Pyrolysis oils are usually considered as substitutes for crude oil; however, they can also be sources of valuable compounds. One such pyrolysis oil is shale oil obtained by pyrolysis of kukersite oil shale. K shale oil consists mainly of aromatic structures with straight alkyl side chains. For samples with comparable boiling point distributions, kukersite shale oil is more aromatic than petroleum and many other shale oils. Sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are often incorporated into the ring structures, with much of the oxygen also present as phenolic hydroxyl groups.To evaluate the potential for producing some specific compounds from kukersite shale oil foundational data on the composition is needed. Here we analyze new data on the elemental composition and infrared spectrum of kukersite shale oil to investigate its composition. To get detailed information on how the composition of the oil changes depending on the average molecular weight of the oil fraction, the shale oil was separated into narrow boiling fractions using distillation.The results show that the nitrogen content in kukersite shale oil increases with the boiling temperature, with the heaviest fractions containing about 0.3 wt%. Sulfur content reaches a maximum of almost 2 wt% for fractions boiling between 150 and 190 °C, and heavier fractions contain about 0.7 wt%. Similarly, the proportion of hydroxyl groups in kukersite shale oil peaks in the fraction boiling at about 320 °C, with heavier fractions containing more aromatic and alkyl functional groups. The elemental composition of kukersite shale oil is also compared to that of other shale oils.
{"title":"The composition of kukersite shale oil","authors":"Z. Baird, O. Järvik, V. Oja","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/wg42q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/wg42q","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis oils are usually considered as substitutes for crude oil; however, they can also be sources of valuable compounds. One such pyrolysis oil is shale oil obtained by pyrolysis of kukersite oil shale. K shale oil consists mainly of aromatic structures with straight alkyl side chains. For samples with comparable boiling point distributions, kukersite shale oil is more aromatic than petroleum and many other shale oils. Sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are often incorporated into the ring structures, with much of the oxygen also present as phenolic hydroxyl groups.To evaluate the potential for producing some specific compounds from kukersite shale oil foundational data on the composition is needed. Here we analyze new data on the elemental composition and infrared spectrum of kukersite shale oil to investigate its composition. To get detailed information on how the composition of the oil changes depending on the average molecular weight of the oil fraction, the shale oil was separated into narrow boiling fractions using distillation.The results show that the nitrogen content in kukersite shale oil increases with the boiling temperature, with the heaviest fractions containing about 0.3 wt%. Sulfur content reaches a maximum of almost 2 wt% for fractions boiling between 150 and 190 °C, and heavier fractions contain about 0.7 wt%. Similarly, the proportion of hydroxyl groups in kukersite shale oil peaks in the fraction boiling at about 320 °C, with heavier fractions containing more aromatic and alkyl functional groups. The elemental composition of kukersite shale oil is also compared to that of other shale oils.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76353767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bat-Ulzii, D. Batkhishig, N. Jargalsaikhan, B. Myagmargerel, B. Purevsuren
{"title":"Investigation of oil shale and its pyrolysis tar from the Uvurjargalant deposit in Mongolia","authors":"B. Bat-Ulzii, D. Batkhishig, N. Jargalsaikhan, B. Myagmargerel, B. Purevsuren","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73902665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Baird, Vahur Oja, PhD Jelena Tearo, PhD Natalja Hruljova, Mrs Ilme Savest, Mr Einart Rohtla, MSc Sven Lindaru, MSc Pamela Kamenev, MSc Ruth Puidak, Rooleht Mrs, Hanna Ennomäe
. This article investigates a potential for using models based on infrared spectra to predict basic thermodynamic properties of narrow boiling range oil fractions or pseudocomponents. The work took advantage of the simultaneous availability of a property database of narrow boiling range fractions of Kukersite oil shale retort oil (from the industrial retorting process) together with infrared spectra of these fractions. The work was based on the hypothesis that the models based on infrared spectra could potentially be used to reduce experimental data when developing other predictive methods, or even as a substitute for other prediction methods. In this study four basic oil properties, which are often used to predict other thermodynamic properties, were predicted from infrared spectra using support vector regression. These were specific gravity, refractive index parameter, average boiling point and molecular weight. According to bulk property prediction approach these selected properties can be grouped into energy parameters (two former) and size parameters (two latter). It was found that, for distillation fractions with varying compositions, both the energy parameters (specific gravity, refractive index) as well as the size parameters (molecular weight, average boiling point) can be predicted from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and that the accuracy of the predictions based on infrared spectra was comparable with the accuracies of petroleum bulk property correlations. Thus, infrared spectra can provide a convenient alternative in the thermodynamic property prediction field because they can be easily measured and correlated to a wide variety of properties.
