Elizabeth Ruiz-Alvarez, E. Daza, Kennyher Caballero-Blanco, Mauricio Mosquera-Montoya
A total of 70 000 hectares have been dedicated to the cultivation of the interspecific hybrid O × G in Colombia as of 2020. There was a need to introduce what is known as “assisted pollination” for these O × G crops. In 2018, the Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma) released artificial pollination, which consists of applying naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) as a complement to assisted pollination, with the goal of promoting the formation of oil in parthenocarpic fruits. Given the recent introduction of artificial pollination, a research study was proposed with the objective of analyzing the cost-benefit relationship from introducing artificial pollination, both during the cultivation and oil extraction stages. From a methodological point of view, the costs per unit were estimated based on the outcome from plantations in the Colombian Urabá region using two different treatments: the first consists of carrying out assisted pollination during anthesis (applying E. guineensis pollen when the flowers are receptive); the second consists of complementing assisted pollination with NAA application at 7 and 14 days after anthesis. The results indicate that the use of NAA increases net income by 7.7% per hectare of crop. Furthermore, the production costs of a metric ton of palm oil decreases by −9% mainly due to the increase in the oil extraction rate.
{"title":"Complementing assisted pollination with artificial pollination in oil palm crops planted with interspecific hybrids O × G (Elaeis guineensis × Elaeis oleifera): Is it profitable?","authors":"Elizabeth Ruiz-Alvarez, E. Daza, Kennyher Caballero-Blanco, Mauricio Mosquera-Montoya","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021014","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 70 000 hectares have been dedicated to the cultivation of the interspecific hybrid O × G in Colombia as of 2020. There was a need to introduce what is known as “assisted pollination” for these O × G crops. In 2018, the Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma) released artificial pollination, which consists of applying naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) as a complement to assisted pollination, with the goal of promoting the formation of oil in parthenocarpic fruits. Given the recent introduction of artificial pollination, a research study was proposed with the objective of analyzing the cost-benefit relationship from introducing artificial pollination, both during the cultivation and oil extraction stages. From a methodological point of view, the costs per unit were estimated based on the outcome from plantations in the Colombian Urabá region using two different treatments: the first consists of carrying out assisted pollination during anthesis (applying E. guineensis pollen when the flowers are receptive); the second consists of complementing assisted pollination with NAA application at 7 and 14 days after anthesis. The results indicate that the use of NAA increases net income by 7.7% per hectare of crop. Furthermore, the production costs of a metric ton of palm oil decreases by −9% mainly due to the increase in the oil extraction rate.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78161390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Jia, Min Li, Jian Zhang, M. E. Addrah, Jun Zhao
Sunflower White Mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor is a devastating disease worldwide. To investigate the effect of low temperature (4 °C) on biological characteristics and aggressiveness of isolates of the two species, which were collected from the same field in Baiyinchagan, Inner Mongolia, their mycelial growth rate, oxalic acid secretion level and polygalacturonase activity were compared under normal culture temperature (23 °C) and low temperature (4 °C). Aggressiveness was also evaluated on detached leaves by inoculating the isolates produced in both temperatures. The results suggested that culture of isolates at 4 °C not only promoted mycelial growth, but also enhanced secretion of oxalic acid and polygalacturonase activity of both S. sclerotiorum and S. minor isolates compared to that cultured at 23 °C. Additionally, the corresponding aggressiveness of tested isolates of the two species also increased after culture at 4 °C. However, S. sclerotiorum always showed faster mycelial growth, higher oxalic acid levels and greater polygalacturonase activity than S. minor at both 23 °C and 4 °C, indicating that S. sclerotiorum is generally the more aggressive species than S. minor.
