Coratina is a very popular olive cultivar, native of the Apulian region (Italy), but today worldwide cultivated and appreciated. In the present study, durability of Coratina monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (CMOO), produced in the Molise region (Southern Italy), was investigated up to 6-years storage in metal tin cans, under room temperature and darkness. Durability was considered the storage time in which an oil remained food grade. Yearly, the free fatty acids, peroxide value, K232 and K270 indices, fatty acid composition, diacylglycerols, phenolic profile and Rancimat induction time at 130 °C were determined on the oil. Free fatty acids and peroxide value increased linearly over time but never surpassing the European limits set for the EVOO category. Conversely, K232 and K270 exceeded the EVOO limits after five and four years, respectively. A linear decrease of phenolic compounds was observed with direct effect on the oil oxidative stability measured by Rancimat test. In conclusion, despite some signs of aging, the CMOO highlighted a remarkable long durability being food-grade up to 6-years.
{"title":"Exceptional long-term durability of Coratina monovarietal extra virgin olive oil evaluated through chemical parameters and oxidative stability test","authors":"Vincenzo Macciola, A. De Leonardis","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2022014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022014","url":null,"abstract":"Coratina is a very popular olive cultivar, native of the Apulian region (Italy), but today worldwide cultivated and appreciated. In the present study, durability of Coratina monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (CMOO), produced in the Molise region (Southern Italy), was investigated up to 6-years storage in metal tin cans, under room temperature and darkness. Durability was considered the storage time in which an oil remained food grade. Yearly, the free fatty acids, peroxide value, K232 and K270 indices, fatty acid composition, diacylglycerols, phenolic profile and Rancimat induction time at 130 °C were determined on the oil. Free fatty acids and peroxide value increased linearly over time but never surpassing the European limits set for the EVOO category. Conversely, K232 and K270 exceeded the EVOO limits after five and four years, respectively. A linear decrease of phenolic compounds was observed with direct effect on the oil oxidative stability measured by Rancimat test. In conclusion, despite some signs of aging, the CMOO highlighted a remarkable long durability being food-grade up to 6-years.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75962286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Ibourki, Hasnae Ait Bouzid, Laila Bijla, R. Aissa, E. Sakar, Tarik Ainane, S. Gharby, Abdellatif El Hammadi
This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate physical fruit traits, proximate composition, elemental content, and fatty acid profiling of almond kernels from ten genotypes (sweet and bitter) grown under various agro-ecological conditions (Tafraout, Igherm, Taliouine, Tiznit and Essaouira) in southern Morocco. During the ripening stage, samples (almond kernels) belonging to these genotypes were subjected to physical fruits measurements (weight, length, width, and thickness). Proximate composition determination (crude protein, crude oil, ash and moisture) was carried out on the powder of kernels for each genotype. Carbohydrates as well as energy value were calculated. Elemental profiling of almond kernels consisted of ten macro and microelements was determined as well as the fatty acids composition of almond extracted oil. The results of this study showed wide variations among the investigated genotypes in terms of crude protein (17.14 ± 2.14 to 25.12 ± 1.23 g/100 g), oil content (51.12 ± 2.99 to 56.26 ± 3.22 g/100 g), ash content (5.11 ± 0.45 to 6.79 ± 0.52 g/100 g), moisture content (2.55 ± 0.38 to 4.34 ± 1.16 g/100 g), carbohydrates (13.34 ± 1.54 to 18.59 ± 2.22 g/100 g) and energy value (549.80 ± 37.04 to 591.03 ± 38.56 kcal/100 g DM). A similar trend was observed in the case of mineral profiling. K (9796.08 ± 793.49 to 14 197.84 ± 1150.03 mg/kg) was the major mineral in all genotypes. This was followed by P (8190.75 ± 663.46 to 11 061.68 ± 895.96 mg/kg), Ca (3067.53 ± 248.47 to 5404.93 ± 437.79 mg/kg) and Mg (4002.85 ± 324.22 to 5101.72 ± 413.23 mg/kg), while Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and B were detected in small quantities. Our results revealed six fatty acids with a dominance of oleic acid, which varied widely among the studied genotypes and extraction technique. Solvent extraction performed better in terms of oil content. The studied genotypes showed a great pomological potential that could be exploited for their fruits such as for breeding purposes.
