Ocean Modelling最新文献_第7页

Characteristics and trends of ocean turbulent mixing models research in 1990–2023 based on bibliometric analysis 基于文献计量分析的1990-2023年海洋湍流混合模式研究特征与趋势

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102595

Yanhong Wei , Jinping Wang

Ocean turbulent mixing models (OTMMs) have become a popular research topic in recent years, and numerous related research papers have been published. Here, a bibliometric method was utilized to analyze 8411 papers from the Web of Science published from 1990 to 2023 and provide a comprehensive overview based on metrics, including the total publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and subject categories. The results revealed the following. (1) The number of published papers increased gradually, with the USA and China being the main research countries. However, citations per paper in China only accounted for 17.6 %, indicating that there is considerable room for improvement. Seven institutions with a citation per paper rate exceeding 50 % were from the USA, indicating its absolute authority and influence in this field. (2) Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics, and Geophysical Research Letters were the core journals; Qiao Fangli, Xue Ming, and Madec Gurvan were the most representative authors; Model, turbulence, and circulation were the most frequent keywords; and Oceanography, Meteorology Atmospheric Sciences, and Environmental Sciences were the most important subject categories over the past 30 years. (3) OTMMs have evolved from simplified models to ultra-high degree-of-freedom numerical models with a faster operation speed, higher spatiotemporal resolution and more complete physical processes. Therefore, decreasing the bias of OTMMs in simulating the upper ocean is an international scientific frontier and long-term technical challenge for ocean and climate prediction. This is the first comprehensive visualization and analysis of this research hotspot and its trends.

近年来，海洋湍流混合模型（otmm）成为一个热门的研究课题，并发表了大量相关的研究论文。本文采用文献计量学方法，对Web of Science 1990 ~ 2023年间发表的8411篇论文进行了分析，并基于出版物总量、国家、机构、期刊、作者、关键词和主题类别等指标进行了综合分析。结果显示如下。(1)论文发表数量逐渐增加，以美国和中国为主要研究国。然而，中国的论文被引率仅占17.6%，这表明还有很大的提升空间。7家论文被引率超过50%的机构来自美国，显示出美国在该领域的绝对权威和影响力。(2)《天体物理学报》；《天体物理学》、《地球物理研究快报》为核心期刊；乔方丽、薛明、马德克·古尔万是最具代表性的作家；模式、湍流和环流是最常见的关键词；海洋学、气象学、大气科学和环境科学是过去30年最重要的学科类别。(3) otmm模型从简化模型向超高自由度数值模型演化，运算速度更快、时空分辨率更高、物理过程更完整。因此，减小otmm在模拟上层海洋中的偏差是国际海洋和气候预测的科学前沿和长期技术挑战。本文首次对这一研究热点及其发展趋势进行了全面的可视化分析。

{"title":"Characteristics and trends of ocean turbulent mixing models research in 1990–2023 based on bibliometric analysis","authors":"Yanhong Wei , Jinping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean turbulent mixing models (OTMMs) have become a popular research topic in recent years, and numerous related research papers have been published. Here, a bibliometric method was utilized to analyze 8411 papers from the Web of Science published from 1990 to 2023 and provide a comprehensive overview based on metrics, including the total publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and subject categories. The results revealed the following. (1) The number of published papers increased gradually, with the USA and China being the main research countries. However, citations per paper in China only accounted for 17.6 %, indicating that there is considerable room for improvement. Seven institutions with a citation per paper rate exceeding 50 % were from the USA, indicating its absolute authority and influence in this field. (2) <em>Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics</em>, and <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> were the core journals; <em>Qiao Fangli, Xue Ming</em>, and <em>Madec Gurvan</em> were the most representative authors; M<em>odel, turbulence</em>, and <em>circulation</em> were the most frequent keywords; and <em>Oceanography, Meteorology Atmospheric Sciences</em>, and <em>Environmental Sciences</em> were the most important subject categories over the past 30 years. (3) OTMMs have evolved from simplified models to ultra-high degree-of-freedom numerical models with a faster operation speed, higher spatiotemporal resolution and more complete physical processes. Therefore, decreasing the bias of OTMMs in simulating the upper ocean is an international scientific frontier and long-term technical challenge for ocean and climate prediction. This is the first comprehensive visualization and analysis of this research hotspot and its trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiation condition enforcement in linear free-surface wave modeling 线性自由表面波模型中辐射条件的增强

