Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107318
Tony W. Lewis
European researchers and development companies are involved with wave and tidal energy systems which are, in many cases, reaching the pre-commercial stage. This paper describes the fundamental research and development stages which are necessary for a technology developer to achieve a successful outcome. The progress of a number of developers with devices that are being tested at sea is described as well as other systems which are at an earlier stage of development.
{"title":"The status of ocean energy development in europe and some current research questions","authors":"Tony W. Lewis","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107318","url":null,"abstract":"European researchers and development companies are involved with wave and tidal energy systems which are, in many cases, reaching the pre-commercial stage. This paper describes the fundamental research and development stages which are necessary for a technology developer to achieve a successful outcome. The progress of a number of developers with devices that are being tested at sea is described as well as other systems which are at an earlier stage of development.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83209719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106894
E. Bernard, C. Meinig
The history of the development of real-time measurements of tsunamis in the deep ocean for the purpose of forecasting coastal tsunami impacts will be presented, with early history to include the various instruments tested to determine IF tsunamis could be measured in the deep ocean. The measurement of pressure changes induced by the tsunami required a high resolution pressure sensor installed on the seafloor, to provide a motionless environment that allowed the ocean to filter out higher frequency ocean waves. Instruments included bourdon tubes and vibrating crystals that rested on the seafloor and used the depth of the ocean as a pressure reference. Once deep ocean measurements were deemed possible, testing and evaluation was used to identify which technology was accurate, affordable, and reliable enough to be used for tsunami forecasting under tsunami warning conditions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had completed the research and development, including an operational prototype, by October of 2003, when the technology was transferred to NOAA operations. The first generation Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART I) array consisted of six stations strategically located off Alaska, Oregon, and near the equator to detect tsunamis originating in the Chile/Peru area. The original DART array demonstrated its value within four months by measuring a small tsunami originating in Alaska and relaying these data to NOAA's Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in real time. The tsunami data indicated a nondestructive tsunami had been generated and evacuation of Hawaii's coastline was unnecessary, saving the cost of a nonessential evacuation. The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed over 235,000 people, led to the development of the second generation system, named DART II because of the two-way communication link from seafloor to desktop. Another impact of this horrific tsunami was the appearance of many technologies that were touted as being able to detect tsunamis in the deep ocean. Satellite-based technologies, radar-based technologies, and acoustic-based technologies were identified as tsunami detection technologies. However, these technologies could not measure tsunamis as accurately, reliably, and within time constraints required to forecast tsunamis in real time. The pressuremeasurement- based DART technology prevailed as the most affordable and accurate technology to measure tsunamis for realtime forecasting. By 2008, NOAA had expanded the original DART array from 6 to 39 stations in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Because the U.S. wanted to make this technology available to all nations, NOAA licensed the patents for the technology and a commercial DART was manufactured by a U.S. private company that currently provides DART technology to foreign countries. Meanwhile, NOAA continued to make improvements to the original design, reducing operating costs and improving reliability. By 2010, over 40 tsunamis ha
{"title":"History and future of deep-ocean tsunami measurements","authors":"E. Bernard, C. Meinig","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106894","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the development of real-time measurements of tsunamis in the deep ocean for the purpose of forecasting coastal tsunami impacts will be presented, with early history to include the various instruments tested to determine IF tsunamis could be measured in the deep ocean. The measurement of pressure changes induced by the tsunami required a high resolution pressure sensor installed on the seafloor, to provide a motionless environment that allowed the ocean to filter out higher frequency ocean waves. Instruments included bourdon tubes and vibrating crystals that rested on the seafloor and used the depth of the ocean as a pressure reference. Once deep ocean measurements were deemed possible, testing and evaluation was used to identify which technology was accurate, affordable, and reliable enough to be used for tsunami forecasting under tsunami warning conditions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had completed the research and development, including an operational prototype, by October of 2003, when the technology was transferred to NOAA operations. The first generation Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART I) array consisted of six stations strategically located off Alaska, Oregon, and near the equator to detect tsunamis originating in the Chile/Peru area. The original DART array demonstrated its value within four months by measuring a small tsunami originating in Alaska and relaying these data to NOAA's Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in real time. The tsunami data indicated a nondestructive tsunami had been generated and evacuation of Hawaii's coastline was unnecessary, saving the cost of a nonessential evacuation. The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed over 235,000 people, led to the development of the