{"title":"Physical fruit traits, proximate composition, fatty acid and elemental profiling of almond [Prunus dulcis Mill. DA Webb] kernels from ten genotypes grown in southern Morocco","authors":"Mohamed Ibourki, Hasnae Ait Bouzid, Laila Bijla, R. Aissa, E. Sakar, Tarik Ainane, S. Gharby, Abdellatif El Hammadi","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2022002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022002","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate physical fruit traits, proximate composition, elemental content, and fatty acid profiling of almond kernels from ten genotypes (sweet and bitter) grown under various agro-ecological conditions (Tafraout, Igherm, Taliouine, Tiznit and Essaouira) in southern Morocco. During the ripening stage, samples (almond kernels) belonging to these genotypes were subjected to physical fruits measurements (weight, length, width, and thickness). Proximate composition determination (crude protein, crude oil, ash and moisture) was carried out on the powder of kernels for each genotype. Carbohydrates as well as energy value were calculated. Elemental profiling of almond kernels consisted of ten macro and microelements was determined as well as the fatty acids composition of almond extracted oil. The results of this study showed wide variations among the investigated genotypes in terms of crude protein (17.14 ± 2.14 to 25.12 ± 1.23 g/100 g), oil content (51.12 ± 2.99 to 56.26 ± 3.22 g/100 g), ash content (5.11 ± 0.45 to 6.79 ± 0.52 g/100 g), moisture content (2.55 ± 0.38 to 4.34 ± 1.16 g/100 g), carbohydrates (13.34 ± 1.54 to 18.59 ± 2.22 g/100 g) and energy value (549.80 ± 37.04 to 591.03 ± 38.56 kcal/100 g DM). A similar trend was observed in the case of mineral profiling. K (9796.08 ± 793.49 to 14 197.84 ± 1150.03 mg/kg) was the major mineral in all genotypes. This was followed by P (8190.75 ± 663.46 to 11 061.68 ± 895.96 mg/kg), Ca (3067.53 ± 248.47 to 5404.93 ± 437.79 mg/kg) and Mg (4002.85 ± 324.22 to 5101.72 ± 413.23 mg/kg), while Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and B were detected in small quantities. Our results revealed six fatty acids with a dominance of oleic acid, which varied widely among the studied genotypes and extraction technique. Solvent extraction performed better in terms of oil content. The studied genotypes showed a great pomological potential that could be exploited for their fruits such as for breeding purposes.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91228641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic peptides can treat a wide variety of diseases with selective and potent action. Their oral bioavailability is strongly limited by an important proteolytic activity in the intestinal lumen and poor permeation across the intestinal border. We have evaluated the capacity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to overcome both oral bioavailability limiting aspects, using leuprolide (LEU) as model peptide. Lipidization of LEU by formation of a hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) with sodium docusate enables a significant increase of peptide encapsulation efficiency in both SLN and NLC. The nanocarriers, obtained by high-pressure homogenization, measured 120 nm and were platelet shaped. Regarding the protective effect towards proteolytic degradation, only NLC maintained LEU integrity in presence of trypsin. Intestinal transport, evaluated on Caco-2 (enterocyte-like model) and Caco-2/HT29-MTX (mucin-secreting model) monolayers, showed nanocarriers internalization by enterocytes but no improvement of LEU permeability. Indeed, the combination of nanoparticles platelet-shape with the poor stability of the HIP in the transport medium induces a high burst release of the peptide, limiting nanoparticles capacity to transport LEU across the intestinal border. Stability of peptide lipidization needs to be improved to withstand biorelevant medium to benefit from the advantages of encapsulation in solid lipid nanocarriers and consequently improve their oral bioavailability.
