{"title":"Underground oil shale mine surveying using handheld mobile laser scanners","authors":"A. Ellmann, S. Kanter, E. Väli","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2021.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2021.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"117 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90258264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kaldas, A. Niidu, Gert Preegel, J. Uustalu, K. Muldma, M. Lopp
. Society’s growing demands on everyday products and materials are increasingly difficult to meet in an environment that seeks to avoid petroleum-based processes. Instead of abandoning fossil materials altogether, more research should be done on their efficient and clean conversion. One option for this is the oxidative dissolution of kerogen in water under conditions that satisfy the subcritical range (T = 150–200 °C, pO 2 = 0.5–4 MPa). The resulting mixture contains a substantial amount of various aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Both batch and semi-continuous processes were set up to find the main factors and optimal conditions for the kerogen dissolution process. The rate of transformation of organic carbon to dissolved organic compounds was mainly influenced by elevated temperature and oxygen partial pressure. To obtain high yields of organic carbon dissolution and to avoid the formation of excess CO 2 , the oxidation of kerogen should be carried out fast (< 1 h) and under high oxygen pressure. By employing a temperature of 175 °C and O 2 pressure of 2 MPa, over 65% of the initial organic carbon dissolves in about one hour. Prolonged reaction times or harsher oxidation conditions resulted in a rapid degradation of dissolved matter and also of the valuable products formed. The organic matter content of the initial oil shale had a direct effect on the further degradation of dicarboxylic acid and consequently on the overall yield. The suitability of using a trickle-bed reactor for kerogen dissolution is discussed in detail on the basis of experimental results.
{"title":"Aspects of kerogen oxidative dissolution in subcritical water using oxygen from air","authors":"K. Kaldas, A. Niidu, Gert Preegel, J. Uustalu, K. Muldma, M. Lopp","doi":"10.3176/oil.2021.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2021.3.02","url":null,"abstract":". Society’s growing demands on everyday products and materials are increasingly difficult to meet in an environment that seeks to avoid petroleum-based processes. Instead of abandoning fossil materials altogether, more research should be done on their efficient and clean conversion. One option for this is the oxidative dissolution of kerogen in water under conditions that satisfy the subcritical range (T = 150–200 °C, pO 2 = 0.5–4 MPa). The resulting mixture contains a substantial amount of various aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Both batch and semi-continuous processes were set up to find the main factors and optimal conditions for the kerogen dissolution process. The rate of transformation of organic carbon to dissolved organic compounds was mainly influenced by elevated temperature and oxygen partial pressure. To obtain high yields of organic carbon dissolution and to avoid the formation of excess CO 2 , the oxidation of kerogen should be carried out fast (< 1 h) and under high oxygen pressure. By employing a temperature of 175 °C and O 2 pressure of 2 MPa, over 65% of the initial organic carbon dissolves in about one hour. Prolonged reaction times or harsher oxidation conditions resulted in a rapid degradation of dissolved matter and also of the valuable products formed. The organic matter content of the initial oil shale had a direct effect on the further degradation of dicarboxylic acid and consequently on the overall yield. The suitability of using a trickle-bed reactor for kerogen dissolution is discussed in detail on the basis of experimental results.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77634522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hain, R. Kuusik, L. Raado, J. Reinik, P. Somelar, Kadriann Tamm, A. Trikkel, M. Uibu, R. Viires
{"title":"The composition and properties of ash in the context of the modernisation of oil shale industry","authors":"T. Hain, R. Kuusik, L. Raado, J. Reinik, P. Somelar, Kadriann Tamm, A. Trikkel, M. Uibu, R. Viires","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2021.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2021.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"35 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88768123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kirsimäe, A. Konist, K. Leben, R. Mõtlep, T. Pihu
{"title":"Carbon dioxide sequestration in power plant Ca-rich ash waste deposits","authors":"K. Kirsimäe, A. Konist, K. Leben, R. Mõtlep, T. Pihu","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2021.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2021.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"22 4","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72608148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Composition of gas from pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale with various sweep gases","authors":"Z. Baird, O. Järvik, S. Mozaffari","doi":"10.3176/oil.2021.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2021.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90219440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The characteristics and kinetics of co-pyrolysis of furfural residue with oil shale semi-coke","authors":"Y. Chen, J. Xuanyu, Y. Yang","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2021.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2021.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"13 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81451835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical study of the flow, heat transfer and pyrolysis process in the gas full circulation oil shale retort","authors":"F. Dai, J. Huang, H. Lu, L. Pan, S. Pei, Q. Wu","doi":"10.3176/oil.2021.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2021.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82453195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. A detailed geochemical and mineralogical study was carried out on the Lokpanta oil shale (OS), Nigeria. Samples from three drill cores and several outcrops were studied in order to understand OS general geochemistry and reconstruct tectonic and depositional settings as well as paleoredox conditions. The mineral phases in OS include calcite, quartz, dolomite, feldspar, illite, kaolinite, halloysite, pyrite and gypsum, as well as a trace amount of anatase. The Lokpanta oil shale shows little variation in geochemistry. It is depleted in trace elements Ba and Rb and major compounds except CaO, and is enriched in trace elements Mo, Sb, As, V, Zn, Ni and U with reference to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS). These enrichments are, however, in most cases lower than those in the Estonian graptolite argillite (GA). Trace element ratios (U/Th, Ni/Co, V/Ni, V/(V + Ni) V/(V + Cr)) indicate that the Lokpanta oil shale was deposited in an anoxic environment. Discriminant diagrams also suggest its deposition in an active continental margin setting and a transitional to marine environment. The geochemical and paleoenvironmental features of the Lokpanta oil shale were compared with those of the Estonian graptolite argillite .
