{"title":"Engineering for Decommissioning During Project Design Reduces Costs","authors":"P. Boschee","doi":"10.2118/0814-0024-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0814-0024-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"58 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80239469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
capacity potential of 130 MW, the generators are not all running at a given time. The electricity generation capabilities have met the demands of the artificial lift (ESP) program, which has extended the life of the project. A new drilling campaign will begin in April 2015. The plan comprises seven new wells designed to slow the decline of the fields. Even so, production decline remains a serious problem. In the past decade, overall production has fallen from 65,000 BOPD to 34,000 BOPD. While Block 16 may not produce oil forever, the lessons learned here will be applied to the new discoveries in the Ishpingo, Tambococha, and Tiputini (ITT) regions. Also located in the Yasuni National Park, the ITT block was recently sanctioned and is thought to hold up to 850 million bbl of oil. If accurate, this would account for onefifth of Equator’s total oil production. The ITT development may be good news for the country’s economy, but to succeed, it will need to borrow learnings from its more modest neighbor in Block 16. OGF PFC ROUNDUP
{"title":"Design of Onshore Production Systems for Unconventional Resources","authors":"P. Boschee","doi":"10.2118/0814-0034-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0814-0034-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"capacity potential of 130 MW, the generators are not all running at a given time. The electricity generation capabilities have met the demands of the artificial lift (ESP) program, which has extended the life of the project. A new drilling campaign will begin in April 2015. The plan comprises seven new wells designed to slow the decline of the fields. Even so, production decline remains a serious problem. In the past decade, overall production has fallen from 65,000 BOPD to 34,000 BOPD. While Block 16 may not produce oil forever, the lessons learned here will be applied to the new discoveries in the Ishpingo, Tambococha, and Tiputini (ITT) regions. Also located in the Yasuni National Park, the ITT block was recently sanctioned and is thought to hold up to 850 million bbl of oil. If accurate, this would account for onefifth of Equator’s total oil production. The ITT development may be good news for the country’s economy, but to succeed, it will need to borrow learnings from its more modest neighbor in Block 16. OGF PFC ROUNDUP","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"13 1","pages":"34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74013451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Windows of Opportunity for Weather-Sensitive Operations","authors":"Yu Poh Foo, Kenneth Gan, D. Giudice, G. Masi","doi":"10.2118/171553-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/171553-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"71 1","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76085328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Performance Testing of a Subsea Compact Separation System for Deepwater Applications","authors":"Ed Grave, Olson","doi":"10.2118/0814-0016-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0814-0016-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"801 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90844797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Severe slugging is a transient multiphase-flow phenomenon that can occur in pipeline-riser systems, particularly in offshore production of oil and gas. It is characterized by large pressure fluctuations at the base of the riser and is accompanied by fluctuations in fluid delivery from the top of the riser. This unstable phenomenon is undesirable because production and equipment are affected adversely by the large pressure and flow-rate fluctuations. In this study, air-/ water-flow experiments have been carried out at the S-shaped-riser facility in the multiphase-flow laboratory of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and have been compared with results from a flow simulator (OLGA®). The results obtained in the work show that stability maps, pressure amplitudes, and slug frequencies are in acceptable agreement with each other; however, some deviations are seen regarding the slug frequencies at low flow rates.