{"title":"Lipid-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of peptides","authors":"Camille Dumont","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021040","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic peptides can treat a wide variety of diseases with selective and potent action. Their oral bioavailability is strongly limited by an important proteolytic activity in the intestinal lumen and poor permeation across the intestinal border. We have evaluated the capacity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to overcome both oral bioavailability limiting aspects, using leuprolide (LEU) as model peptide. Lipidization of LEU by formation of a hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) with sodium docusate enables a significant increase of peptide encapsulation efficiency in both SLN and NLC. The nanocarriers, obtained by high-pressure homogenization, measured 120 nm and were platelet shaped. Regarding the protective effect towards proteolytic degradation, only NLC maintained LEU integrity in presence of trypsin. Intestinal transport, evaluated on Caco-2 (enterocyte-like model) and Caco-2/HT29-MTX (mucin-secreting model) monolayers, showed nanocarriers internalization by enterocytes but no improvement of LEU permeability. Indeed, the combination of nanoparticles platelet-shape with the poor stability of the HIP in the transport medium induces a high burst release of the peptide, limiting nanoparticles capacity to transport LEU across the intestinal border. Stability of peptide lipidization needs to be improved to withstand biorelevant medium to benefit from the advantages of encapsulation in solid lipid nanocarriers and consequently improve their oral bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85427993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. K. Ahmad Bustamam, C. Yeoh, N. Sulaiman, M. H. Saw
The quality of Malaysian palm stearin was monitored through a twelve-month survey in 2018, by participation of palm oil refineries and oleochemical plants from Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Quality parameters requirement as listed in the Palm Oil Refinery Association of Malaysia (PORAM) specification such as moisture, impurities, free fatty acids, slip melting point, peroxide value and iodine value were determined. Other identity characteristics analyses as detailed in the palm stearin specification namely Malaysian Standard MS 815:2007 and Codex Alimentarius CXS 210-1999 documents were also analyzed, which were apparent density, refractive index, fatty acids composition, triacylglycerols, etc. Results obtained from this survey indicated that the quality of Malaysian palm stearin complied with the requirements specified in MS 815:2007 and Codex CXS 210-1999 documents. The iodine value determined was ranged from 28 g I2/100 g oil to 48 g I2/100 g oil, with 60.9% of the palm stearin tested were in the range of 30 g I2/100 g oil to 35 g I2/100 g oil. Meanwhile, some deviations are found in the average of parameter such as refractive index, apparent density, slip melting point, oleic and palmitic acids of the palm stearin produced. These deviations could be due to the improvement in current fractionation technologies causing less olein entrainment in stearin products, which resulted of harder stearin fraction in the sample itself, giving a more representative reading of the parameters.
{"title":"Evaluation on the quality of Malaysian refined palm stearin","authors":"F. K. Ahmad Bustamam, C. Yeoh, N. Sulaiman, M. H. Saw","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2022030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022030","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of Malaysian palm stearin was monitored through a twelve-month survey in 2018, by participation of palm oil refineries and oleochemical plants from Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Quality parameters requirement as listed in the Palm Oil Refinery Association of Malaysia (PORAM) specification such as moisture, impurities, free fatty acids, slip melting point, peroxide value and iodine value were determined. Other identity characteristics analyses as detailed in the palm stearin specification namely Malaysian Standard MS 815:2007 and Codex Alimentarius CXS 210-1999 documents were also analyzed, which were apparent density, refractive index, fatty acids composition, triacylglycerols, etc. Results obtained from this survey indicated that the quality of Malaysian palm stearin complied with the requirements specified in MS 815:2007 and Codex CXS 210-1999 documents. The iodine value determined was ranged from 28 g I2/100 g oil to 48 g I2/100 g oil, with 60.9% of the palm stearin tested were in the range of 30 g I2/100 g oil to 35 g I2/100 g oil. Meanwhile, some deviations are found in the average of parameter such as refractive index, apparent density, slip melting point, oleic and palmitic acids of the palm stearin produced. These deviations could be due to the improvement in current fractionation technologies causing less olein entrainment in stearin products, which resulted of harder stearin fraction in the sample itself, giving a more representative reading of the parameters.