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102594

Junhui Liu, Scott F. Bradford, Douglas A. Schwer, Ralph L. Fiedler

Linear free-surface wave models must satisfy the radiation condition to avoid unphysical solutions. The radiation condition requires that the wave amplitude vanishes at infinite boundaries and waves propagate outward from the source location. The former requirement has received much attention in the literature, but the latter is often ignored. Linear-free surface waves at the deep-water condition are defined by dispersion curves that include two V shaped curves and an additional ring curve when the pulsation frequency is below a certain value. Constraints that enforce both requirements of the radiation condition have been developed and applied to wave solutions associated with each dispersion curve. The two requirements of the radiation condition produce the same constraint for the ring curve and one V shaped curve referred to as the Inner V curve. However, for the second V shaped curve referred to as the Outer V curve, satisfying the requirement of vanishing wave amplitude at infinite boundaries does not guarantee the outgoing condition. When the ring curve exists, this Outer V curve only generates ingoing waves. At higher pulsation frequencies, the dimensionless wavenumber component in the source moving direction should be smaller than the dimensionless frequency to satisfy both requirements of the rdiation conditions. Thus, models that only satisfy vanishing amplitude at infinite boundaries would include ingoing waves associated with this Outer V curve. The wave patterns that include ingoing waves are found to be oversensitive to a small deviation from the steady source motion. The ingoing waves may also affect predictions of the wave amplitude and the wave resistance of the ship.

线性自由表面波模型必须满足辐射条件，以避免非物理解。辐射条件要求波幅值在无限边界处消失，波从源位置向外传播。前一个要求在文献中得到了很大的关注，而后一个要求往往被忽视。深水状态下的线性自由表面波由色散曲线定义，色散曲线包括两条V形曲线和脉动频率低于一定值时的附加环状曲线。已经开发了强制执行辐射条件两种要求的约束，并将其应用于与每个色散曲线相关的波解。辐射条件的这两个要求对环形曲线和一个称为内V曲线的V形曲线产生了相同的约束。然而，对于第二个V型曲线，即外V型曲线，满足无限边界处波形幅度消失的要求并不能保证输出条件。当环形曲线存在时，这条外V曲线只产生入波。在较高的脉动频率下，源移动方向的无量纲波数分量应小于无量纲频率，以满足辐射条件的两个要求。因此，仅满足无限边界处消失振幅的模型将包括与该Outer V曲线相关的入波。包括入波在内的波型被发现对稳定源运动的微小偏差过于敏感。入射波也会影响对船舶波幅和浪阻的预测。

{"title":"Radiation condition enforcement in linear free-surface wave modeling","authors":"Junhui Liu, Scott F. Bradford, Douglas A. Schwer, Ralph L. Fiedler","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linear free-surface wave models must satisfy the radiation condition to avoid unphysical solutions. The radiation condition requires that the wave amplitude vanishes at infinite boundaries and waves propagate outward from the source location. The former requirement has received much attention in the literature, but the latter is often ignored. Linear-free surface waves at the deep-water condition are defined by dispersion curves that include two V shaped curves and an additional ring curve when the pulsation frequency is below a certain value. Constraints that enforce both requirements of the radiation condition have been developed and applied to wave solutions associated with each dispersion curve. The two requirements of the radiation condition produce the same constraint for the ring curve and one V shaped curve referred to as the Inner V curve. However, for the second V shaped curve referred to as the Outer V curve, satisfying the requirement of vanishing wave amplitude at infinite boundaries does not guarantee the outgoing condition. When the ring curve exists, this Outer V curve only generates ingoing waves. At higher pulsation frequencies, the dimensionless wavenumber component in the source moving direction should be smaller than the dimensionless frequency to satisfy both requirements of the rdiation conditions. Thus, models that only satisfy vanishing amplitude at infinite boundaries would include ingoing waves associated with this Outer V curve. The wave patterns that include ingoing waves are found to be oversensitive to a small deviation from the steady source motion. The ingoing waves may also affect predictions of the wave amplitude and the wave resistance of the ship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural network predictions of peak storm tides due to tropical cyclones 由热带气旋引起的风暴潮高峰的神经网络预测