{"title":"Multivariate models based on infrared spectra as a substitute for oil property correlations to predict thermodynamic properties: evaluated on the basis of the narrow-boiling fractions of Kukersite retort oil","authors":"Z. Baird, Vahur Oja, PhD Jelena Tearo, PhD Natalja Hruljova, Mrs Ilme Savest, Mr Einart Rohtla, MSc Sven Lindaru, MSc Pamela Kamenev, MSc Ruth Puidak, Rooleht Mrs, Hanna Ennomäe","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.1.02","url":null,"abstract":". This article investigates a potential for using models based on infrared spectra to predict basic thermodynamic properties of narrow boiling range oil fractions or pseudocomponents. The work took advantage of the simultaneous availability of a property database of narrow boiling range fractions of Kukersite oil shale retort oil (from the industrial retorting process) together with infrared spectra of these fractions. The work was based on the hypothesis that the models based on infrared spectra could potentially be used to reduce experimental data when developing other predictive methods, or even as a substitute for other prediction methods. In this study four basic oil properties, which are often used to predict other thermodynamic properties, were predicted from infrared spectra using support vector regression. These were specific gravity, refractive index parameter, average boiling point and molecular weight. According to bulk property prediction approach these selected properties can be grouped into energy parameters (two former) and size parameters (two latter). It was found that, for distillation fractions with varying compositions, both the energy parameters (specific gravity, refractive index) as well as the size parameters (molecular weight, average boiling point) can be predicted from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and that the accuracy of the predictions based on infrared spectra was comparable with the accuracies of petroleum bulk property correlations. Thus, infrared spectra can provide a convenient alternative in the thermodynamic property prediction field because they can be easily measured and correlated to a wide variety of properties.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84107571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduction of life cyle impacts of oil shale electricity caused by the shift to fluidized bed combustion technology","authors":"S. Talve, E. Põld","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80385723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on pore and fracture evolution characteristics of oil shale pyrolysed by high-temperature water vapour","authors":"Z. Kang, L. Wang, D. Yang, L. Yang, J. Zhao","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75932752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinetic analysis of the catalytic pyrolysis of Jimsar oil shale with CoCl2·6H2O","authors":"N. Pan, L. Zhou","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84981988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In hydrotreating the reactivity of the mineral matter of the oil shale from the five layers of the Tarfaya deposit and the M layer of the Timahdit deposit, both located in Morocco, is different. This reactivity is a function of the climates of the geological eras: Z0 (Tertiary era: cold climate), Z1 (Maestrichtian: hot climate), Z2 (Senonian: cold climate), Z3 (Turonian: warm climate) and Z4 (Cenomanian: warm climate). This explains why the Z3 and Z4 layers are the most reactive, also due to the location of the low peak temperatures as established by derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) for these two layers. There was also a disproportion between the DTG peak area values and the reactivity of the mineral material. The composition of dolomite CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 in the Z1 layer is responsible for the low reactivity observed for this layer.
{"title":"Mineral matter hydropyrolysis of Tarfaya oil shale and influence of sedimentation edge","authors":"A. Attaoui, M. Nadif, M. Hafid, K. Amzil","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.4.04","url":null,"abstract":". In hydrotreating the reactivity of the mineral matter of the oil shale from the five layers of the Tarfaya deposit and the M layer of the Timahdit deposit, both located in Morocco, is different. This reactivity is a function of the climates of the geological eras: Z0 (Tertiary era: cold climate), Z1 (Maestrichtian: hot climate), Z2 (Senonian: cold climate), Z3 (Turonian: warm climate) and Z4 (Cenomanian: warm climate). This explains why the Z3 and Z4 layers are the most reactive, also due to the location of the low peak temperatures as established by derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) for these two layers. There was also a disproportion between the DTG peak area values and the reactivity of the mineral material. The composition of dolomite CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 in the Z1 layer is responsible for the low reactivity observed for this layer.","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86757767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Viscosity data for kukersite shale gasoline fractions","authors":"Z. Baird, A. Yanchilin, V. Oja, O. Järvik","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"87 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84030327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Al-Ayed, T. El-Hasan, A. Amro, M. Matouq, F. Kooli
{"title":"Treated oil shale ash and its capacity to remove Cd and Pb from aqueous solutions","authors":"O. Al-Ayed, T. El-Hasan, A. Amro, M. Matouq, F. Kooli","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79196030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Altantuya, G. Enkhjargal, B. Enkhsaruul, D. Monkhoobor, J. Narangerel, G. Oyunbileg
{"title":"Characterization and pyrolysis of Mongolian Uvdug Khooloin Gashuun oil shale","authors":"T. Altantuya, G. Enkhjargal, B. Enkhsaruul, D. Monkhoobor, J. Narangerel, G. Oyunbileg","doi":"10.3176/oil.2022.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/oil.2022.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19441,"journal":{"name":"Oil Shale","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89494881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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