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapeseed is the third-largest source of plant oil and one of the essential oil plants worldwide. Cold stress is one of the critical factors that affect plant yield. Therefore, improving cold stress tolerance is necessary for yield increase. The present study investigated BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes’ expression behavior in a tolerant and sensitive cultivar under cold stress (4 °C). Besides, protein-protein interaction networks of CATs and CSDs enzymes, and their association with other antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. Moreover, the microRNAs targeting BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes were predicted. This study indicated many direct and indirect interactions and the association between the components of the plant antioxidant system. However, not only did the CATs and CSDs enzymes have a relationship with each other, but they also interacted directly with ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. Also, 23 and 35 effective microRNAs were predicted for BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes, respectively. The gene expression results indicated an elevated expression of BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 in both tolerant and sensitive cultivars. However, this increase was more noticeable in the tolerant cultivar. Thus, the BnCSD1 gene had the highest expression in the early hour of cold stress, especially in the 12th h, and the BnCAT1 gene showed the highest expression in the 48th h. This result may indicate a functional relationship between these enzymes.
{"title":"Evaluation of expression changes, proteins interaction network, and microRNAs targeting catalase and superoxide dismutase genes under cold stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Mohammad.M Taghvaei, H. Lahiji, M. M. Golfazani","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021051","url":null,"abstract":"Rapeseed is the third-largest source of plant oil and one of the essential oil plants worldwide. Cold stress is one of the critical factors that affect plant yield. Therefore, improving cold stress tolerance is necessary for yield increase. The present study investigated BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes’ expression behavior in a tolerant and sensitive cultivar under cold stress (4 °C). Besides, protein-protein interaction networks of CATs and CSDs enzymes, and their association with other antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. Moreover, the microRNAs targeting BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes were predicted. This study indicated many direct and indirect interactions and the association between the components of the plant antioxidant system. However, not only did the CATs and CSDs enzymes have a relationship with each other, but they also interacted directly with ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. Also, 23 and 35 effective microRNAs were predicted for BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes, respectively. The gene expression results indicated an elevated expression of BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 in both tolerant and sensitive cultivars. However, this increase was more noticeable in the tolerant cultivar. Thus, the BnCSD1 gene had the highest expression in the early hour of cold stress, especially in the 12th h, and the BnCAT1 gene showed the highest expression in the 48th h. This result may indicate a functional relationship between these enzymes.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81893695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Rahmalia, Christina Dasilia, T. Usman, D. I. Prayitno, S. Nurbaeti
Shrimp species have been reported to contain astaxanthin, which has high antioxidant activities. They also contain omega-3 in the form of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can act as photoprotective agents that maintain healthy skin from reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to exposure to UV rays. In addition, fermentation has become an essential pre-treatment to extract the bioactive components in shrimp more easily. This study aims to extract oil from cincalok, a traditional Indonesian (especially in West Kalimantan) food made from Acetes shrimp fermented for 7–15 days. Cincalok oil was added to the lotion as a bioactive additive and sunscreen. Cincalok oil was extracted by the soxhletation method using n-hexane as solvent. The oil was then analyzed for its physicochemical properties, including density, viscosity, possible heavy metal contamination, and the profile of the fatty acids contained. The yield of cincalok oil extraction was 1.09 ± 0.05%, with the highest fatty acid content of 21.70% palmitic acid, 10.99% DHA, and 10.33% EPA. Cincalok oil also contains astaxanthin of 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/L oil. It has a viscosity of 69.71 ± 0.12 cP with a density of 0.93 ± 0.03 g/cm3. The analysis data of ICP-AES shows that there is no heavy metal contamination. The SPF value produced from cincalok oil lotion at 5 and 10% variations of cincalok oil was 15.17 ± 0.09 and 30.28 ± 0.49, respectively. The SPF value of lotion with the addition of cincalok oil was much greater than that of the base lotion, which was 2.16 ± 0.12.