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102588

T.A. Cuevas López , B.J. Tucker , J.C. Dietrich , D.L. Anderson , E. Lobaton , J.S. Mariegaard

Storm-driven flooding is a hazard for coastal communities. Process-based models can predict the combined effects of tides, winds, and flooding due to tropical cyclones, including in real-time, but often with restrictions due to a model’s runtime. Researchers have developed neural networks (NN), trained on libraries of storm surge simulations, to predict flooding in seconds. However, previous NNs ignored interactions with astronomical tides, limited to storms of specific durations, and trained for extreme conditions. In this study, a NN is developed to predict peak values for storm tides (storm surge and tides) at nine stations along the North Carolina coast. For training, a library of storm-tides was developed via process-based model simulations of 1813 synthetic storms based on historical data in the north Atlantic Ocean, but with a specific focus on North Carolina, and then augmented by a factor of 50 via combinations with random tides. Unlike previous NN, this approach incorporates the astronomical tides in the training and uses data augmentation techniques for enhanced generalization. The NN performs well, with root-mean-square errors of about 6 cm and mean bias errors for the extreme storms of about 5 cm. For probabilistic predictions of historical storms, the model can predict for 100 ensemble members in 1 s, and the ranges of peak storm tides are close to their true values.

风暴引发的洪水对沿海社区构成威胁。基于过程的模型可以预测潮汐、风和热带气旋引起的洪水的综合影响，包括实时预测，但通常由于模型的运行时间而受到限制。研究人员已经开发出神经网络（NN），通过风暴潮模拟库进行训练，可以在几秒钟内预测洪水。然而，以前的神经网络忽略了与天文潮汐的相互作用，局限于特定持续时间的风暴，并针对极端条件进行训练。在这项研究中，开发了一个神经网络来预测北卡罗莱纳州海岸9个站点的风暴潮（风暴潮和潮汐）峰值。在训练方面，通过基于过程的模型模拟1813次基于北大西洋历史数据的合成风暴，开发了一个风暴潮汐库，但特别关注北卡罗来纳州，然后通过与随机潮汐的组合增加了50倍。与以前的神经网络不同，该方法在训练中结合了天文潮汐，并使用数据增强技术来增强泛化。神经网络表现良好，均方根误差约为6厘米，极端风暴的平均偏差误差约为5厘米。对于历史风暴的概率预测，该模型可以在15秒内预测100个集合成员，并且风暴潮汐峰值的范围接近其真实值。

{"title":"Neural network predictions of peak storm tides due to tropical cyclones","authors":"T.A. Cuevas López , B.J. Tucker , J.C. Dietrich , D.L. Anderson , E. Lobaton , J.S. Mariegaard","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Storm-driven flooding is a hazard for coastal communities. Process-based models can predict the combined effects of tides, winds, and flooding due to tropical cyclones, including in real-time, but often with restrictions due to a model’s runtime. Researchers have developed neural networks (NN), trained on libraries of storm surge simulations, to predict flooding in seconds. However, previous NNs ignored interactions with astronomical tides, limited to storms of specific durations, and trained for extreme conditions. In this study, a NN is developed to predict peak values for storm tides (storm surge and tides) at nine stations along the North Carolina coast. For training, a library of storm-tides was developed via process-based model simulations of 1813 synthetic storms based on historical data in the north Atlantic Ocean, but with a specific focus on North Carolina, and then augmented by a factor of 50 via combinations with random tides. Unlike previous NN, this approach incorporates the astronomical tides in the training and uses data augmentation techniques for enhanced generalization. The NN performs well, with root-mean-square errors of about 6 cm and mean bias errors for the extreme storms of about 5 cm. For probabilistic predictions of historical storms, the model can predict for 100 ensemble members in 1 s, and the ranges of peak storm tides are close to their true values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of projected changes in mean and extreme wave power across the Indian coastal sectors under high-emission climate scenarios 高排放气候情景下印度沿海地区平均和极端海浪能的预估变化评估

