Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.1002/9781119066699.ch13
Timothy J Kneafsey, S. Borglin
Flow in natural media with nanoporous regions is very complicated, with many governing processes. Well-developed numerical codes to integrate and model flow through these media are available. A great deal of very creative work has been done to understand individual processes governing flow in natural media with nanoporous regions, and both simple and elaborate tools have been used to gain process understanding. The complications in understanding and predicting flow in these rocks, particularly with multiscale heterogeneities, anisotropies, and the presence of multiple phases and large gradients are enormous. Here, we examine factors governing flow through natural porous media containing nanoporous regions. We present a conceptual model of the media, touch on the flow physics, and describe the techniques used to examine pore space in these rocks. In addition, we briefly describe some modeling of flow through these media. A number of processes which need better description are identified.
{"title":"Flow of Gas and Liquid in Natural Media Containing Nanoporous Regions","authors":"Timothy J Kneafsey, S. Borglin","doi":"10.1002/9781119066699.ch13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066699.ch13","url":null,"abstract":"Flow in natural media with nanoporous regions is very complicated, with many governing processes. Well-developed numerical codes to integrate and model flow through these media are available. A great deal of very creative work has been done to understand individual processes governing flow in natural media with nanoporous regions, and both simple and elaborate tools have been used to gain process understanding. The complications in understanding and predicting flow in these rocks, particularly with multiscale heterogeneities, anisotropies, and the presence of multiple phases and large gradients are enormous. Here, we examine factors governing flow through natural porous media containing nanoporous regions. We present a conceptual model of the media, touch on the flow physics, and describe the techniques used to examine pore space in these rocks. In addition, we briefly describe some modeling of flow through these media. A number of processes which need better description are identified.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79399902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low international oil price, advance in renewable energy technology, development of energy storage technology and strict environmental regulations have presented encumbrance and opportunity for the current oil shale project development. Oil shale industry is at critical stage and facing challenges from competitive conventional energy, clean renewable energy and more strict environmental regulations. Through an innovative design of the oil shale pyrolysis process model by utilizing a developed new advanced technology, the oil shale project could improve its resilience and sustainability with excellent social and economic performance.This paper investigated the shale oil production process in terms of technology selection, utilization of resource, energy efficiency, oil yield, and mining to improve the resilience of oil shale project economic performance facing lower oil price. Innovative design options for the oil shale production process model were discussed from the following aspects: 1) itemized cost analysis and comparison of shale oil production technologies; 2) development of a new oil shale pyrolysis process model with combination of the existing vertical retort process (VRP) and horizontal rotary-kiln retort process (HRRP) technologies to improve the oil shale process economic gain; 3) discussion of innovative design options to improve the economic performance of the process by utilizing the current new advanced energy storage technology. Investigation of the applicability of the energy storage system (ESS) to the oil shale project was carried out with a sensitivity analysis of its cost-revenue.
{"title":"ACHIEVING RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH INNOVATIVE DESIGN FOR OIL SHALE PYROLYSIS PROCESS MODEL","authors":"J. Jia, R. Qian, Jilai He","doi":"10.3176/oil.2019.2s.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.2s.05","url":null,"abstract":"Low international oil price, advance in renewable energy technology, development of energy storage technology and strict environmental regulations have presented encumbrance and opportunity for the current oil shale project development. Oil shale industry is at critical stage and facing challenges from competitive conventional energy, clean renewable energy and more strict environmental regulations. Through an innovative design of the oil shale pyrolysis process model by utilizing a developed new advanced technology, the oil shale project could improve its resilience and sustainability with excellent social and economic performance.This paper investigated the shale oil production process in terms of technology selection, utilization of resource, energy efficiency, oil yield, and mining to improve the resilience of oil shale project economic performance facing lower oil price. Innovative design options for the oil shale production process model were discussed from the following aspects: 1) itemized cost analysis and comparison of shale oil production technologies; 2) development of a new oil shale pyrolysis process model with combination of the existing vertical retort process (VRP) and horizontal rotary-kiln retort process (HRRP) technologies to improve the oil shale process economic gain; 3) discussion of innovative design options to improve the economic performance of the process by utilizing the current new advanced energy storage technology. Investigation of the applicability of the energy storage system (ESS) to the oil shale project was carried out with a sensitivity analysis of its cost-revenue.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91124939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jameel S. Aljariri Alhesan, M. Marshall, W. R. Jackson, Y. Qi, P. Cassidy, A. Chaffee
Organic matter (OM) was isolated from two marine oil shales, ElLajjun and Julia Creek, using NaOH-HCl and humin and humic acid fractions separated. Two treatments were required to reduce humin ash yield to below 11 wt% db. The humin yield of the autoclave method was 80 wt% of OM (dry mineral-matter-free, dmmf), compared to only 20–60 wt% dmmf for the oven method, possibly due to the increased NaOH solution strength and some oxidation. Oven and autoclave methods both gave humin similar in chemical structure to shale OM, regardless of yield. This similarity has implications as to shale OM structure.