{"title":"Study on Severe Slugging in an S-Shaped Riser: Small-Scale Experiments Compared With Simulations","authors":"Sangmin Park, O. Nydal","doi":"10.2118/171559-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/171559-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Severe slugging is a transient multiphase-flow phenomenon that can occur in pipeline-riser systems, particularly in offshore production of oil and gas. It is characterized by large pressure fluctuations at the base of the riser and is accompanied by fluctuations in fluid delivery from the top of the riser. This unstable phenomenon is undesirable because production and equipment are affected adversely by the large pressure and flow-rate fluctuations. In this study, air-/ water-flow experiments have been carried out at the S-shaped-riser facility in the multiphase-flow laboratory of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and have been compared with results from a flow simulator (OLGA®). The results obtained in the work show that stability maps, pressure amplitudes, and slug frequencies are in acceptable agreement with each other; however, some deviations are seen regarding the slug frequencies at low flow rates.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"48 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81150098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of Integrated Template Structures for Arctic Subsea-Production Systems","authors":"E. Pribytkov, A. Zolotukhin, O. Gudmestad","doi":"10.2118/166879-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/166879-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"209 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77160999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Offshore Construction and Installation Innovations Aim for Deeper Waters","authors":"P. Boschee","doi":"10.2118/0614-0012-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0614-0012-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"53 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78635741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 11th century, Raja Bhoj of Dhar founded a city on the shores of a beautiful lake in central India. Today, that city, Bhopal, is a bustling metropolis of 2 million people. The city and surrounding area is home to a large wildlife refuge, a museum of Indian tribal life, a collection of historical palaces and temples, and Stone Age cave paintings. Almost anywhere else in the world, this city would be a major tourist attraction, but Bhopal is wellknown for something else: It is the site of the deadliest industrial accident in history.
{"title":"Bhopal: A Root Cause Analysis of the Deadliest Industrial Accident in History","authors":"H. Duhon","doi":"10.2118/0614-0024-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0614-0024-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"In the 11th century, Raja Bhoj of Dhar founded a city on the shores of a beautiful lake in central India. Today, that city, Bhopal, is a bustling metropolis of 2 million people. The city and surrounding area is home to a large wildlife refuge, a museum of Indian tribal life, a collection of historical palaces and temples, and Stone Age cave paintings. Almost anywhere else in the world, this city would be a major tourist attraction, but Bhopal is wellknown for something else: It is the site of the deadliest industrial accident in history.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"1 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89812934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Liuhua4-1 (LH4-1) oil field is located 215 km southeast of Hong Kong in the South China Sea. The field was first discovered in 1987, but because of economic and technical challenges, it was not until 2012 that the development of this field became a reality. The 300-m-water-depth oil field was successfully tied back to an existing oil field [Liuhua11-1 (LH11-1)] through subsea pipeline, power cable, and multiplex control umbilical. The project executions included disconnection, life extension, and reconnection to the existing oilfield floating-production system (FPS). It was also China’s first tieback subsea development project. To develop this marginal oil field, a number of technical challenges were overcome through a series of new technologies, and their successful development and implementation.
{"title":"Innovative Solutions Enable Production Start of China's First Marginal Subsea-Tieback Oil Field","authors":"Mao Jiayou","doi":"10.2118/170242-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/170242-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Liuhua4-1 (LH4-1) oil field is located 215 km southeast of Hong Kong in the South China Sea. The field was first discovered in 1987, but because of economic and technical challenges, it was not until 2012 that the development of this field became a reality. The 300-m-water-depth oil field was successfully tied back to an existing oil field [Liuhua11-1 (LH11-1)] through subsea pipeline, power cable, and multiplex control umbilical. The project executions included disconnection, life extension, and reconnection to the existing oilfield floating-production system (FPS). It was also China’s first tieback subsea development project. To develop this marginal oil field, a number of technical challenges were overcome through a series of new technologies, and their successful development and implementation.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"19 1","pages":"52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81378772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