{"title":"Astaxanthin and omega-3-rich oil from fermented Acetes (Cincalok) and its application as bioactive additive and sunscreen in lotion","authors":"W. Rahmalia, Christina Dasilia, T. Usman, D. I. Prayitno, S. Nurbaeti","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022012","url":null,"abstract":"Shrimp species have been reported to contain astaxanthin, which has high antioxidant activities. They also contain omega-3 in the form of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can act as photoprotective agents that maintain healthy skin from reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to exposure to UV rays. In addition, fermentation has become an essential pre-treatment to extract the bioactive components in shrimp more easily. This study aims to extract oil from cincalok, a traditional Indonesian (especially in West Kalimantan) food made from Acetes shrimp fermented for 7–15 days. Cincalok oil was added to the lotion as a bioactive additive and sunscreen. Cincalok oil was extracted by the soxhletation method using n-hexane as solvent. The oil was then analyzed for its physicochemical properties, including density, viscosity, possible heavy metal contamination, and the profile of the fatty acids contained. The yield of cincalok oil extraction was 1.09 ± 0.05%, with the highest fatty acid content of 21.70% palmitic acid, 10.99% DHA, and 10.33% EPA. Cincalok oil also contains astaxanthin of 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/L oil. It has a viscosity of 69.71 ± 0.12 cP with a density of 0.93 ± 0.03 g/cm3. The analysis data of ICP-AES shows that there is no heavy metal contamination. The SPF value produced from cincalok oil lotion at 5 and 10% variations of cincalok oil was 15.17 ± 0.09 and 30.28 ± 0.49, respectively. The SPF value of lotion with the addition of cincalok oil was much greater than that of the base lotion, which was 2.16 ± 0.12.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of organic agriculture in France was steady since 2010 but became stronger since 2014. Like other crops, the cultivated areas of organic soybean and sunflower doubled from 2014 to 2018. With a view to better characterize cultural practices in organic production, Terres Inovia and ITAB (in collaboration with Agence Bio) conducted in 2016 and 2017 a national farmers’ survey. These surveys reveal that sunflower was mainly cultivated over the same types of soil than in conventional production but were integrated in more diversified rotations. The main differences between organic and conventional systems concern sowing date and weed control. Organic sunflower was sown very lately compared to conventional one, which impacted the yield severely. Weed were controlled through ploughing, mechanical weeding and crop rotation and weed control was judged as satisfying by a major part of producers. Concerning soybean, a great difference is the use of irrigation which is almost systematic in conventional but concerned only 50% of cultivated area in organic production. Contrary to sunflower, soybean is integrated in short crop rotation, particularly when it was irrigated. This demonstrated the high profitability of soybean in organic systems. Like for sunflower, weed control done through ploughing, mechanical weeding, and crop rotation and weed control was also judged satisfying; nevertheless, criteria on harvest impurities are more severe and to respect them, organic farmers also use hand weeding in complement. These surveys will be reconducted over the years to be able to follow the changes of cultural practices over the years.