{"title":"ISOLATION OF ORGANIC MATTER BY THE NAOH-HCL METHOD FROM TWO MARINE OIL SHALES USING OVEN AND SEALED AUTOCLAVE TECHNIQUES","authors":"Jameel S. Aljariri Alhesan, M. Marshall, W. R. Jackson, Y. Qi, P. Cassidy, A. Chaffee","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2019.2S.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2019.2S.10","url":null,"abstract":"Organic matter (OM) was isolated from two marine oil shales, ElLajjun and Julia Creek, using NaOH-HCl and humin and humic acid fractions separated. Two treatments were required to reduce humin ash yield to below 11 wt% db. The humin yield of the autoclave method was 80 wt% of OM (dry mineral-matter-free, dmmf), compared to only 20–60 wt% dmmf for the oven method, possibly due to the increased NaOH solution strength and some oxidation. Oven and autoclave methods both gave humin similar in chemical structure to shale OM, regardless of yield. This similarity has implications as to shale OM structure.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper gives a historic overview of the innovation activities in the former Soviet Union, including the Estonian SSR, in the direct chemical processing of organic matter concentrates of Estonian oil shale kukersite (kukersite) as well as other sapropelites. The overview sheds light on the laboratory experiments started in the 1950s and subsequent extensive, tripleshift work on a pilot scale on nitric acid, to produce individual dicarboxylic acids from succinic to sebacic acids, their dimethyl esters or mixtures in the 1980s.
{"title":"ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM OIL SHALE ORGANIC MATTER ‒ HISTORIC REVIEW","authors":"R. Veski, S. Veski","doi":"10.3176/oil.2019.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a historic overview of the innovation activities in the former Soviet Union, including the Estonian SSR, in the direct chemical processing of organic matter concentrates of Estonian oil shale kukersite (kukersite) as well as other sapropelites. The overview sheds light on the laboratory experiments started in the 1950s and subsequent extensive, tripleshift work on a pilot scale on nitric acid, to produce individual dicarboxylic acids from succinic to sebacic acids, their dimethyl esters or mixtures in the 1980s.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85315193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Neshumayev, T. Pihu, A. Siirde, O. Järvik, A. Konist
The solid heat carrier (SHC) retorting method, so-called Galoter process, was developed for oil shale processing at the end of the 1940s. Since then the method has undergone several improvements. Nowadays there are different modifications of Galoter process in use – Petroter, Enefit-140 and TSK-500 technologies. The major differences between these technologies are in sizing (throughput), technical solutions and layouts. Recently a shale oil plant based on a new technology, Enefit-280, was commissioned. Enefit-280 is a technology successor of Enefit-140 where the heating of solid heat carrier is accomplished using the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology as opposed to the conventional heat carrier combustion technology in Enefit-140. The CFB technology in Enefit-280 was integrated into the process to improve the performance of SHC heating process and reduce the emissions. Operational experience has demonstrated that the modified technology of SHC oil shale retorting has a potential to play a key role in shale oil production with reduced environmental impact.
{"title":"SOLID HEAT CARRIER OIL SHALE RETORTING TECHNOLOGY WITH INTEGRATED CFB TECHNOLOGY","authors":"D. Neshumayev, T. Pihu, A. Siirde, O. Järvik, A. Konist","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2019.2S.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2019.2S.02","url":null,"abstract":"The solid heat carrier (SHC) retorting method, so-called Galoter process, was developed for oil shale processing at the end of the 1940s. Since then the method has undergone several improvements. Nowadays there are different modifications of Galoter process in use – Petroter, Enefit-140 and TSK-500 technologies. The major differences between these technologies are in sizing (throughput), technical solutions and layouts. Recently a shale oil plant based on a new technology, Enefit-280, was commissioned. Enefit-280 is a technology successor of Enefit-140 where the heating of solid heat carrier is accomplished using the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology as opposed to the conventional heat carrier combustion technology in Enefit-140. The CFB technology in Enefit-280 was integrated into the process to improve the performance of SHC heating process and reduce the emissions. Operational experience has demonstrated that the modified technology of SHC oil shale retorting has a potential to play a key role in shale oil production with reduced environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77112201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HAZARDOUS TOXIC ELEMENTS MOBILITY IN BURNED OIL SHALE ASH, AND ATTEMPTS TO ATTAIN SHORT- AND LONG-TERM SOLIDIFICATION","authors":"T. El-Hasan, Nizar Abu-Jaber, N. Abdelhadi","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2019.2S.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2019.2S.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80771543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar pyrolysis of oil shale samples under different operating conditions","authors":"M. I. Alamayreh, J. Jaber","doi":"10.3176/oil.2019.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83069384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinetic study on the pyrolysis behavior of Jimsar oil shale","authors":"N. Pan, D. Li, W. Lü, F. Dai","doi":"10.3176/oil.2019.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78918704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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