-cost effective substrates, and the optimization of the cultivation conditions for higher lipid productivity and less operating cost. We also summarized the most effective cell disruption technologies that improve the extraction efficiencies of lipids from Y. lipolytica.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77253951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After paying homage to the work of E. Chevreul, Prof. Robert Gibson went on in a lighthearted way to find similarities in the way they both approached their respective fields of research, as well as their way of life. Prof. Robert Gibson, who was awarded the 2021 Chevreul Medal, reported that “his huge delight was to witness the massive growth of lipid research and to have played a role in elucidating the role of dietary fats in the health of mothers and their babies”. Prof. Gibson highlighted some of the major results he collected from Australian clinical studies conducted on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on the health outcomes of mothers and their infants. He first discussed the role of fish oil on visual acuity of babies and demonstrated that infant formulas supplying more than 1% of linolenic acid (ALA) seemed adequate to ensure optimal visual and cognitive development of term infants. However, in preterm infants, whether there is a specific need for DHA above the benefit provided by ALA, still needs to be clarified. He reported a small beneficial impact on the cognitive development of preterm infants receiving DHA enriched breast milk of their mothers (1% of total fatty acids). He then discussed data from his large randomised clinical trials conducted on pregnant women receiving a DHA dietary treatment (800 mg/d DHA) or placebo, that suggested that DHA may decrease the risk of preterm birth (DOMInO trial, 2400 women). This effect was confirmed in the ORIP trial (5400 women) which found that preterm birth could be prevented by a DHA supplement treatment mainly in women with a singleton pregnancy who had a low omega-3 status in the first trimester. In the last part of his review, Robert Gibson described the use of a new low cost, rapid and efficient method to monitor changes in blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids with clinical outcomes: the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology. The validation of this technique has been demonstrated in large trials like N3RO and ORIP involving large cohorts of women, which could not have been obtained easily by classical analysis of lipids. He went on to point out that free fatty acids (generally not explored despite their importance in many metabolic disorders) and oxylipins, are both stable and easily identified when they are preserved in a dry state on a paper matrix (DBS), thus opening new fields of research. To conclude, the major impact of Prof. Robert Gibson’s work was identifying and overcoming one of the causes of early preterm birth (omega-3 deficiency), developing a tool to rapidly assess omega-3 status (the DBS technique) that together is close to being implemented into the world health system.
{"title":"Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition","authors":"Robert Gibson","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021034","url":null,"abstract":"After paying homage to the work of E. Chevreul, Prof. Robert Gibson went on in a lighthearted way to find similarities in the way they both approached their respective fields of research, as well as their way of life. Prof. Robert Gibson, who was awarded the 2021 Chevreul Medal, reported that “his huge delight was to witness the massive growth of lipid research and to have played a role in elucidating the role of dietary fats in the health of mothers and their babies”. Prof. Gibson highlighted some of the major results he collected from Australian clinical studies conducted on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on the health outcomes of mothers and their infants. He first discussed the role of fish oil on visual acuity of babies and demonstrated that infant formulas supplying more than 1% of linolenic acid (ALA) seemed adequate to ensure optimal visual and cognitive development of term infants. However, in preterm infants, whether there is a specific need for DHA above the benefit provided by ALA, still needs to be clarified. He reported a small beneficial impact on the cognitive development of preterm infants receiving DHA enriched breast milk of their mothers (1% of total fatty acids). He then discussed data from his large randomised clinical trials conducted on pregnant women receiving a DHA dietary treatment (800 mg/d DHA) or placebo, that suggested that DHA may decrease the risk of preterm birth (DOMInO trial, 2400 women). This effect was confirmed in the ORIP trial (5400 women) which found that preterm birth could be prevented by a DHA supplement treatment mainly in women with a singleton pregnancy who had a low omega-3 status in the first trimester. In the last part of his review, Robert Gibson described the use of a new low cost, rapid and efficient method to monitor changes in blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids with clinical outcomes: the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology. The validation of this technique has been demonstrated in large trials like N3RO and ORIP involving large cohorts of women, which could not have been obtained easily by classical analysis of lipids. He went on to point out that free fatty acids (generally not explored despite their importance in many metabolic disorders) and oxylipins, are both stable and easily identified when they are preserved in a dry state on a paper matrix (DBS), thus opening new fields of research. To conclude, the major impact of Prof. Robert Gibson’s work was identifying and overcoming one of the causes of early preterm birth (omega-3 deficiency), developing a tool to rapidly assess omega-3 status (the DBS technique) that together is close to being implemented into the world health system.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91406361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kaltsa, A. Alibade, Georgia Batra, Eleni Bozinou, D. Makris, S. Lalas
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physical and antioxidant properties of microemulsions containing Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) produced by the means of a deep eutectic solvent. Selected microemulsions containing MLE were incorporated in chocolate products to enrich them. Their color properties including CIE L*, a*, b* parameters and whitening index (WI) along with DPPH radical scavenging activity were assessed during a period of 8 months. The antioxidant activity of microemulsions depended on the oil phase used, while it was unaffected by the concentration of MLE. Samples prepared with soybean oil as oil phase containing MLE presented the highest radical inhibition percentage (I% = 26.8–27.8%). Coconut microemulsions were finally incorporated at 2 and 4% w/w concentration into chocolate products, as coconut oil is a known cocoa butter substitute. Although the incorporation of MLE microemulsions did not affect the color properties of most of the chocolates, enriched products did not exhibit superior antioxidant activity compared to control samples.