{"title":"Effect of low temperature culture on the biological characteristics and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor","authors":"R. Jia, Min Li, Jian Zhang, M. E. Addrah, Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021002","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower White Mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor is a devastating disease worldwide. To investigate the effect of low temperature (4 °C) on biological characteristics and aggressiveness of isolates of the two species, which were collected from the same field in Baiyinchagan, Inner Mongolia, their mycelial growth rate, oxalic acid secretion level and polygalacturonase activity were compared under normal culture temperature (23 °C) and low temperature (4 °C). Aggressiveness was also evaluated on detached leaves by inoculating the isolates produced in both temperatures. The results suggested that culture of isolates at 4 °C not only promoted mycelial growth, but also enhanced secretion of oxalic acid and polygalacturonase activity of both S. sclerotiorum and S. minor isolates compared to that cultured at 23 °C. Additionally, the corresponding aggressiveness of tested isolates of the two species also increased after culture at 4 °C. However, S. sclerotiorum always showed faster mycelial growth, higher oxalic acid levels and greater polygalacturonase activity than S. minor at both 23 °C and 4 °C, indicating that S. sclerotiorum is generally the more aggressive species than S. minor.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82442105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We carried out the research in 2018–2019 in the Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem, low-humus, extra-heavy, heavy-loamy to study the possibility of cultivation of new sunflower genotypes with a compact habitus at a high plant density (80 000, 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha) and a row width of 35 cm. We chose sunflower hybrids of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops with the normal (Triumph and Berkut) and the erectoid (Triumph er-2, Triumph Er-3, Berkut er-2, Berkut Er-3) leaf position as an object of research. The high lodging capacity of the erectoid hybrids Triumph еr-2 (30.2%) and Triumph Еr-3 (10.9%) suggests potential yield losses due to non-threshing of heads during the combine harvesting. The highest productivity and oil content of seeds of normal and erectoid hybrids was obtained at the plant density of 80 000 plants/ha. The densification of sowings to 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha led to a decrease in the traits of yield structure and productivity. The limited resources of the environment do not allow achieving both high productivity and product quality in sowings with the plant density exceeding 80 000 plants/ha. The compact habitus of sunflower plants is not a determining factor in the development of productivity of sowings with a high plant density.
{"title":"Productivity of sunflower hybrids with erectoid leaves at various plant densities","authors":"A. Bushnev, Y. Demurin, G. Orekhov","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021027","url":null,"abstract":"We carried out the research in 2018–2019 in the Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem, low-humus, extra-heavy, heavy-loamy to study the possibility of cultivation of new sunflower genotypes with a compact habitus at a high plant density (80 000, 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha) and a row width of 35 cm. We chose sunflower hybrids of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops with the normal (Triumph and Berkut) and the erectoid (Triumph er-2, Triumph Er-3, Berkut er-2, Berkut Er-3) leaf position as an object of research. The high lodging capacity of the erectoid hybrids Triumph еr-2 (30.2%) and Triumph Еr-3 (10.9%) suggests potential yield losses due to non-threshing of heads during the combine harvesting. The highest productivity and oil content of seeds of normal and erectoid hybrids was obtained at the plant density of 80 000 plants/ha. The densification of sowings to 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha led to a decrease in the traits of yield structure and productivity. The limited resources of the environment do not allow achieving both high productivity and product quality in sowings with the plant density exceeding 80 000 plants/ha. The compact habitus of sunflower plants is not a determining factor in the development of productivity of sowings with a high plant density.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76243957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Douzane, M. Daas, A. Meribai, Ahmed-Hani Guezil, Abdelkrim Abdi, A. Tamendjari
Olive cultivar diversity is rich in Algeria but most remain unexplored in terms of quality traits. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of twenty olive oil samples belonging to four Algerian cultivars (Chemlal, Sigoise, Ronde de Miliana and Rougette de Mitidja) collected throughout the national territory. Physical-chemical and sensory results showed that 60% of the oils belong to the extra virgin category, while 40% were classified as “virgin olive oil”. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a great variability in fatty acids composition between the samples depending on the cultivar and origin. Oleic acid was the most abundant and varied between 64.84 and 80.14%. Extra virgin olive oils with quality attributes are eligible for a label. Rougette de Mitidja, Ronde de Miliana and Sigoise from Oran showed great potential.
