In the February issue of Oil and Gas Facilities, I outlined the details of a study currently under way about the drivers of project complexity and invited readers to answer a questionnaire. While we have not received a large sample of responses so far, several readers have answered the questionnaire and the results have been generally consistent. A summary of the responses is presented below. If you have not answered the questionnaire, please do so now, especially if you disagree with or have something to add to the responses.
在2月份的《Oil and Gas Facilities》中，我概述了目前正在进行的一项关于项目复杂性驱动因素的研究的细节，并邀请读者回答一份调查问卷。虽然到目前为止我们还没有收到大量的回复样本，但有几位读者回答了问卷，结果大致一致。下面是回答的摘要。如果你还没有回答问卷，请现在回答，特别是如果你不同意或有什么要补充的回答。
{"title":"Composite Results of the Project Complexity Study","authors":"H. Duhon","doi":"10.2118/0415-0004-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0415-0004-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"In the February issue of Oil and Gas Facilities, I outlined the details of a study currently under way about the drivers of project complexity and invited readers to answer a questionnaire. While we have not received a large sample of responses so far, several readers have answered the questionnaire and the results have been generally consistent. A summary of the responses is presented below. If you have not answered the questionnaire, please do so now, especially if you disagree with or have something to add to the responses.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"5 1","pages":"4-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91370791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forging of Subsea Equipment: Standardization of Specifications Aims to Improve Delivery Time","authors":"P. Boschee","doi":"10.2118/0415-0028-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0415-0028-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"71 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77289467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Produced-Water-Treating Systems: Comparison of North Sea and Deepwater Gulf of Mexico","authors":"J. Walsh","doi":"10.2118/159713-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/159713-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"143 1","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73028848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasim Esmaeilirad, C. Terry, H. Kennedy, Gen Li, K. Carlson
gas basin. For example, recycled produced water is less than 10% of the total water used to drill and fracture in the Barnett, Fayetteville, and Haynesville shale plays. However, the fraction of water recycled is significantly higher in the Marcellus play—greater than 90% of the total water used (Mantell 2011). Although treatment methods have been developed to recycle produced water for subsequent fracturing operations, widespread adoption of these methods is often limited by costs. Important treatment aspects for fracturing-water reuse include particle removal, reduction of scale-forming metals, and disinfection. Removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) is expensive and therefore avoided, if possible. Fracturing fluids have been developed that are compatible with high TDS concentrations, but the other objectives (solids reduction, scale control, and bactericide) almost always need to be satisfied. The focus of this study was to examine the metal-removal processes associated with reducing scaling potential by use of laboratory-scale data and chemical-equilibrium modeling, with the goal of optimizing chemical use and minimizing cost.
{"title":"Optimizing Metal-Removal Processes for Produced Water With Electrocoagulation","authors":"Nasim Esmaeilirad, C. Terry, H. Kennedy, Gen Li, K. Carlson","doi":"10.2118/173899-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/173899-PA","url":null,"abstract":"gas basin. For example, recycled produced water is less than 10% of the total water used to drill and fracture in the Barnett, Fayetteville, and Haynesville shale plays. However, the fraction of water recycled is significantly higher in the Marcellus play—greater than 90% of the total water used (Mantell 2011). Although treatment methods have been developed to recycle produced water for subsequent fracturing operations, widespread adoption of these methods is often limited by costs. Important treatment aspects for fracturing-water reuse include particle removal, reduction of scale-forming metals, and disinfection. Removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) is expensive and therefore avoided, if possible. Fracturing fluids have been developed that are compatible with high TDS concentrations, but the other objectives (solids reduction, scale control, and bactericide) almost always need to be satisfied. The focus of this study was to examine the metal-removal processes associated with reducing scaling potential by use of laboratory-scale data and chemical-equilibrium modeling, with the goal of optimizing chemical use and minimizing cost.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"39 1","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81705576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Developments in the World of Risers","authors":"S. Whitfield","doi":"10.2118/0415-0034-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0415-0034-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"45 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74505894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of our analysis and observations of projects in the database provided by Independent Project Analysis (IPA), one-half of topsides have more than 10% weight growth from authorization to completion, and more than one in three substructures have more than 10% weight growth from authorization to completion. Meanwhile, estimated contingency has a much narrower range compared with actual required contingency. To help the industry understand offshore-facility weight predictability, IPA recently conducted a comprehensive study that sheds new light on facility weight performance and identifies the root causes of weight growth, providing guidelines for improving predictability.
{"title":"Upstream Offshore-Facility Weight-Growth Study","authors":"Ray Rui, Jason B. Walker","doi":"10.2118/170696-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/170696-PA","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of our analysis and observations of projects in the database provided by Independent Project Analysis (IPA), one-half of topsides have more than 10% weight growth from authorization to completion, and more than one in three substructures have more than 10% weight growth from authorization to completion. Meanwhile, estimated contingency has a much narrower range compared with actual required contingency. To help the industry understand offshore-facility weight predictability, IPA recently conducted a comprehensive study that sheds new light on facility weight performance and identifies the root causes of weight growth, providing guidelines for improving predictability.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"47 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83232343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Strategy for Driving Step Change Reduction in Capital Project Cost","authors":"R. Westney","doi":"10.2118/0415-0042-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0415-0042-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"27 1","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76953523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling the Behavior of Asphaltenes","authors":"S. Whitfield","doi":"10.2118/0215-0020-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0215-0020-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"83 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76129953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life Extension of Mature Facilities Through Robust Engineering and Chemistry Solutions","authors":"I. Bedwell, Swati Das, E. Mccall","doi":"10.2118/0215-0028-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0215-0028-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"41 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86411137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lessons Learned as World’s First Cell Spar Laid to Rest","authors":"W. Furlow","doi":"10.2118/0215-0016-OGF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/0215-0016-OGF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"21 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86723082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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