second generation system, named DART II because of the two-way communication link from seafloor to desktop. Another impact of this horrific tsunami was the appearance of many technologies that were touted as being able to detect tsunamis in the deep ocean. Satellite-based technologies, radar-based technologies, and acoustic-based technologies were identified as tsunami detection technologies. However, these technologies could not measure tsunamis as accurately, reliably, and within time constraints required to forecast tsunamis in real time. The pressuremeasurement- based DART technology prevailed as the most affordable and accurate technology to measure tsunamis for realtime forecasting. By 2008, NOAA had expanded the original DART array from 6 to 39 stations in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Because the U.S. wanted to make this technology available to all nations, NOAA licensed the patents for the technology and a commercial DART was manufactured by a U.S. private company that currently provides DART technology to foreign countries. Meanwhile, NOAA continued to make improvements to the original design, reducing operating costs and improving reliability. By 2010, over 40 tsunamis ha","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81035419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107159
Nicolò Michelusi, B. Tomasi, U. Mitra, J. Preisig, M. Zorzi
The underwater acoustic channel has been usually modeled as sparse. However, in some scenarios of interest, e.g., shallow water environments due to the interaction with the surface and the seabed, the channel exhibits also a dense arrival of multipath components. In these cases, a Hybrid Sparse/Diffuse (HSD) channel representation, rather than a purely sparse one, may be more appropriate. In this work, we present the HSD channel model and channel estimators based on it. We evaluate these estimation strategies on the SPACE08 experimental data set.We show that the HSD estimators outperform the more conventional purely sparse and least squares estimators. Moreover, we show that an exponential Power Delay Profile (PDP) for the diffuse component is appropriate in scenarios where the receiver is far away from the transmitter. Finally, the HSD estimators and the exponential PDP model are shown to be robust even in scenarios where the channel does not exhibit a diffuse component.
{"title":"An evaluation of the hybrid sparse/diffuse algorithm for underwater acoustic channel estimation","authors":"Nicolò Michelusi, B. Tomasi, U. Mitra, J. Preisig, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107159","url":null,"abstract":"The underwater acoustic channel has been usually modeled as sparse. However, in some scenarios of interest, e.g., shallow water environments due to the interaction with the surface and the seabed, the channel exhibits also a dense arrival of multipath components. In these cases, a Hybrid Sparse/Diffuse (HSD) channel representation, rather than a purely sparse one, may be more appropriate. In this work, we present the HSD channel model and channel estimators based on it. We evaluate these estimation strategies on the SPACE08 experimental data set.We show that the HSD estimators outperform the more conventional purely sparse and least squares estimators. Moreover, we show that an exponential Power Delay Profile (PDP) for the diffuse component is appropriate in scenarios where the receiver is far away from the transmitter. Finally, the HSD estimators and the exponential PDP model are shown to be robust even in scenarios where the channel does not exhibit a diffuse component.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88509250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107316
A. Massoud, A. Noureldin
In antisubmarine warfare (ASW), fast and accurate angle of arrival (AOA) estimation is required in order to localize fast motion targets such as torpedoes. For this purpose we introduce in this paper a new approach called warped delay-and-sum (WDAS) beamforming to estimate the AOA of a narrowband source with uniform linear array (ULA). The basic idea of warped delay-and-sum (WDAS) beamforming is based on calculating the spatial spectrum of the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming at nonuniform spaced angles obtained by a spatial frequency transformation using a first order allpass function with a complex valued parameter. This research proves the perfection of the proposed method through simulation work. Moreover, a comparative study will be conducted to compare the performance with the conventional DAS beamforming.
{"title":"Angle of arrival estimation based on warped delay-and-sum (WDAS) beamforming technique","authors":"A. Massoud, A. Noureldin","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107316","url":null,"abstract":"In antisubmarine warfare (ASW), fast and accurate angle of arrival (AOA) estimation is required in order to localize fast motion targets such as torpedoes. For this purpose we introduce in this paper a new approach called warped delay-and-sum (WDAS) beamforming to estimate the AOA of a narrowband source with uniform linear array (ULA). The basic idea of warped delay-and-sum (WDAS) beamforming is based on calculating the spatial spectrum of the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming at nonuniform spaced angles obtained by a spatial frequency transformation using a first order allpass function with a complex valued parameter. This research proves the perfection of the proposed method through simulation work. Moreover, a comparative study will be conducted to compare the performance with the conventional DAS beamforming.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87183012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107126
E. Hanusa, D. Krout
This paper presents a method for using information from tracking to improve the results of contact classification. An Extended Kalman Filter is used to predict the target's state (position and velocity) at the current time. The predicted state is used to estimate the target's aspect and heading. The estimate is used in tandem with aspect-dependent features (Doppler and target strength) to classify contacts as targets or clutter. Results on three simulated datasets show that using the velocity estimate and the covariance from the track state results in increased classification accuracy.