阿尔及利亚的橄榄品种多样性丰富，但在品质性状方面大多数仍未开发。本研究旨在对阿尔及利亚境内收集的4个品种(Chemlal、Sigoise、Ronde de Miliana和Rougette de Mitidja)的20个橄榄油样品的理化和感官质量进行评价。物理化学和感官结果表明，60%的油属于特级初榨，而40%的油被归类为“初榨橄榄油”。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示，不同品种和产地的样品脂肪酸组成差异很大。油酸含量最高，为64.84 ~ 80.14%。具有质量属性的特级初榨橄榄油有资格获得标签。米蒂迪亚、米里亚纳和西古兹都表现出了巨大的潜力。
{"title":"Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of virgin olive oils from several Algerian olive-growing regions","authors":"M. Douzane, M. Daas, A. Meribai, Ahmed-Hani Guezil, Abdelkrim Abdi, A. Tamendjari","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021044","url":null,"abstract":"Olive cultivar diversity is rich in Algeria but most remain unexplored in terms of quality traits. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of twenty olive oil samples belonging to four Algerian cultivars (Chemlal, Sigoise, Ronde de Miliana and Rougette de Mitidja) collected throughout the national territory. Physical-chemical and sensory results showed that 60% of the oils belong to the extra virgin category, while 40% were classified as “virgin olive oil”. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a great variability in fatty acids composition between the samples depending on the cultivar and origin. Oleic acid was the most abundant and varied between 64.84 and 80.14%. Extra virgin olive oils with quality attributes are eligible for a label. Rougette de Mitidja, Ronde de Miliana and Sigoise from Oran showed great potential.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88979775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charinrat Saechan, J. Kaewsrichan, Nattawut Leelakanok, Arpa Petchsomrit
Every part of Calophyllum inophyllum L. has been used in various traditional remedies, especially the oil from its nut was mostly used to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to investigate the composition and antioxidant activity of C. inophyllum nut oil and formulate the oil as a cosmeceutical product. The chemical composition and the amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC) were demonstrated by Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. Calophyllolide (4.35%) was a major component. Additional components were calanolide A, inophyllum D, and inophyllum B. We found that the TPC contained 25.9 ± 1.2 mg GE/g oil and a free radical scavenging activity approximate to that of the synthetic Trolox. Emulgel formulation consisted of tween 80, span 80, and isopropyl alcohol as a surfactant, and carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The microemulsion was formulated using distilled water, oil, tween 80 with span 80, as a surfactant, and isopropyl alcohol as a cosurfactant. The mean droplet size for optimized microemulsion formulations was 34.37 ± 1.06 nm. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic stability tests (freeze-thaw cycle) and long-term stability tests indicated that emulsions and microemulsions remained stable. In conclusion, this nut oil could potentially be used as a cosmeceutical product, and the obtained emulgels and microemulsions exhibited good characteristics in terms of being a potential agent for skin antioxidant.