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102592

Anshu Yadav , Prashant Kumar , Bahareh Kamranzad , Prasad Kumar Bhaskaran , Rajni

Projected changes in oceanic and atmospheric conditions due to climate change necessitate a detailed assessment of future wave power (WP) variations along India’s extensive coastline for sustainable energy development and coastal adaptation. This study examines the projected changes in mean and extreme WP along the Indian coastline, with a regional focus on the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar Island, under future climate scenarios SSP126 and SSP585 for the period 2071–2100. The Arabian Sea and southern coastal regions exhibit considerable wave energy potential, but expected decreases in WP and increased variability index (VI) pose challenges for long-term exploitation. Key regions such as Gujarat, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep demonstrate substantial variability in WP, with higher variability in future scenarios under SSP5–8.5. Site-specific assessments across 20 locations identified Veraval (Gujarat), Hut Bay (Andaman), and Agatti, Minicoy, and Kalpeni (Lakshadweep) as key sites with both high mean and extreme WP values, characterized by consistently elevated energy levels and stable variability indicating strong potential for reliable wave energy extraction. The findings underscore the importance of integrating climate change projections into strategic energy planning, with a focus on region-specific assessments to ensure sustainable and resilient wave energy development.

由于气候变化对海洋和大气条件的预估变化，有必要对印度广阔海岸线上未来波浪能（WP）的变化进行详细评估，以促进可持续能源开发和沿海适应。本研究探讨了2071-2100年期间，在未来气候情景SSP126和SSP585下，印度海岸线平均和极端WP的预估变化，区域重点是阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、拉克沙群岛和安达曼和尼科巴岛。阿拉伯海和南部沿海地区具有相当大的波浪能潜力，但预期的WP下降和变异性指数（VI）的增加对长期开发构成了挑战。古吉拉特邦、安达曼和尼科巴群岛以及拉克沙群岛等关键地区的WP表现出相当大的变动性，在SSP5-8.5的未来情景中变动性更高。对20个地点的具体评估确定，Veraval（古吉拉特邦）、Hut Bay（安达曼）、Agatti、Minicoy和Kalpeni （Lakshadweep）是具有高平均和极端WP值的关键地点，其特征是能量水平持续升高和稳定的变化，表明可靠的波浪能提取潜力巨大。这些发现强调了将气候变化预测纳入战略能源规划的重要性，重点是针对特定区域的评估，以确保可持续和有弹性的波浪能开发。

{"title":"Assessment of projected changes in mean and extreme wave power across the Indian coastal sectors under high-emission climate scenarios","authors":"Anshu Yadav , Prashant Kumar , Bahareh Kamranzad , Prasad Kumar Bhaskaran , Rajni","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Projected changes in oceanic and atmospheric conditions due to climate change necessitate a detailed assessment of future wave power (WP) variations along India’s extensive coastline for sustainable energy development and coastal adaptation. This study examines the projected changes in mean and extreme WP along the Indian coastline, with a regional focus on the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar Island, under future climate scenarios SSP126 and SSP585 for the period 2071–2100. The Arabian Sea and southern coastal regions exhibit considerable wave energy potential, but expected decreases in WP and increased variability index (VI) pose challenges for long-term exploitation. Key regions such as Gujarat, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep demonstrate substantial variability in WP, with higher variability in future scenarios under SSP5–8.5. Site-specific assessments across 20 locations identified Veraval (Gujarat), Hut Bay (Andaman), and Agatti, Minicoy, and Kalpeni (Lakshadweep) as key sites with both high mean and extreme WP values, characterized by consistently elevated energy levels and stable variability indicating strong potential for reliable wave energy extraction. The findings underscore the importance of integrating climate change projections into strategic energy planning, with a focus on region-specific assessments to ensure sustainable and resilient wave energy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tidal estimates from sun-synchronous satellite altimeters in the Bohai Sea via an improved harmonic analysis model 基于改进谐波分析模型的太阳同步卫星高度计对渤海潮汐的估计