{"title":"Oilseed and protein crops grown in French organic farms: an overview of cultivation practices for sunflower and soybean","authors":"Cécile Le Gall, V. Lecomte, D. Wagner","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021043","url":null,"abstract":"The development of organic agriculture in France was steady since 2010 but became stronger since 2014. Like other crops, the cultivated areas of organic soybean and sunflower doubled from 2014 to 2018. With a view to better characterize cultural practices in organic production, Terres Inovia and ITAB (in collaboration with Agence Bio) conducted in 2016 and 2017 a national farmers’ survey. These surveys reveal that sunflower was mainly cultivated over the same types of soil than in conventional production but were integrated in more diversified rotations. The main differences between organic and conventional systems concern sowing date and weed control. Organic sunflower was sown very lately compared to conventional one, which impacted the yield severely. Weed were controlled through ploughing, mechanical weeding and crop rotation and weed control was judged as satisfying by a major part of producers. Concerning soybean, a great difference is the use of irrigation which is almost systematic in conventional but concerned only 50% of cultivated area in organic production. Contrary to sunflower, soybean is integrated in short crop rotation, particularly when it was irrigated. This demonstrated the high profitability of soybean in organic systems. Like for sunflower, weed control done through ploughing, mechanical weeding, and crop rotation and weed control was also judged satisfying; nevertheless, criteria on harvest impurities are more severe and to respect them, organic farmers also use hand weeding in complement. These surveys will be reconducted over the years to be able to follow the changes of cultural practices over the years.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82324350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incorporation of oils from non-conventional sources into palm olein through the blending process generates a sustainable source of novel oleins with improved physicochemical and functional properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blending winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed oil (WBSO) and palm olein (POo) on the physicochemical properties of the blends. Blends of WBSO (25, 50 and 75% w/w) with POo were prepared and changes in fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions, iodine value (IV), cloud point and thermal behaviour were studied. Reductions in palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids with concomitant increases in linoleic (C18:2) and behenic (C22:0) acids were observed as the amount of WBSO increased in the blends. Blending WBSO and POo at 75:25 increased the unsaturated FA content from 56% in palm olein to 64% in the blend, producing the highest IV of 70.5 g I2/100g. At higher WBSO ratios, triunsaturated and diunsaturated TAG species within the blends increased while disaturated TAG species decreased. The lowest cloud point (8.8 °C) was obtained in the oil blend containing 50% WBSO, while the cloud point further increased with increasing amount of WBSO in the blends. This was possibly attributed to increased trisaturated TAG with very long-chained saturated FA (C20 to C24) inherently present in WBSO within the blends. Thermal behaviour analysis by differential scanning calorimetry of the oil blends showed higher onset temperatures for crystallisation with increasing proportions of WBSO in POo, with melting thermograms correspondingly showing decreasing onset melting temperatures. These findings showed that blending WBSO with POo enhanced the physicochemical characteristics of the final oil blends, resulting in higher unsaturation levels and improved cloudiness resistance.
通过混合过程将非常规来源的油掺入棕榈油中，产生具有改进的物理化学和功能特性的新型油油的可持续来源。本研究的目的是评价双翅豆种子油(WBSO)和棕榈油(POo)对共混物理化性质的影响。制备了WBSO(25、50和75% w/w)与POo共混物，研究了脂肪酸(FA)和三酰甘油(TAG)组成、碘值(IV)、浊点和热行为的变化。随着WBSO在混合物中的含量增加，棕榈酸(C16:0)和油酸(C18:1)的含量减少，同时亚油酸(C18:2)和白酸(C22:0)的含量增加。以75:25的比例掺入WBSO和POo，使棕榈油中不饱和脂肪酸的含量从56%提高到64%，最大IV值为70.5 g I2/100g。当WBSO比较高时，共混物中的三不饱和和二不饱和TAG种类增加，而不饱和TAG种类减少。当WBSO含量为50%时，混浊点最低(8.8℃)，随着WBSO含量的增加，混浊点进一步升高。这可能是由于在共混物中WBSO中固有存在的非常长链饱和FA (C20至C24)增加了三饱和TAG。用差示扫描量热法对油混合物进行的热行为分析表明，随着油中白鲸鲸油比例的增加，结晶开始温度也随之升高，而熔化热图也相应地显示了开始熔化温度的降低。这些结果表明，与POo共混后的WBSO增强了最终油混合物的物理化学特性，从而提高了不饱和水平，提高了抗混浊性。