{"title":"Antioxidant in cosmeceutical products containing Calophyllum inophyllum oil","authors":"Charinrat Saechan, J. Kaewsrichan, Nattawut Leelakanok, Arpa Petchsomrit","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021015","url":null,"abstract":"Every part of Calophyllum inophyllum L. has been used in various traditional remedies, especially the oil from its nut was mostly used to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to investigate the composition and antioxidant activity of C. inophyllum nut oil and formulate the oil as a cosmeceutical product. The chemical composition and the amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC) were demonstrated by Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. Calophyllolide (4.35%) was a major component. Additional components were calanolide A, inophyllum D, and inophyllum B. We found that the TPC contained 25.9 ± 1.2 mg GE/g oil and a free radical scavenging activity approximate to that of the synthetic Trolox. Emulgel formulation consisted of tween 80, span 80, and isopropyl alcohol as a surfactant, and carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The microemulsion was formulated using distilled water, oil, tween 80 with span 80, as a surfactant, and isopropyl alcohol as a cosurfactant. The mean droplet size for optimized microemulsion formulations was 34.37 ± 1.06 nm. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic stability tests (freeze-thaw cycle) and long-term stability tests indicated that emulsions and microemulsions remained stable. In conclusion, this nut oil could potentially be used as a cosmeceutical product, and the obtained emulgels and microemulsions exhibited good characteristics in terms of being a potential agent for skin antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74851964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a rainfed spring-sown crop, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is increasingly exposed to negative impacts of climate change, especially to high temperatures and drought stress. Incremental, systemic and transformative adaptations have been suggested for reducing the crop vulnerability to these stressful conditions. In addition, innovative cropping systems based on low-input management, organic farming, soil and water conservation practices, intercropping, double-cropping, and/or agroforestry are undergoing marked in agriculture. Because of its plasticity and low-input requirements (nitrogen, water, pesticides), sunflower crop is likely to take part to these new agroecological systems. Aside from current production outputs (yield, oil and cake), ecosystem services (e.g. bee feeding, soil phytoremediation…), and non-food industrial uses are now expected externalities for the crop. The combination of climatic and societal contexts could deeply modify the characteristics of genotypes to be cultivated in the main production areas (either traditional or adoptive). After reviewing these changes, we identify how innovative cropping systems and new environments could modify the traits classically considered up to now, especially in relation to expected ecosystem services. Finally, we consider how research could provide methods to help identifying traits of interest and design ideotypes.
{"title":"New challenges for sunflower ideotyping in changing environments and more ecological cropping systems","authors":"P. Debaeke, P. Casadebaig, N. Langlade","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021016","url":null,"abstract":"As a rainfed spring-sown crop, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is increasingly exposed to negative impacts of climate change, especially to high temperatures and drought stress. Incremental, systemic and transformative adaptations have been suggested for reducing the crop vulnerability to these stressful conditions. In addition, innovative cropping systems based on low-input management, organic farming, soil and water conservation practices, intercropping, double-cropping, and/or agroforestry are undergoing marked in agriculture. Because of its plasticity and low-input requirements (nitrogen, water, pesticides), sunflower crop is likely to take part to these new agroecological systems. Aside from current production outputs (yield, oil and cake), ecosystem services (e.g. bee feeding, soil phytoremediation…), and non-food industrial uses are now expected externalities for the crop. The combination of climatic and societal contexts could deeply modify the characteristics of genotypes to be cultivated in the main production areas (either traditional or adoptive). After reviewing these changes, we identify how innovative cropping systems and new environments could modify the traits classically considered up to now, especially in relation to expected ecosystem services. Finally, we consider how research could provide methods to help identifying traits of interest and design ideotypes.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73914243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nguyen, Thanh Dat Le, B. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, D. Pioch, H. C. Mai
Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a non-food oil used in traditional medicine, and with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. However, this oil, obtained by pressing the nuts, is being used as crude oil, in spite of a variable but large amount of non-lipids (called resin) being entrained. Although these should not be seen as impurities owing to their known bioactivity in many fields, not only they are responsible for the poisonous nature impeding human consumption in addition to bad smell, but they contribute to the poor oil quality, especially low stability and associated short shelf life. The present study aimed at purifying a crude tamanu oil sample through a combination of simple steps: deresination with ethanol, degumming using hot water, neutralization (KOH), bleaching with activated carbon, and deodorization. Ethanol 96% was more efficient for deresinating, compared to methanol, resulting in the extraction of 44–46% w/w of resin within 10 min (temperature 40 °C; oil:ethanol 1:1.5 w/v). Oil quality was checked in the industrial crude sample and in the fully refined product. The applied process strongly improved the color from dark brown to light golden yellow, decreased the acid value (62 down to 0.11 mgKOH/g of oil), and the viscosity (181 to 130 mPa.s). The saponification value was lowered from 206 to 180 mgKOH/g oil. The peroxide value was only slightly lowered from 85 to 55 mgO2/kg oil, thus pointing out the peculiar chemical nature of tamanu oil. Improving this important quality parameter would require additional research work, together with fine-tuned optimization of experimental conditions for a panel of crude oil samples; this was out of the scope of present work. This preliminary study shows that refining steps widely applied at industrial scale could help improving the quality of tamanu oil – an underused natural feedstock – for enhanced application in health and cosmetic fields.
