Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107081
Tina Shumate, Rhonda Price, A. Thorpe
The Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR) has developed the Powering Renewal project to help Gulf Coast communities rebuild with clean energy. This project will support the installation of three renewable energy demonstration projects on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The MDMR has contracted with CDM, a global consulting, engineering, construction and operations firm, to execute the Powering Renewal project. Funding for the project was made available through the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP) funds. CIAP authorizes funds to be distributed to outer continental shelf (OCS) oil and gas producing states to mitigate the impacts of OCS activities.
{"title":"Financing renewable energy projects: Leveraging resources for long-term sustainable impacts","authors":"Tina Shumate, Rhonda Price, A. Thorpe","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107081","url":null,"abstract":"The Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR) has developed the Powering Renewal project to help Gulf Coast communities rebuild with clean energy. This project will support the installation of three renewable energy demonstration projects on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The MDMR has contracted with CDM, a global consulting, engineering, construction and operations firm, to execute the Powering Renewal project. Funding for the project was made available through the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP) funds. CIAP authorizes funds to be distributed to outer continental shelf (OCS) oil and gas producing states to mitigate the impacts of OCS activities.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89475827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107140
R. Heitsenrether, W. Hensley, J. Boon
The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) is responsible for developing and maintaining the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON), which consists of over 200 long-term observatories located across U.S. coasts, including the Great Lakes and U. S. island territories. CO-OPS continues to analyze state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to identify potential improvements in data quality and operating efficiency and to maintain core expertise for authorized missions. The international ocean observing community has recognized that microwave radar range sensors offer many potential benefits for long-term sea level monitoring. The most notable advantage of such sensors is the ability to measure water level remotely and from above the sea surface. Over the past 3.5 years, CO-OPS has conducted a series of extensive laboratory and long-term field tests with several different microwave radar range sensors to determine their suitability for use as water level sensors in NWLON and other CO-OPS measurements systems. Intermediate results from CO-OPS' extensive test efforts have been previously reported at various conferences and through several reports over the last three years. This paper provides a summary update on field test analysis conducted to date and reports a significant milestone to which most recent results have led: CO-OPS has recommended limited acceptance of radar water level sensors for use in its network of coastal observatories, and a transition of the new technology to operational applications is currently underway. In addition to a summary of most recent field test results, highlights from CO-OPS' plan to transition the microwave radar water level sensors to its network of operational coastal observatories will be presented, along with progress on initial operational installations. A summary of continued field testing to better understand microwave radar sensor performance capability and limitations in open ocean, large wave environments will also be presented.
{"title":"Results from NOAA's test and evaluation of microwave radar water level sensors and plans for a transition to operational applications","authors":"R. Heitsenrether, W. Hensley, J. Boon","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107140","url":null,"abstract":"The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) is responsible for developing and maintaining the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON), which consists of over 200 long-term observatories located across U.S. coasts, including the Great Lakes and U. S. island territories. CO-OPS continues to analyze state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to identify potential improvements in data quality and operating efficiency and to maintain core expertise for authorized missions. The international ocean observing community has recognized that microwave radar range sensors offer many potential benefits for long-term sea level monitoring. The most notable advantage of such sensors is the ability to measure water level remotely and from above the sea surface. Over the past 3.5 years, CO-OPS has conducted a series of extensive laboratory and long-term field tests with several different microwave radar range sensors to determine their suitability for use as water level sensors in NWLON and other CO-OPS measurements systems. Intermediate results from CO-OPS' extensive test efforts have been previously reported at various conferences and through several reports over the last three years. This paper provides a summary update on field test analysis conducted to date and reports a significant milestone to which most recent results have led: CO-OPS has recommended limited acceptance of radar water level sensors for use in its network of coastal observatories, and a transition of the new technology to operational applications is currently underway. In addition to a summary of most recent field test results, highlights from CO-OPS' plan to transition the microwave radar water level sensors to its network of operational coastal observatories will be presented, along with progress on initial operational installations. A summary of continued field testing to better understand microwave radar sensor performance capability and limitations in open ocean, large wave environments will also be presented.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107103
E. Zamanizadeh, J. Gomes, J. Bioucas-Dias
Localization of underwater acoustic (UWA) sources using observed signals is a popular research topic that has many potential applications, both military and civilian (e.g., navigation of underwater vehicles, mine hunting, marine mammal studies). This work adopts an inverse problem framework where the temporal and spatial structure of multipath observed at an array of sensors deployed in an ocean waveguide is exploited to determine the source position. The proposed method aims at deriving useful spatial information as side information from high-frequency signals used for underwater acoustic communication. The approach involves several steps: (i) estimating channel responses and segmenting wavefronts to recover the temporal and spatial structure of multipath arrivals at the receiver array; (ii) computing a coarse source position estimate with no a priori knowledge of its location and only crude environmental information; (iii) refining the source location using model-based tomographic methods that match observed vs. predicted wavefront arrival patterns across the array through ray tracing. The Coarse Source Localization (CSL) scheme uses an algorithm for free-space localization based on time differences of arrival, and several modifications are discussed to adapt it to non-homogeneous underwater waveguides. The ensuing Model-Based Source Localization (MBSL) scheme uses an iterative linearized least-squares algorithm and benefits from the good accuracy of CSL to attain very fast convergence and avoid local extrema of its multimodal cost function. The algorithms are tested in simulation and using experimental data (CALCOM'10) for high-frequency transmissions at ranges from 200 m to 1 km.