{"title":"Fortification of chocolate using Moringa oleifera extract encapsulated in microemulsions","authors":"O. Kaltsa, A. Alibade, Georgia Batra, Eleni Bozinou, D. Makris, S. Lalas","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021026","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physical and antioxidant properties of microemulsions containing Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) produced by the means of a deep eutectic solvent. Selected microemulsions containing MLE were incorporated in chocolate products to enrich them. Their color properties including CIE L*, a*, b* parameters and whitening index (WI) along with DPPH radical scavenging activity were assessed during a period of 8 months. The antioxidant activity of microemulsions depended on the oil phase used, while it was unaffected by the concentration of MLE. Samples prepared with soybean oil as oil phase containing MLE presented the highest radical inhibition percentage (I% = 26.8–27.8%). Coconut microemulsions were finally incorporated at 2 and 4% w/w concentration into chocolate products, as coconut oil is a known cocoa butter substitute. Although the incorporation of MLE microemulsions did not affect the color properties of most of the chocolates, enriched products did not exhibit superior antioxidant activity compared to control samples.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78990649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Salas, Miguel A. Bootello, Enrique Martínez-Force, Mónica Venegas Calerón, R. Garcés
Regular sunflower oil is rich in linoleic acid. To improve its properties for different applications several genotypes with modified fatty acid compositions have been developed. Amongst them, the most remarkable have been high oleic and high stearic types. High stearic sunflower lines reported to date have been produced by traditional methods of breeding and mutagenesis. The mutations affected the expression of enzymes responsible for stearate desaturation in developing seeds. This trait has been combined with standard and high oleic backgrounds, giving high stearic lines with high contents of linoleic or oleic acids and thus different physical properties, increasing their functionality and potential applications. Nevertheless, for applications requiring plastic or confectionery fats, the oils have to be fractionated to obtain derived fats and butters with higher levels of solids. In the present review we present recent advances for the above mentioned topics related to high stearic sunflower oils.
{"title":"High stearic sunflower oil: Latest advances and applications","authors":"J. Salas, Miguel A. Bootello, Enrique Martínez-Force, Mónica Venegas Calerón, R. Garcés","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021022","url":null,"abstract":"Regular sunflower oil is rich in linoleic acid. To improve its properties for different applications several genotypes with modified fatty acid compositions have been developed. Amongst them, the most remarkable have been high oleic and high stearic types. High stearic sunflower lines reported to date have been produced by traditional methods of breeding and mutagenesis. The mutations affected the expression of enzymes responsible for stearate desaturation in developing seeds. This trait has been combined with standard and high oleic backgrounds, giving high stearic lines with high contents of linoleic or oleic acids and thus different physical properties, increasing their functionality and potential applications. Nevertheless, for applications requiring plastic or confectionery fats, the oils have to be fractionated to obtain derived fats and butters with higher levels of solids. In the present review we present recent advances for the above mentioned topics related to high stearic sunflower oils.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79172080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vegetable oil extraction process from seeds and nuts depends on mechanical and solvent (usually n-hexane) extractions. Despite the efficiency of n-hexane, its use is nowadays questioned due to health, environmental, and technological issues. As an alternative to hexane extraction, several greener solvents and extraction techniques have been developed and tested during the last decades. Among these alternatives, the Surfactant-Aqueous Extraction Process (SAEP) appears as a promising method. Initially developed for the petroleum sector, this method was then tested and optimized for vegetable oil extraction. Successful implementations at the laboratory scale led to slightly more than 90% oil yield, mainly by using so-called “extended surfactants”. Compare to conventional surfactants, these surfactants can efficiently solubilize a large amount of vegetable oil in water, despite the structural diversity and the bulkiness of vegetable oil molecules. The present review is devoted to extended surfactant applications to SAEP. This review summarizes and discusses the main findings related to the extended surfactant structures and properties, as well as the main experimental results on the SAEP, and the advantages and the current limitations towards a scaling-up of this promising process.