{"title":"Purification trials of Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil","authors":"M. Nguyen, Thanh Dat Le, B. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, D. Pioch, H. C. Mai","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021042","url":null,"abstract":"Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a non-food oil used in traditional medicine, and with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. However, this oil, obtained by pressing the nuts, is being used as crude oil, in spite of a variable but large amount of non-lipids (called resin) being entrained. Although these should not be seen as impurities owing to their known bioactivity in many fields, not only they are responsible for the poisonous nature impeding human consumption in addition to bad smell, but they contribute to the poor oil quality, especially low stability and associated short shelf life. The present study aimed at purifying a crude tamanu oil sample through a combination of simple steps: deresination with ethanol, degumming using hot water, neutralization (KOH), bleaching with activated carbon, and deodorization. Ethanol 96% was more efficient for deresinating, compared to methanol, resulting in the extraction of 44–46% w/w of resin within 10 min (temperature 40 °C; oil:ethanol 1:1.5 w/v). Oil quality was checked in the industrial crude sample and in the fully refined product. The applied process strongly improved the color from dark brown to light golden yellow, decreased the acid value (62 down to 0.11 mgKOH/g of oil), and the viscosity (181 to 130 mPa.s). The saponification value was lowered from 206 to 180 mgKOH/g oil. The peroxide value was only slightly lowered from 85 to 55 mgO2/kg oil, thus pointing out the peculiar chemical nature of tamanu oil. Improving this important quality parameter would require additional research work, together with fine-tuned optimization of experimental conditions for a panel of crude oil samples; this was out of the scope of present work. This preliminary study shows that refining steps widely applied at industrial scale could help improving the quality of tamanu oil – an underused natural feedstock – for enhanced application in health and cosmetic fields.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolás Callejas Campioni, Leopoldo Suescun Pereyra, A. P. Badan Ribeiro, Iván Jachmanián Alpuy
Zero-trans edible fats attractive to be used for shortenings or margarines were designed solely from rice bran oil (RBO). For this purpose, RBO was fully hydrogenated, blended with the original oil at different percentages, and finally, blends were interesterified by an enzyme-catalyzed process. The interesterification process reduced the concentration of trisaturated and triunsaturated triglycerides and increased the concentration of medium saturation degree molecules, thus increasing their compatibility and causing the moderation of the melting point, as compared with blends. Conversely to blends, products showed a high tendency to crystallize under the β’ polymorph, which is the preferred one for products destined for many edible applications. Results demonstrated that the proper combination of different technologies (total hydrogenation, blending and interesterification) is a versatile and useful technology for designing zero-trans fats from RBO, attractive for the confection of shortenings or margarines for different applications depending on the proportion of each component in the starting blend. This strategy offers an attractive alternative for the diversification of RBO utilization, a valuable vegetable oil still underexploited, providing attractive fats useful for structuring different type of foods.