{"title":"Enhancement of physicochemical characteristics of palm olein and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed oil blends","authors":"E. Hishamuddin, M. H. Saw","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021049","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporation of oils from non-conventional sources into palm olein through the blending process generates a sustainable source of novel oleins with improved physicochemical and functional properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blending winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed oil (WBSO) and palm olein (POo) on the physicochemical properties of the blends. Blends of WBSO (25, 50 and 75% w/w) with POo were prepared and changes in fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions, iodine value (IV), cloud point and thermal behaviour were studied. Reductions in palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids with concomitant increases in linoleic (C18:2) and behenic (C22:0) acids were observed as the amount of WBSO increased in the blends. Blending WBSO and POo at 75:25 increased the unsaturated FA content from 56% in palm olein to 64% in the blend, producing the highest IV of 70.5 g I2/100g. At higher WBSO ratios, triunsaturated and diunsaturated TAG species within the blends increased while disaturated TAG species decreased. The lowest cloud point (8.8 °C) was obtained in the oil blend containing 50% WBSO, while the cloud point further increased with increasing amount of WBSO in the blends. This was possibly attributed to increased trisaturated TAG with very long-chained saturated FA (C20 to C24) inherently present in WBSO within the blends. Thermal behaviour analysis by differential scanning calorimetry of the oil blends showed higher onset temperatures for crystallisation with increasing proportions of WBSO in POo, with melting thermograms correspondingly showing decreasing onset melting temperatures. These findings showed that blending WBSO with POo enhanced the physicochemical characteristics of the final oil blends, resulting in higher unsaturation levels and improved cloudiness resistance.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86224924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Benbouriche, Hayate Haddadi-Guemghar, M. Bachir-bey, L. Boulekbache‐Makhlouf, Samir Hadjal, L. Kouadri, Djamila Mehidi‐Terki, Morad Hamitri, Khodir Madani
Soybean oil is the most consumed oil worldwide due to its cheapness but presented a weak thermo-resistance due to its richness in poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This study aims to improve the thermo-stability of refined soybean oil by blending it with some cold-pressed oils. For this, cold-pressed and soybean oils were firstly characterized (K232, K270, acidity, peroxide value, iodine value, induction time, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity). Then, binary blends of each cold-pressed oil (30%) with soybean oil (70%) were analyzed before and after heat treatment (170 °C for 10 h/day for 5 days) followed by the application of the simplex lattice mixture design in order to optimize the combination of the three best cold-pressed oils. The changes in fatty acid profiles were assessed by gas chromatography (GC-FID). The results revealed that soybean oil presented the best physicochemical traits, while cold-pressed oils expressed high levels of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. From the six binary oil blends, soybean oil mixed with lentisk, sesame, or almond oils were selected for their best thermo-stability. The simplex lattice mixture design, applied for these three chosen oils, indicated that the combination of soybean oil (70%) with lentisk and sesame oils (17.7 and 12.3%, respectively) was considered the optimal blend that gives the maximal thermo-stability improvement to soybean oil. GC-FID analysis showed that fatty acids, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, were more conserved after heat-treatment in optimal oils blend than soybean oil. This study clearly demonstrated that lentisk and sesame oils enhanced the thermo-resistance of soybean oil, and the findings of this study could be used as an integrated model in oil and fat industries.