{"title":"General geology and geochemistry of the Lokpanta Formation oil shale, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ofili, A. Soesoo","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2021.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2021.1.01","url":null,"abstract":". A detailed geochemical and mineralogical study was carried out on the Lokpanta oil shale (OS), Nigeria. Samples from three drill cores and several outcrops were studied in order to understand OS general geochemistry and reconstruct tectonic and depositional settings as well as paleoredox conditions. The mineral phases in OS include calcite, quartz, dolomite, feldspar, illite, kaolinite, halloysite, pyrite and gypsum, as well as a trace amount of anatase. The Lokpanta oil shale shows little variation in geochemistry. It is depleted in trace elements Ba and Rb and major compounds except CaO, and is enriched in trace elements Mo, Sb, As, V, Zn, Ni and U with reference to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS). These enrichments are, however, in most cases lower than those in the Estonian graptolite argillite (GA). Trace element ratios (U/Th, Ni/Co, V/Ni, V/(V + Ni) V/(V + Cr)) indicate that the Lokpanta oil shale was deposited in an anoxic environment. Discriminant diagrams also suggest its deposition in an active continental margin setting and a transitional to marine environment. The geochemical and paleoenvironmental features of the Lokpanta oil shale were compared with those of the Estonian graptolite argillite .","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86914062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the permeability of oil shale during in situ pyrolysis","authors":"Y. Geng, L. Li, Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.3176/OIL.2021.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/OIL.2021.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"115 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83470334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The use of biomass (BM) and oil shale (OS) blends for the production of cleaner and improved fuels and chemicals through co-pyrolysis has recently attracted attention. The potential benefits, synergetic effects, interactions and promotion and inhibition effects of co-pyrolysis of BM and OS are reviewed and analyzed in this article based on an overview of various recent studies of co-pyrolysis, including the experimental and operational parameters and the yield and composition of the products. The effects of co-pyrolysis on different feedstock blends are discussed to guide future research on BM and OS copyrolysis. The effects of different pyrolysis parameters that can improve the pyrolysis process and quality of products are also reviewed. These parameters include CO 2 and steam atmospheres, heating rate, reaction temperature and particle size. Overall, in most cases reviewed, co-pyrolysis can enhance the yields of bio-oils, producer gas and chars as well as improve their properties while reducing the environmental effects of fossil fuels.
{"title":"Current status of co-pyrolysis of oil shale and biomass","authors":"A. Cerón, A. Konist, H. Lees, O. Järvik","doi":"10.3176/oil.2021.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2021.3.04","url":null,"abstract":". The use of biomass (BM) and oil shale (OS) blends for the production of cleaner and improved fuels and chemicals through co-pyrolysis has recently attracted attention. The potential benefits, synergetic effects, interactions and promotion and inhibition effects of co-pyrolysis of BM and OS are reviewed and analyzed in this article based on an overview of various recent studies of co-pyrolysis, including the experimental and operational parameters and the yield and composition of the products. The effects of co-pyrolysis on different feedstock blends are discussed to guide future research on BM and OS copyrolysis. The effects of different pyrolysis parameters that can improve the pyrolysis process and quality of products are also reviewed. These parameters include CO 2 and steam atmospheres, heating rate, reaction temperature and particle size. Overall, in most cases reviewed, co-pyrolysis can enhance the yields of bio-oils, producer gas and chars as well as improve their properties while reducing the environmental effects of fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87175173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}