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102593

Haidong Pan , Dingqi Wang , Junchuan Sun , Tengfei Xu , Zexun Wei

Multi-satellite altimeters have greatly elevated our understanding of tidal dynamics around the globe. Among all publicly available satellite altimeters, the T/P-Jason series are widely considered as the core of diverse satellite-based tidal investigations. By contrast, sun-synchronous satellites only play auxiliary roles in previous studies mostly due to their pathological aliasing for tidal estimation. In this study, MHACS, an improved version of the classical harmonic analysis model utilizing the smooth nature of tidal admittances, is applied to estimate tidal constants from 24-year sun-synchronous ERS-Envisat-Saral (EES) series in the Bohai Sea. MHACS utilizes the intrinsic natural connections among major tidal constituents to overcome the restrictions of the Rayleigh criterion. Tricky K₁-P₁-Sa and K₂-Ssa pairs as well as S₂ tides in EES series are resolved by MHACS with regularization algorithms (i.e. ridge regression). Practical experiments in the Bohai Sea suggest that tidal estimates from the EES series through MHACS are in high agreement with the FES2014, with an average error of only 2.18 cm. Such consistency indicates the satisfactory performance of MHACS with ridge regression on processing the EES series. Although the proposed method has some limitations, it can potentially be a widely-used tool to extract tides from heterogeneous satellite altimeters including Sentinel series and Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT).

多卫星高度计极大地提高了我们对全球潮汐动力学的认识。在所有公开的卫星高度计中，T/P-Jason系列被广泛认为是各种卫星潮汐调查的核心。相比之下，太阳同步卫星在以往的研究中只起到辅助作用，主要是由于其在潮汐估计中的病理混叠。本文利用经典调和分析模型的改进版本MHACS，利用潮汐导纳的平滑特性，对24年太阳同步es - envisat - saral （EES）系列的渤海潮汐常数进行了估计。MHACS利用主要潮汐成分之间固有的自然联系来克服瑞利准则的限制。用正则化算法（即脊回归）求解EES序列中复杂的K1-P1-Sa和K2-Ssa对以及S2潮汐。在渤海的实际实验表明，利用MHACS估算的EES系列潮汐值与FES2014具有较高的一致性，平均误差仅为2.18 cm。这种一致性表明脊回归MHACS处理EES序列的效果令人满意。尽管该方法存在一定的局限性，但它可能是一种广泛使用的工具，可以从包括Sentinel系列和地表水海洋地形（SWOT）在内的非均质卫星高度计中提取潮汐。

{"title":"Tidal estimates from sun-synchronous satellite altimeters in the Bohai Sea via an improved harmonic analysis model","authors":"Haidong Pan , Dingqi Wang , Junchuan Sun , Tengfei Xu , Zexun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-satellite altimeters have greatly elevated our understanding of tidal dynamics around the globe. Among all publicly available satellite altimeters, the T/P-Jason series are widely considered as the core of diverse satellite-based tidal investigations. By contrast, sun-synchronous satellites only play auxiliary roles in previous studies mostly due to their pathological aliasing for tidal estimation. In this study, MHACS, an improved version of the classical harmonic analysis model utilizing the smooth nature of tidal admittances, is applied to estimate tidal constants from 24-year sun-synchronous ERS-Envisat-Saral (EES) series in the Bohai Sea. MHACS utilizes the intrinsic natural connections among major tidal constituents to overcome the restrictions of the Rayleigh criterion. Tricky K<sub>1</sub>-P<sub>1</sub>-Sa and K<sub>2</sub>-Ssa pairs as well as S<sub>2</sub> tides in EES series are resolved by MHACS with regularization algorithms (i.e. ridge regression). Practical experiments in the Bohai Sea suggest that tidal estimates from the EES series through MHACS are in high agreement with the FES2014, with an average error of only 2.18 cm. Such consistency indicates the satisfactory performance of MHACS with ridge regression on processing the EES series. Although the proposed method has some limitations, it can potentially be a widely-used tool to extract tides from heterogeneous satellite altimeters including Sentinel series and Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the influence of island chains on the vortex splitting of mesoscale eddies 岛链对中尺度涡旋涡分裂影响的研究