{"title":"Extended surfactants and their tailored applications for vegetable oils extraction: An overview","authors":"Yancie Gagnon, H. Mhemdi, F. Delbecq, E. Hecke","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2020062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2020062","url":null,"abstract":"The vegetable oil extraction process from seeds and nuts depends on mechanical and solvent (usually n-hexane) extractions. Despite the efficiency of n-hexane, its use is nowadays questioned due to health, environmental, and technological issues. As an alternative to hexane extraction, several greener solvents and extraction techniques have been developed and tested during the last decades. Among these alternatives, the Surfactant-Aqueous Extraction Process (SAEP) appears as a promising method. Initially developed for the petroleum sector, this method was then tested and optimized for vegetable oil extraction. Successful implementations at the laboratory scale led to slightly more than 90% oil yield, mainly by using so-called “extended surfactants”. Compare to conventional surfactants, these surfactants can efficiently solubilize a large amount of vegetable oil in water, despite the structural diversity and the bulkiness of vegetable oil molecules. The present review is devoted to extended surfactant applications to SAEP. This review summarizes and discusses the main findings related to the extended surfactant structures and properties, as well as the main experimental results on the SAEP, and the advantages and the current limitations towards a scaling-up of this promising process.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smallholder oilseed production constitutes a crucial component of rural economies and continues to face the consequences of a changing climate despite the increased levels of vulnerability. This paper assesses how smallholder oilseed farmers’ adaptive capacity in Limpopo is enhanced through various institutional support schemes within the context of increased climate extremes and their need to sustain production. Six hundred farmers were interviewed across three agro-ecological zones of Limpopo Province. Results show that some of the institutions’ current operations aimed at providing support to farmers do not adequately satisfy the farmers’ needs. A strong linear relationship was observed between the number of support types received by farmers and grain yield, suggesting that farmers who received more support types were relatively less vulnerable. Educational support is ranked as the most significant contributor to enhancing farmers’ adaptive capacity. This emphasizes the need for proper linkages between farmers’ choices of adaptive methods and the types of support needed. Therefore, this study provided a diagnosis of the gaps in essential types of institutional support needed to increase farmers’ resilience, which can be used as an input to beef up the policy and positioning to improve the adaptive capacity.
{"title":"Examining the role of institutional support in enhancing smallholder oilseed producers’ adaptability to climate change in Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"Priscilla Ntuchu Kephe, B. Petja, K. Ayisi","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021004","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder oilseed production constitutes a crucial component of rural economies and continues to face the consequences of a changing climate despite the increased levels of vulnerability. This paper assesses how smallholder oilseed farmers’ adaptive capacity in Limpopo is enhanced through various institutional support schemes within the context of increased climate extremes and their need to sustain production. Six hundred farmers were interviewed across three agro-ecological zones of Limpopo Province. Results show that some of the institutions’ current operations aimed at providing support to farmers do not adequately satisfy the farmers’ needs. A strong linear relationship was observed between the number of support types received by farmers and grain yield, suggesting that farmers who received more support types were relatively less vulnerable. Educational support is ranked as the most significant contributor to enhancing farmers’ adaptive capacity. This emphasizes the need for proper linkages between farmers’ choices of adaptive methods and the types of support needed. Therefore, this study provided a diagnosis of the gaps in essential types of institutional support needed to increase farmers’ resilience, which can be used as an input to beef up the policy and positioning to improve the adaptive capacity.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89107025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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