{"title":"Source localization from time-differences of arrival using high-frequency communication signals","authors":"E. Zamanizadeh, J. Gomes, J. Bioucas-Dias","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107103","url":null,"abstract":"Localization of underwater acoustic (UWA) sources using observed signals is a popular research topic that has many potential applications, both military and civilian (e.g., navigation of underwater vehicles, mine hunting, marine mammal studies). This work adopts an inverse problem framework where the temporal and spatial structure of multipath observed at an array of sensors deployed in an ocean waveguide is exploited to determine the source position. The proposed method aims at deriving useful spatial information as side information from high-frequency signals used for underwater acoustic communication. The approach involves several steps: (i) estimating channel responses and segmenting wavefronts to recover the temporal and spatial structure of multipath arrivals at the receiver array; (ii) computing a coarse source position estimate with no a priori knowledge of its location and only crude environmental information; (iii) refining the source location using model-based tomographic methods that match observed vs. predicted wavefront arrival patterns across the array through ray tracing. The Coarse Source Localization (CSL) scheme uses an algorithm for free-space localization based on time differences of arrival, and several modifications are discussed to adapt it to non-homogeneous underwater waveguides. The ensuing Model-Based Source Localization (MBSL) scheme uses an iterative linearized least-squares algorithm and benefits from the good accuracy of CSL to attain very fast convergence and avoid local extrema of its multimodal cost function. The algorithms are tested in simulation and using experimental data (CALCOM'10) for high-frequency transmissions at ranges from 200 m to 1 km.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73489578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106991
Takero Yoshida, C. Rheem
This paper describes a simulation of SAR raw signals in time-domain. We had developed a time domain simulation technique to calculate microwave backscattering from the moving sea surface with a fixed radar. It has been improved with considering movements of a radar which is assumed as a SAR. In the simulation, physical optics approximation is applied to calculate backscattered microwaves. SAR raw signals from a target have been simulated as a part of SAR image simulation. Furthermore, in order to simulate SAR images of the moving sea surface, azimuth shifts from a moving target have discussed. These results show that the simulation can generate ocean SAR images in time-domain for sea surface observations.
{"title":"Time domain numerical simulation of microwave backscattering for ocean SAR image","authors":"Takero Yoshida, C. Rheem","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106991","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a simulation of SAR raw signals in time-domain. We had developed a time domain simulation technique to calculate microwave backscattering from the moving sea surface with a fixed radar. It has been improved with considering movements of a radar which is assumed as a SAR. In the simulation, physical optics approximation is applied to calculate backscattered microwaves. SAR raw signals from a target have been simulated as a part of SAR image simulation. Furthermore, in order to simulate SAR images of the moving sea surface, azimuth shifts from a moving target have discussed. These results show that the simulation can generate ocean SAR images in time-domain for sea surface observations.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"100 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76645245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107232
P. Crowhurst, J. Lowe
Nautilus Minerals is the world leader in exploration and development of ocean seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) resources. The company is currently focused on exploration for new SMS resources in the South Western Pacific and its first development project, to recover high grade copper, gold and silver mineralisation from the Solwara 1 site in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea.
{"title":"Exploration and resource drilling of seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea","authors":"P. Crowhurst, J. Lowe","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107232","url":null,"abstract":"Nautilus Minerals is the world leader in exploration and development of ocean seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) resources. The company is currently focused on exploration for new SMS resources in the South Western Pacific and its first development project, to recover high grade copper, gold and silver mineralisation from the Solwara 1 site in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78219034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107247
Yen-Da Chen, Shu-Sheng Liu, C. Chang, K. Shih
Due to the nature of water, instead of radio wave, sound wave is used for transmission in underwater wireless acoustic networks (UWANs). Based on the analysis of this paper, comparison to the performance in wireless ad hoc networks, hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem have a higher impact on that in UWANs. In this paper, a Channel Stealing MAC (CS-MAC) protocol is proposed not only to prevent hidden terminal problem but also to mitigate exposed terminal problem in UWANs. Some geometry theorems are provided for node to increase channel utilization in CS-MAC. Performance is evaluated by ns-2, and simulation results also verify that CS-MAC outperforms in channel utilization and transmission delay.