{"title":"Improvement of thermo-resistance and quality of soybean oil by blending with cold-pressed oils using simplex lattice mixture design","authors":"A. Benbouriche, Hayate Haddadi-Guemghar, M. Bachir-bey, L. Boulekbache‐Makhlouf, Samir Hadjal, L. Kouadri, Djamila Mehidi‐Terki, Morad Hamitri, Khodir Madani","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2022025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022025","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean oil is the most consumed oil worldwide due to its cheapness but presented a weak thermo-resistance due to its richness in poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This study aims to improve the thermo-stability of refined soybean oil by blending it with some cold-pressed oils. For this, cold-pressed and soybean oils were firstly characterized (K232, K270, acidity, peroxide value, iodine value, induction time, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity). Then, binary blends of each cold-pressed oil (30%) with soybean oil (70%) were analyzed before and after heat treatment (170 °C for 10 h/day for 5 days) followed by the application of the simplex lattice mixture design in order to optimize the combination of the three best cold-pressed oils. The changes in fatty acid profiles were assessed by gas chromatography (GC-FID). The results revealed that soybean oil presented the best physicochemical traits, while cold-pressed oils expressed high levels of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. From the six binary oil blends, soybean oil mixed with lentisk, sesame, or almond oils were selected for their best thermo-stability. The simplex lattice mixture design, applied for these three chosen oils, indicated that the combination of soybean oil (70%) with lentisk and sesame oils (17.7 and 12.3%, respectively) was considered the optimal blend that gives the maximal thermo-stability improvement to soybean oil. GC-FID analysis showed that fatty acids, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, were more conserved after heat-treatment in optimal oils blend than soybean oil. This study clearly demonstrated that lentisk and sesame oils enhanced the thermo-resistance of soybean oil, and the findings of this study could be used as an integrated model in oil and fat industries.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85031610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Dassou, J. Ollivier, W. Vanhove, Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi Aholoukpè, Reinout Impens, X. Bonneau, A. Flori, T. Durand-Gasselin, Brice Augustin Sinsin, A. Adjanohoun, P. Van Damme
Oil palm fertilizer requirements are based on leaflet mineral concentrations. Four oil palm progenies representing a wide genetic diversity of Elaeis guineensis species and with contrasting K and Mg leaflet concentrations were tested in Indonesia and Nigeria, environments which differ predominantly in climate. During 5 years, we compared oil palm progenies’ leaflet mineral concentrations between both countries under abundant fertilizer applications to investigate the extent to which they depend on the environment. In the two studied environments, leaflet concentrations significantly differed between progenies for K, Mg and Ca, but the country effect was not found significant (p = 0.352) for any leaflet mineral’s concentration. In both countries, progenies ranked similarly in their mineral categories (lowest and highest cation concentrations within the 4 progenies population), indicating that leaflet mineral concentrations in the tested oil palm progenies are mainly determined by their genetic background. For each progeny, with abundant fertilization, K, Mg and Ca proportions to total leaf cation charge (TLCC) were similar, irrespective of the environments in which the palms were cultivated. We have strong indications that foliar concentrations of K, Mg and Ca are determined by genetic factors which dominate the environmental effect. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in oil palm foliar concentrations between different oil palm progenies imply that they require specific fertilizer amounts to attain an optimal production.
{"title":"Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genetic differences in mineral nutrition: environmental effects on leaflet mineral concentrations of four oil palm progenies","authors":"O. Dassou, J. Ollivier, W. Vanhove, Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi Aholoukpè, Reinout Impens, X. Bonneau, A. Flori, T. Durand-Gasselin, Brice Augustin Sinsin, A. Adjanohoun, P. Van Damme","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2022016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2022016","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm fertilizer requirements are based on leaflet mineral concentrations. Four oil palm progenies representing a wide genetic diversity of Elaeis guineensis species and with contrasting K and Mg leaflet concentrations were tested in Indonesia and Nigeria, environments which differ predominantly in climate. During 5 years, we compared oil palm progenies’ leaflet mineral concentrations between both countries under abundant fertilizer applications to investigate the extent to which they depend on the environment. In the two studied environments, leaflet concentrations significantly differed between progenies for K, Mg and Ca, but the country effect was not found significant (p = 0.352) for any leaflet mineral’s concentration. In both countries, progenies ranked similarly in their mineral categories (lowest and highest cation concentrations within the 4 progenies population), indicating that leaflet mineral concentrations in the tested oil palm progenies are mainly determined by their genetic background. For each progeny, with abundant fertilization, K, Mg and Ca proportions to total leaf cation charge (TLCC) were similar, irrespective of the environments in which the palms were cultivated. We have strong indications that foliar concentrations of K, Mg and Ca are determined by genetic factors which dominate the environmental effect. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in oil palm foliar concentrations between different oil palm progenies imply that they require specific fertilizer amounts to attain an optimal production.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81830974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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