{"title":"Improving contact classification by incorporating an estimate of aspect from track state","authors":"E. Hanusa, D. Krout","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107126","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for using information from tracking to improve the results of contact classification. An Extended Kalman Filter is used to predict the target's state (position and velocity) at the current time. The predicted state is used to estimate the target's aspect and heading. The estimate is used in tandem with aspect-dependent features (Doppler and target strength) to classify contacts as targets or clutter. Results on three simulated datasets show that using the velocity estimate and the covariance from the track state results in increased classification accuracy.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88128568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106924
Jiajia Zhou, X. Bian, Wei Zhang, Zhaodong Tang
The positioning problem of current profile data aided dead reckoning (DR) for autonomous underwater vehicle is addressed in this paper. Various types of instrumentations have been developed for ocean exploring, including conductivity temperature and depth (CTD), multi-beam sonar (MBS) and side scan sonar (SSS). During the measurement, the displacement which is going to be generated by DR, global position system (GPS), inertial navigation system (INS), or long baseline (LBL) must be considered seriously, because an ocean diagram measured by these sensors need this information badly. The doppler velocity log (DVL), which plays an important role in generating a reliable displacement, may be out of work sometime. In order to deal with the dropout or failure of DVL, the current track velocity measured by acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCP) is proposed to substitute for the bottom track velocity, which is going to be used by DR algorithm. The post-processing experiment demonstrates that the proposed DR position solution is not only low-cost, but also accurate.
{"title":"Current profile data aided positioning for autonomous underwater vehicles","authors":"Jiajia Zhou, X. Bian, Wei Zhang, Zhaodong Tang","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106924","url":null,"abstract":"The positioning problem of current profile data aided dead reckoning (DR) for autonomous underwater vehicle is addressed in this paper. Various types of instrumentations have been developed for ocean exploring, including conductivity temperature and depth (CTD), multi-beam sonar (MBS) and side scan sonar (SSS). During the measurement, the displacement which is going to be generated by DR, global position system (GPS), inertial navigation system (INS), or long baseline (LBL) must be considered seriously, because an ocean diagram measured by these sensors need this information badly. The doppler velocity log (DVL), which plays an important role in generating a reliable displacement, may be out of work sometime. In order to deal with the dropout or failure of DVL, the current track velocity measured by acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCP) is proposed to substitute for the bottom track velocity, which is going to be used by DR algorithm. The post-processing experiment demonstrates that the proposed DR position solution is not only low-cost, but also accurate.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86691757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107238
A. Gailler, H. Hébert, A. Loevenbruck, B. Hernandez
A first generation model-based tsunami prediction system is being developed as part of the French Tsunami Warning Center that will be operational by mid 2012. It involves a pre-computed unit source functions database (i.e., a number of tsunami model runs that are calculated ahead of time and stored) corresponding to tsunami scenarios generated by a source of seismic moment 1.75E+19 N.m. In addition, an authomatized composite scenarios calculation tool is implemented to allow the simulation of any tsunami propagation scenario (i.e., of any seismic moment). The strategy is based on linear combinations and scaling of a finite number of pre-computed unit source functions. This tool produces maps with uncertainties (in epicenter location and magnitude) of expected maximum wave amplitude in deep ocean at each grid node rapidly. A no-dimension code representation is chosen to show zones in the main axis of energy at the basin scale. An example on the 2003 Boumerdès earthquake (Mw=6.9, northeastern Algerian margin) is presented. This forecast system provides warning refinement compared to the rough tsunami risk map given by the decision matrix.
{"title":"Forecasting database for the Tsunami Warning Center for the western Mediterranean Sea","authors":"A. Gailler, H. Hébert, A. Loevenbruck, B. Hernandez","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107238","url":null,"abstract":"A first generation model-based tsunami prediction system is being developed as part of the French Tsunami Warning Center that will be operational by mid 2012. It involves a pre-computed unit source functions database (i.e., a number of tsunami model runs that are calculated ahead of time and stored) corresponding to tsunami scenarios generated by a source of seismic moment 1.75E+19 N.m. In addition, an authomatized composite scenarios calculation tool is implemented to allow the simulation of any tsunami propagation scenario (i.e., of any seismic moment). The strategy is based on linear combinations and scaling of a finite number of pre-computed unit source functions. This tool produces maps with uncertainties (in epicenter location and magnitude) of expected maximum wave amplitude in deep ocean at each grid node rapidly. A no-dimension code representation is chosen to show zones in the main axis of energy at the basin scale. An example on the 2003 Boumerdès earthquake (Mw=6.9, northeastern Algerian margin) is presented. This forecast system provides warning refinement compared to the rough tsunami risk map given by the decision matrix.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83611192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107170
C. Sylvester, C. Macon
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has advanced coastal mapping technologies for the past 2 decades. Advancements in both coastal mapping data acquisition technology and data fusion techniques are executed through the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise. The Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey system was initially designed in 1994 to produce bathymetric maps of the sea floor immediately surrounding federal navigation channels. The 2003 Compact Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey system integrated multiple topographic and bathymetric lidar sub-systems, an aerial camera, and a hyperspectral imager using a unique data fusion paradigm for use in regional coastal applications. The latest sensor development effort, the Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar system, provides the next generation of coastal mapping technology through state-of-the-art lasers, receivers, scanners, and imagers. These advancements increase system performance over a wider range of water clarity conditions compared to existing coastal mapping technologies. Further, temporal and geometric problems in the data streams are eliminated by the simultaneous collection and sharing of a single navigation solution. The CZMIL effort bundles a multi-tiered software development effort concurrent with the hardware improvements. CZMIL will enable the production of both traditional and innovative value-added information products that address regional physical and environmental concerns. This paper provides an overview of CZMIL technology, its data processing environment and anticipated data products.
