Obesity Science & Practice最新文献

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/osp4.602.].

Background: Sedentary behaviors are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. The feasibility of behavioral interventions in this population is unclear.

Methods: In the Sit Less, Interact, Move More (SLIMM) trial of 106 participants who had obesity, those randomized to the SLIMM intervention (N = 54) were instructed to replace sedentary activities with stepping. An accelerometer was used to measure physical activity. In this secondary analysis, mixed effect models were used to examine the effects of the SLIMM intervention on sedentary and stepping durations and steps/day by age (<70 and ≥ 70 years).

Results: Mean ages in the <70 years (N = 47) and ≥70 years (N = 59) groups were 58 ± 11 and 78 ± 5. In the older subgroup, compared to standard-of-care (N = 29), the SLIMM intervention (N = 30) significantly increased stepping duration (13, 95%CI 1-24 min/d, p = 0.038) and steps per day (1330, 95% CI 322-2338, p = 0.01) and non-significantly decreased sedentary duration by (28,95% CI -61-5 min/d, p = 0.09). In the age <70 subgroup, there was no separation between the standard of care (N = 23) and SLIMM (N = 24) groups.

Discussion: In older adults who had obesity, SLIMM intervention significantly increased stepping duration and steps per day. Interventions targeting sedentary behaviors by promoting low intensity physical activity may be feasible in this population.

Background: Obesity disparities in the United States are well documented, but the limited body of research suggests that geographic factors may alter the magnitude of these disparities. A growing body of evidence has identified a "rural mortality penalty" where morbidity and mortality rates are higher in rural than urban areas, even after controlling for other factors. Black-White differences in health and mortality are more pronounced in rural areas than in urban areas.

Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how rural-urban status and region moderate Black-White health disparities in obesity.

Methods: Data were abstracted from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, with the sample being restricted to Black and White respondents (n = 403,231). Respondents' county of residence was linked to US Census information to obtain the county-level Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) and Census division. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to assess the magnitude of Black-White disparities in having obesity (yes/no) by IRR quartile and by Census division.

Results: Overall, Black-White differences in obesity were wider in rural than in urban counties, with a significant linear trend (p < 0.001). Furthermore, when stratified by US Census division, results revealed that disparities were significantly wider in rural than urban areas for respondents living in the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic divisions. In contrast, the association was reversed for the remaining divisions (New England, East North Central, West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific), where the magnitude of the Black-White difference was the largest in urban areas.

Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to understand and account for critical place-based factors that exacerbate racial obesity disparities to develop and maximize the effectiveness of policies and programs designed to reduce racial inequalities and improve population health.