. To understand the presence of globules in the kerogen of Estonian kukersite a multiscale simulation study is performed using the ESPResSo methodology and structures of known building blocks. It is demonstrated how these globules are formed due to the intermolecular interactions in these building blocks .
{"title":"From the molecules of resorcinolic lipids to alga G. prisca globular colonies in kukersite microfossils: a multiscale simulation study","authors":"T. Kaevand, Ü. Lille","doi":"10.3176/oil.2020.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2020.4.02","url":null,"abstract":". To understand the presence of globules in the kerogen of Estonian kukersite a multiscale simulation study is performed using the ESPResSo methodology and structures of known building blocks. It is demonstrated how these globules are formed due to the intermolecular interactions in these building blocks .","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Liu, S. Feng, S. Zhang, C. Jia, H. Xuan, Q. Wang
{"title":"Analysis of the pore structure of Longkou oil shale semicoke during fluidized bed combustion","authors":"H. Liu, S. Feng, S. Zhang, C. Jia, H. Xuan, Q. Wang","doi":"10.3176/oil.2020.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2020.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"60 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75125529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Maaten, O. Järvik, O. Pihl, A. Konist, A. Siirde
Oil shale (OS) is a solid hydrogen rich fossil fuel whose organic part can, under appropriate conditions, be turned into liquid fuel. The obtained shale oil is a mixture of a large number of organic compounds. However, the exact composition and yield of shale oil depend not only on the composition of oil shale, but also on the type of the reactor where oil was produced, as well as on process parameters like heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, and the size of oil shale particles fed to the reactor. In this paper, we present the results of the full chemical analysis of Estonian Ojamaa oil shale – characteristics of oil shale and shale oil and distribution of sulfur. The results of ultimate, proximate, major components and pyrolysis mass balance analyses are also presented and the characteristics of crude shale oil and oil fractions are provided. Special emphasis is put on the analysis of sulfur and its distribution between the pyrolysis products. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results are provided.
{"title":"Oil shale pyrolysis products and the fate of sulfur","authors":"B. Maaten, O. Järvik, O. Pihl, A. Konist, A. Siirde","doi":"10.3176/oil.2020.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2020.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Oil shale (OS) is a solid hydrogen rich fossil fuel whose organic part can, under appropriate conditions, be turned into liquid fuel. The obtained shale oil is a mixture of a large number of organic compounds. However, the exact composition and yield of shale oil depend not only on the composition of oil shale, but also on the type of the reactor where oil was produced, as well as on process parameters like heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, and the size of oil shale particles fed to the reactor. In this paper, we present the results of the full chemical analysis of Estonian Ojamaa oil shale – characteristics of oil shale and shale oil and distribution of sulfur. The results of ultimate, proximate, major components and pyrolysis mass balance analyses are also presented and the characteristics of crude shale oil and oil fractions are provided. Special emphasis is put on the analysis of sulfur and its distribution between the pyrolysis products. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results are provided.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"82 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83934790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vapor pressures of narrow gasoline fractions of oil from industrial retorting of Kukersite oil shale","authors":"Z. Baird, M. Listak, P. Mozaffari, V. Oja","doi":"10.3176/oil.2020.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2020.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"41 1","pages":"288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90229052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Oumam, A. Abourriche, S. Mansouri, M. Mouiya, A. Benhammou, Y. Abouliatim, Y. E. Hafiane, H. Hannache, M. Birot, R. Pailler, R. Naslain
. Within the Moroccan natural resources valorisation scheme, new adsorbents have been prepared from oil shale by chemical and physical activation processes. The activation process the authors have developed in this study give effective adsorbent materials. In view of the physico-chemical properties of these materials and application to the treatment of water loaded with a metal (Cr 6+ ion) or organic (methylene blue (MB)) pollutant, it is concluded that the chemical activation process of oil shale at low temperature (250 °C) affords the best material. The material’s yield is good in comparison with the physical activation at the same temperature and the process is energy saving differently from that at 450 °C. Moreover, the chemical activation of oil shale with phosphoric acid at 250 °C produces a material with a good yield (about 70%), a high specific surface area (approximately 600 m 2 /g) and a highly porous structure, which gives it a high retention of methylene blue and the Cr 6+ ion.
{"title":"Comparison of chemical and physical activation processes at obtaining adsorbents from Moroccan oil shale","authors":"M. Oumam, A. Abourriche, S. Mansouri, M. Mouiya, A. Benhammou, Y. Abouliatim, Y. E. Hafiane, H. Hannache, M. Birot, R. Pailler, R. Naslain","doi":"10.3176/oil.2020.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2020.2.04","url":null,"abstract":". Within the Moroccan natural resources valorisation scheme, new adsorbents have been prepared from oil shale by chemical and physical activation processes. The activation process the authors have developed in this study give effective adsorbent materials. In view of the physico-chemical properties of these materials and application to the treatment of water loaded with a metal (Cr 6+ ion) or organic (methylene blue (MB)) pollutant, it is concluded that the chemical activation process of oil shale at low temperature (250 °C) affords the best material. The material’s yield is good in comparison with the physical activation at the same temperature and the process is energy saving differently from that at 450 °C. Moreover, the chemical activation of oil shale with phosphoric acid at 250 °C produces a material with a good yield (about 70%), a high specific surface area (approximately 600 m 2 /g) and a highly porous structure, which gives it a high retention of methylene blue and the Cr 6+ ion.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89674286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Producing valuable transportation fuels from shale oil has long been a goal, but to meet modern environmental regulations significant upgrading is required to remove heteroatoms. The large quantities of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in shale oil is one of the major obstacles that limit its use. Unlike petroleum upgrading, where desulfurization is the main process, for shale oils denitrification and deoxygenation are also important. This review compiles and summarizes the extensive research that has been performed on removing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from shale oil. By far the most widely researched method has been hydrotreatment, but work done with other methods is also presented.
{"title":"Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil","authors":"Z. Baird, V. Oja, H. Rang","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/jyc8r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jyc8r","url":null,"abstract":"Producing valuable transportation fuels from shale oil has long been a goal, but to meet modern environmental regulations significant upgrading is required to remove heteroatoms. The large quantities of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in shale oil is one of the major obstacles that limit its use. Unlike petroleum upgrading, where desulfurization is the main process, for shale oils denitrification and deoxygenation are also important. This review compiles and summarizes the extensive research that has been performed on removing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from shale oil. By far the most widely researched method has been hydrotreatment, but work done with other methods is also presented.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76046564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119066699.ch1
K. Milliken, N. Hayman
{"title":"Mudrock Components and the Genesis of Bulk Rock Properties","authors":"K. Milliken, N. Hayman","doi":"10.1002/9781119066699.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066699.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119066699.ch1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72416862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119066699.ch2
Y. Kharaka, Kathleen D. Gans, E. Rowan, J. J. Thordsen, C. Conaway, M. Blondes, M. Engle
{"title":"Chemical Composition of Formation Water in Shale and Tight Reservoirs","authors":"Y. Kharaka, Kathleen D. Gans, E. Rowan, J. J. Thordsen, C. Conaway, M. Blondes, M. Engle","doi":"10.1002/9781119066699.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066699.ch2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73560810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119066699.ch8
P. Bossart, C. Nussbaum, K. Schuster
{"title":"Generation and Self‐Sealing of the Excavation‐Damaged Zone (EDZ) Around a Subsurface Excavation in a Claystone","authors":"P. Bossart, C. Nussbaum, K. Schuster","doi":"10.1002/9781119066699.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066699.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"11621 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85880002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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