{"title":"Zero-trans fats designed by enzyme-catalyzed interesterification of rice bran oil and fully hydrogenated rice bran oil","authors":"Nicolás Callejas Campioni, Leopoldo Suescun Pereyra, A. P. Badan Ribeiro, Iván Jachmanián Alpuy","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2021036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021036","url":null,"abstract":"Zero-trans edible fats attractive to be used for shortenings or margarines were designed solely from rice bran oil (RBO). For this purpose, RBO was fully hydrogenated, blended with the original oil at different percentages, and finally, blends were interesterified by an enzyme-catalyzed process. The interesterification process reduced the concentration of trisaturated and triunsaturated triglycerides and increased the concentration of medium saturation degree molecules, thus increasing their compatibility and causing the moderation of the melting point, as compared with blends. Conversely to blends, products showed a high tendency to crystallize under the β’ polymorph, which is the preferred one for products destined for many edible applications. Results demonstrated that the proper combination of different technologies (total hydrogenation, blending and interesterification) is a versatile and useful technology for designing zero-trans fats from RBO, attractive for the confection of shortenings or margarines for different applications depending on the proportion of each component in the starting blend. This strategy offers an attractive alternative for the diversification of RBO utilization, a valuable vegetable oil still underexploited, providing attractive fats useful for structuring different type of foods.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty-one hybrids of sunflower were produced by crossing 7 introduced cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) with 3 restorer lines (RF-lines) using line × tester mating design. The twenty-one hybrids, three restorers, seven maintainer lines (B-lines) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Mean squares due to genotypes, parents (P), crosses (C), lines (L), testers (T), P vs. C, for stearic acid and line × tester for palmitic acid. The inbred lines and their F1 hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. The variances due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the studied traits, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the traits. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. Heterosis values for seed yield plant−1 were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (17.68–72.38%) and the better parent (−2.86–56.842%). Significantly and negative heterosis was recorded in the case of linoleic acid relative to the parental mean (−81.24 to −38.02%) and better parent (−66.24–22.87%). With oleic acid, the heterotic effect ranged from −14.18 to 39.59% (parental mean) and from −15.06 to 38.72% (better parent). Therefore, these results are valuable for the improvement of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in sunflower breeding material to fulfill the edible oil requirements.
{"title":"Heterosis for seed, oil yield and quality of some different hybrids sunflower","authors":"M. Abdel-Rahem, T. H. Hassan, H. Zahran","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021010","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-one hybrids of sunflower were produced by crossing 7 introduced cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) with 3 restorer lines (RF-lines) using line × tester mating design. The twenty-one hybrids, three restorers, seven maintainer lines (B-lines) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Mean squares due to genotypes, parents (P), crosses (C), lines (L), testers (T), P vs. C, for stearic acid and line × tester for palmitic acid. The inbred lines and their F1 hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. The variances due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the studied traits, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the traits. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. Heterosis values for seed yield plant−1 were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (17.68–72.38%) and the better parent (−2.86–56.842%). Significantly and negative heterosis was recorded in the case of linoleic acid relative to the parental mean (−81.24 to −38.02%) and better parent (−66.24–22.87%). With oleic acid, the heterotic effect ranged from −14.18 to 39.59% (parental mean) and from −15.06 to 38.72% (better parent). Therefore, these results are valuable for the improvement of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in sunflower breeding material to fulfill the edible oil requirements.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89827894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solvents have a bad reputation in the cosmetics world, at least as regards the production of specialty vegetable oils used in this market. In order to do without these solvents, the cosmetics industry tends to use only mechanically produced oils. However, there is a range of seeds for which mechanical extraction is not satisfactory. This is the case with rare, expensive, and oil-poor seeds for which pressing does not give good yields, and results in high production costs. These are also hard seeds that cannot be pressed without causing the presses to become intensely hot, and this affects the quality of the oils. In recent years, our laboratory has worked on the development of extraction techniques with ethanol and the EcoXtract® solvent (2-methyloxolane) in order to provide professionals with production methods compatible with the COSMOS standard. Ethanol is not a good solvent for oils, especially in the presence of water and at low temperature. This drawback can be turned into an advantage to recover the oil (without distillation of the solvent) by cold decantation. The extraction is carried out on the hot components, and the oil is recovered by cooling the saturated miscella for the precipitation of the lipid phase. This process makes it possible to limit the energy consumption necessary for the recovery of the oil and the regeneration of the solvent. The great advantage for oils intended for the cosmetic market is that ethanol has a better solvent power for polar lipids compared to hexane and mechanical extraction. It is possible to split the lipid extract into neutral lipids and polar lipids by adjusting the precipitation temperature or by partial distillation. At the refining step, it is also possible to deacidify and remove contaminants from crude oil by liquid-liquid extraction with ethanol. We have recently obtained interesting results by reducing the phthalate concentration of walnut oils by 90%. The use of ethanol for oil neutralization is a process which generates less loss of neutral oil than the alkaline neutralization of a mixture with high acidity, and this is less harmful than physical refining during the production of 3-MCPD esters, esters of glycidol, and trans fatty acids. EcoXtract® is a solvent derived from the chemistry of pentoses in biomass. This solvent has very good oil solvation capacities and less biological toxicity than hexane. Its production has an acceptable carbon footprint and good sustainability characteristics. It is recognised by Ecocert as suitable for producing COSMOS ingredients. Compared to ethanol, its use requires fewer preparation steps (ethanol requires rigorous drying before extraction) and it requires less circulating solvent per kilo of oil extracted. The solvent removal from the meal requires less energy and allows the use of direct steam to aid in the removal of the solvent since the miscibility of water in this solvent is limited to 4.5 g/100g.
{"title":"About solvents used in the preparation of oils for cosmetic products complying with the Cosmos standard","authors":"P. Carré","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2021003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2021003","url":null,"abstract":"Solvents have a bad reputation in the cosmetics world, at least as regards the production of specialty vegetable oils used in this market. In order to do without these solvents, the cosmetics industry tends to use only mechanically produced oils. However, there is a range of seeds for which mechanical extraction is not satisfactory. This is the case with rare, expensive, and oil-poor seeds for which pressing does not give good yields, and results in high production costs. These are also hard seeds that cannot be pressed without causing the presses to become intensely hot, and this affects the quality of the oils. In recent years, our laboratory has worked on the development of extraction techniques with ethanol and the EcoXtract® solvent (2-methyloxolane) in order to provide professionals with production methods compatible with the COSMOS standard. Ethanol is not a good solvent for oils, especially in the presence of water and at low temperature. This drawback can be turned into an advantage to recover the oil (without distillation of the solvent) by cold decantation. The extraction is carried out on the hot components, and the oil is recovered by cooling the saturated miscella for the precipitation of the lipid phase. This process makes it possible to limit the energy consumption necessary for the recovery of the oil and the regeneration of the solvent. The great advantage for oils intended for the cosmetic market is that ethanol has a better solvent power for polar lipids compared to hexane and mechanical extraction. It is possible to split the lipid extract into neutral lipids and polar lipids by adjusting the precipitation temperature or by partial distillation. At the refining step, it is also possible to deacidify and remove contaminants from crude oil by liquid-liquid extraction with ethanol. We have recently obtained interesting results by reducing the phthalate concentration of walnut oils by 90%. The use of ethanol for oil neutralization is a process which generates less loss of neutral oil than the alkaline neutralization of a mixture with high acidity, and this is less harmful than physical refining during the production of 3-MCPD esters, esters of glycidol, and trans fatty acids. EcoXtract® is a solvent derived from the chemistry of pentoses in biomass. This solvent has very good oil solvation capacities and less biological toxicity than hexane. Its production has an acceptable carbon footprint and good sustainability characteristics. It is recognised by Ecocert as suitable for producing COSMOS ingredients. Compared to ethanol, its use requires fewer preparation steps (ethanol requires rigorous drying before extraction) and it requires less circulating solvent per kilo of oil extracted. The solvent removal from the meal requires less energy and allows the use of direct steam to aid in the removal of the solvent since the miscibility of water in this solvent is limited to 4.5 g/100g.","PeriodicalId":19440,"journal":{"name":"OCL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88436061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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