The ALPS treated water has been discharged into the Pacific Ocean since August 2023. This study investigates this discharge using a newly developed three-dimensional dispersion model that incorporates migration, diffusion, and decay processes of radionuclides. A simulation over ten years is conducted using reanalyzed oceanographic data. The results indicate that tritium released from Fukushima primarily disperses eastward along the 35°N latitude line. In later stages, local concentration peaks emerge in the northeastern Pacific, exceeding those in the northwest Pacific. For the vertical distribution, the tritium is generally reduced greatly with depth, but displays maximum values at subsurface layer (∼50m) in some regions. The concentration reaches a steady state over time, defined as the characteristic concentration, whose spatial distribution and attainment time are detailed. For major fishing grounds in the Pacific Ocean, the Hokkaido area shows the highest tritium levels, followed by Hawaii, California, Zhoushan, the Korean Peninsula, Mexico, the Philippines, Alaska, and Peru in descending order. Critically, simulated tritium concentrations in most North Pacific regions (∼0.01 Bq/m3) remain orders of magnitude below natural background levels (∼50 Bq/m3). This research elucidates three-dimensional radionuclide dispersion mechanisms in global oceans, providing a quantitative methodology for future marine emergency response and contributing to long-term marine conservation efforts.
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