June 2014 • Oil and Gas Facilities 57 Summary For most early oil-production facilities, higher oil production is expected in the initial days of field life because of the high reservoir pressure. In this specific case study, oil production has reached the floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) unit topsidedesign limit of 100,000 BOPD (662 m3/h) with only five wells connected. Most of these wells were choked to between 30 and 50% to limit the oil production within the installed nameplate capacity of the FPSO unit. Therefore, to take advantage of the low gas/oil ratio (GOR) and the high dry-oil production during early field life, the client has requested this study be undertaken to identify the maximum oil production without compromising process safety and while avoiding major modifications. The main bottlenecks to increasing crude-oil production to greater than the design capacity are identified as • Increased temperature resulting in nonstabilized crude: On the basis of the oil composition, stabilization of the crude before leaving the topside is an issue. With an increase in production and the limitation on utility systems, there is not enough heat available to flash off light components and/or cool down the crude before it enters the cargo tank to prevent any further flashing. These flashed-off gases will be vented through the cargo-vent system, along with displaced gases (which are significantly higher than flash gases). The cargo-vent system is designed for vent load during cargo-terminal loading, and, therefore, crude-flash rates will not be anywhere near the design capacity of the vent system. • Limitations of utility systems: As expected, all utility systems are designed for 100,000-BLPD (662-m3/h) liquid production, and any increase in production will impact the utility balance. To accommodate for additional flow, either modifications are required to the existing system (e.g., additional duty, exchanger modifications) or optimization of the existing system is required. • Separator capacity: As long as water cut is negligible and a small quantity of water can be allowed to settle in the cargo tank, current crude-oil production has the potential to be increased with the separator operating as a two-phase separator. A potential crude-oil-production rate of 120,000 BOPD (795 m3/h) can be achieved immediately, without any modifications, if slightly-higher-temperature crude oil is allowed, along with some additional hydrocarbon venting of the gases, from the cargo vent to the atmosphere. Changes in process parameters (pressure and temperature) will allow optimization of the utilities and will allow the crude-storage specifications to be met without any physical modifications. The actual field trial did match with the study results, and production was increased to greater than the design capacity without many process-stability issues. Therefore, this type of study provides a quick but thorough method of investigating the way forward
{"title":"Debottlenecking Existing Offshore Production Facilities To Safely Extend Their Operation Capacities","authors":"H. Gaidhani","doi":"10.2118/169905-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/169905-PA","url":null,"abstract":"June 2014 • Oil and Gas Facilities 57 Summary For most early oil-production facilities, higher oil production is expected in the initial days of field life because of the high reservoir pressure. In this specific case study, oil production has reached the floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) unit topsidedesign limit of 100,000 BOPD (662 m3/h) with only five wells connected. Most of these wells were choked to between 30 and 50% to limit the oil production within the installed nameplate capacity of the FPSO unit. Therefore, to take advantage of the low gas/oil ratio (GOR) and the high dry-oil production during early field life, the client has requested this study be undertaken to identify the maximum oil production without compromising process safety and while avoiding major modifications. The main bottlenecks to increasing crude-oil production to greater than the design capacity are identified as • Increased temperature resulting in nonstabilized crude: On the basis of the oil composition, stabilization of the crude before leaving the topside is an issue. With an increase in production and the limitation on utility systems, there is not enough heat available to flash off light components and/or cool down the crude before it enters the cargo tank to prevent any further flashing. These flashed-off gases will be vented through the cargo-vent system, along with displaced gases (which are significantly higher than flash gases). The cargo-vent system is designed for vent load during cargo-terminal loading, and, therefore, crude-flash rates will not be anywhere near the design capacity of the vent system. • Limitations of utility systems: As expected, all utility systems are designed for 100,000-BLPD (662-m3/h) liquid production, and any increase in production will impact the utility balance. To accommodate for additional flow, either modifications are required to the existing system (e.g., additional duty, exchanger modifications) or optimization of the existing system is required. • Separator capacity: As long as water cut is negligible and a small quantity of water can be allowed to settle in the cargo tank, current crude-oil production has the potential to be increased with the separator operating as a two-phase separator. A potential crude-oil-production rate of 120,000 BOPD (795 m3/h) can be achieved immediately, without any modifications, if slightly-higher-temperature crude oil is allowed, along with some additional hydrocarbon venting of the gases, from the cargo vent to the atmosphere. Changes in process parameters (pressure and temperature) will allow optimization of the utilities and will allow the crude-storage specifications to be met without any physical modifications. The actual field trial did match with the study results, and production was increased to greater than the design capacity without many process-stability issues. Therefore, this type of study provides a quick but thorough method of investigating the way forward","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"31 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86105530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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