{"title":"CS-MAC: A Channel Stealing MAC protocol for improving bandwidth utilization in underwater wireless acoustic networks","authors":"Yen-Da Chen, Shu-Sheng Liu, C. Chang, K. Shih","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107247","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the nature of water, instead of radio wave, sound wave is used for transmission in underwater wireless acoustic networks (UWANs). Based on the analysis of this paper, comparison to the performance in wireless ad hoc networks, hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem have a higher impact on that in UWANs. In this paper, a Channel Stealing MAC (CS-MAC) protocol is proposed not only to prevent hidden terminal problem but also to mitigate exposed terminal problem in UWANs. Some geometry theorems are provided for node to increase channel utilization in CS-MAC. Performance is evaluated by ns-2, and simulation results also verify that CS-MAC outperforms in channel utilization and transmission delay.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75014697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107236
L. Murray
The Learning Science through Research program enhances middle and high school science education by linking it with state-of-the-art research through a two-part program. The program's professional development workshops for secondary science teachers provide background information on ocean sciences and related research. The program's second component, the student lessons and field trips to our research laboratory, provide students with the opportunity to conduct experiments using first-rate instrumentation and technology.
{"title":"Learning Science through Research","authors":"L. Murray","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107236","url":null,"abstract":"The Learning Science through Research program enhances middle and high school science education by linking it with state-of-the-art research through a two-part program. The program's professional development workshops for secondary science teachers provide background information on ocean sciences and related research. The program's second component, the student lessons and field trips to our research laboratory, provide students with the opportunity to conduct experiments using first-rate instrumentation and technology.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75115941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107041
E. Moorits, A. Usk, T. Kõuts
This paper presents a method for measuring wave height with navigational buoys which are equipped with an acceleration sensor. The developed method differs from other similar methods by the ability to measure wave height with buoys which are not perfect wave followers - typical in case of navigational buoys. The paper summarizes the experimental study performed using operational marine navigational buoys as sources of wave data, in comparison with wave measurements performed with pressure based wave height and period gauges. Comparative measurements were made in variable forcing conditions and results show good agreement between those two datasets. Some differences that occur mainly during rapid changes of wave parameters, such as during build up and decay of the wave field, can be explained by physical properties of navigational buoys (shape and weight).
{"title":"Wave height measurement as a secondary function of navigational buoys","authors":"E. Moorits, A. Usk, T. Kõuts","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for measuring wave height with navigational buoys which are equipped with an acceleration sensor. The developed method differs from other similar methods by the ability to measure wave height with buoys which are not perfect wave followers - typical in case of navigational buoys. The paper summarizes the experimental study performed using operational marine navigational buoys as sources of wave data, in comparison with wave measurements performed with pressure based wave height and period gauges. Comparative measurements were made in variable forcing conditions and results show good agreement between those two datasets. Some differences that occur mainly during rapid changes of wave parameters, such as during build up and decay of the wave field, can be explained by physical properties of navigational buoys (shape and weight).","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75273316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107096
John C. Anderson, M. Davis, Kayo Fujiwara, Tie Fang, Jose M. Andres, Michael Nedbal
This paper describes recent efforts to create a fully interactive visualization system that operates within a standard desktop web browser. We present the client-server architecture of the new system, in which a visualization server is able to stream rendered images to a lightweight client operating within a user's web browser. We show that this system is practical in various usage scenarios, including a marine environmental display and collaborative visualization of massive LIDAR point clouds, and that it is an effective means to bring scientific visualization to low-powered desktops computers and tablets.
{"title":"Web-based scientific visualization software for geospatial displays and collaborative applications","authors":"John C. Anderson, M. Davis, Kayo Fujiwara, Tie Fang, Jose M. Andres, Michael Nedbal","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes recent efforts to create a fully interactive visualization system that operates within a standard desktop web browser. We present the client-server architecture of the new system, in which a visualization server is able to stream rendered images to a lightweight client operating within a user's web browser. We show that this system is practical in various usage scenarios, including a marine environmental display and collaborative visualization of massive LIDAR point clouds, and that it is an effective means to bring scientific visualization to low-powered desktops computers and tablets.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75648289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107006
Weimin Huang, E. Gill
A method for extracting sea surface wind direction information from bistatic high frequency (HF) radar Doppler spectra is presented. By analogy to the monostatic case, the ratio of the intensities of the positive and negative bistatic Bragg peaks is used to derive the (ambiguous) wind direction. For bistatic operation, the reference is taken with respect to the scattering ellipse normal rather than the radar beam direction. The method is shown to be valid based on simulated bistatic HF radar Doppler spectra.
{"title":"Extraction of sea surface wind direction from bistatic high-frequency radar Doppler spectra","authors":"Weimin Huang, E. Gill","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107006","url":null,"abstract":"A method for extracting sea surface wind direction information from bistatic high frequency (HF) radar Doppler spectra is presented. By analogy to the monostatic case, the ratio of the intensities of the positive and negative bistatic Bragg peaks is used to derive the (ambiguous) wind direction. For bistatic operation, the reference is taken with respect to the scattering ellipse normal rather than the radar beam direction. The method is shown to be valid based on simulated bistatic HF radar Doppler spectra.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75744571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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