{"title":"Coastal remote sensing through sensor and data fusion with CZMIL","authors":"C. Sylvester, C. Macon","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107170","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has advanced coastal mapping technologies for the past 2 decades. Advancements in both coastal mapping data acquisition technology and data fusion techniques are executed through the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise. The Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey system was initially designed in 1994 to produce bathymetric maps of the sea floor immediately surrounding federal navigation channels. The 2003 Compact Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey system integrated multiple topographic and bathymetric lidar sub-systems, an aerial camera, and a hyperspectral imager using a unique data fusion paradigm for use in regional coastal applications. The latest sensor development effort, the Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar system, provides the next generation of coastal mapping technology through state-of-the-art lasers, receivers, scanners, and imagers. These advancements increase system performance over a wider range of water clarity conditions compared to existing coastal mapping technologies. Further, temporal and geometric problems in the data streams are eliminated by the simultaneous collection and sharing of a single navigation solution. The CZMIL effort bundles a multi-tiered software development effort concurrent with the hardware improvements. CZMIL will enable the production of both traditional and innovative value-added information products that address regional physical and environmental concerns. This paper provides an overview of CZMIL technology, its data processing environment and anticipated data products.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85300267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107299
P. Hursky, M. Porter
The quest for raw computing power has shifted from increasing processor clock speeds to increasing the number of processing cores. Currently, mainstream CPUs can be purchased in dual-slot quad-core and hex-core configurations. On the other hand, graphic cards provide hundreds of processing cores. Although there have been various implementations of scientific applications on graphics hardware, including underwater acoustic modeling, widespread use of this technology has been hampered by the often extraordinary effort needed to program this hardware, especially if the application architecture did not match the canonical graphics pipeline for gaming. In the last few years, the major graphics board manufacturers have stepped away from designing hardware specialized for particular new graphic special effects and made a concerted effort to provide general-purpose computing capabilities, of the sort that can be exploited for scientific computing. For example, Nvidia's CUDA environment currently provides many building blocks for scientific computing, such as (subsets of) BLAS, LAPACK, and FFTs.
{"title":"Accelerating underwater acoustic propagation modeling using general purpose graphic processing units","authors":"P. Hursky, M. Porter","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107299","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for raw computing power has shifted from increasing processor clock speeds to increasing the number of processing cores. Currently, mainstream CPUs can be purchased in dual-slot quad-core and hex-core configurations. On the other hand, graphic cards provide hundreds of processing cores. Although there have been various implementations of scientific applications on graphics hardware, including underwater acoustic modeling, widespread use of this technology has been hampered by the often extraordinary effort needed to program this hardware, especially if the application architecture did not match the canonical graphics pipeline for gaming. In the last few years, the major graphics board manufacturers have stepped away from designing hardware specialized for particular new graphic special effects and made a concerted effort to provide general-purpose computing capabilities, of the sort that can be exploited for scientific computing. For example, Nvidia's CUDA environment currently provides many building blocks for scientific computing, such as (subsets of) BLAS, LAPACK, and FFTs.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91000240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-19DOI: 10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106893
C. Mader
The Fritz surveys after the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami found the death zone was the areas below 10 meters and less than 1 kilometer from shore and that all areas below 5 meters above sea level and within 3 miles of shore line need to be evacuated. The only current evacuation zone in Hawaii that would be adequate for a M9+ tsunami similar to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is that of Hilo, Hawaii.
{"title":"Tsunami hazard to Hawaii from landslides and craters formed by asteroid impacts","authors":"C. Mader","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6106893","url":null,"abstract":"The Fritz surveys after the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami found the death zone was the areas below 10 meters and less than 1 kilometer from shore and that all areas below 5 meters above sea level and within 3 miles of shore line need to be evacuated. The only current evacuation zone in Hawaii that would be adequate for a M9+ tsunami similar to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is that of Hilo, Hawaii.","PeriodicalId":19442,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS'11 MTS/IEEE KONA","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91144828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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