IF 2.9 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102591

Mingze Ji , Xingzhou Jiang , Xiaole Li , Jingyi Lu , He Liu , Xiongbo Zheng

In the ocean, there exist multi-scale water movements, among which mesoscale eddies are important carriers of oceanic material and energy transport. These vortices contain substantial kinetic energy and heat, playing a pivotal role in oceanic mass and energy transfer. The presence of islands can alter the movement path, intensity, and structure of vortices, and may even lead to vortex splitting. Vortex-island interactions not only affect local oceanic dynamic conditions but may also have broader impacts on large-scale ocean circulation and material transport. Previous multi-island studies have primarily focused on the range where the ratio of island spacing to mesoscale vortex diameter falls between 0.1 and 0.4. However, in real oceanic environments, cases where this ratio exceeds 0.4 are more common, particularly in multi-island regions such as the Lesser Antilles, where the ratio often reaches 0.6 or higher. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanisms between island spacing and mesoscale vortices, as well as their dynamic processes across a broader range of ratios, this study employs the Regional Ocean Modeling System to conduct idealized numerical experiments. By varying parameters related to island configurations, we analyze the influence of islands on vortex trajectory and structural evolution, extending the investigation to cases with ratios ranging from 0.13 to 0.67. Based on the numerical simulation results, we propose a dimensionless function y that integrates three island-related variables, characterizing the impact of different island parameters on vortex splitting during vortex-island interactions.

海洋中存在着多尺度的水运动，其中中尺度涡旋是海洋物质和能量输送的重要载体。这些涡旋含有大量的动能和热量，在海洋质量和能量传递中起着关键作用。岛屿的存在可以改变涡旋的运动路径、强度和结构，甚至可能导致涡旋分裂。涡岛相互作用不仅影响局部海洋动力条件，而且可能对大尺度海洋环流和物质运输产生更广泛的影响。以往的多岛研究主要集中在岛屿间距与中尺度涡旋直径之比在0.1 ~ 0.4之间的范围。然而，在真正的海洋环境中，这一比率超过0.4的情况更为常见，特别是在小安的列斯群岛等多岛屿地区，这一比率往往达到0.6或更高。为了更全面地了解岛屿间距与中尺度涡旋的相互作用机制及其在更大比例范围内的动力过程，本研究利用区域海洋模拟系统进行了理想化数值实验。通过改变岛屿构型的相关参数，分析了岛屿对涡旋轨迹和结构演变的影响，并将研究范围扩大到比值为0.13 ~ 0.67的情况。基于数值模拟结果，我们提出了一个包含三个岛相关变量的无量纲函数y，表征了涡-岛相互作用过程中不同岛参数对涡分裂的影响。

{"title":"Study on the influence of island chains on the vortex splitting of mesoscale eddies","authors":"Mingze Ji , Xingzhou Jiang , Xiaole Li , Jingyi Lu , He Liu , Xiongbo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the ocean, there exist multi-scale water movements, among which mesoscale eddies are important carriers of oceanic material and energy transport. These vortices contain substantial kinetic energy and heat, playing a pivotal role in oceanic mass and energy transfer. The presence of islands can alter the movement path, intensity, and structure of vortices, and may even lead to vortex splitting. Vortex-island interactions not only affect local oceanic dynamic conditions but may also have broader impacts on large-scale ocean circulation and material transport. Previous multi-island studies have primarily focused on the range where the ratio of island spacing to mesoscale vortex diameter falls between 0.1 and 0.4. However, in real oceanic environments, cases where this ratio exceeds 0.4 are more common, particularly in multi-island regions such as the Lesser Antilles, where the ratio often reaches 0.6 or higher. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanisms between island spacing and mesoscale vortices, as well as their dynamic processes across a broader range of ratios, this study employs the Regional Ocean Modeling System to conduct idealized numerical experiments. By varying parameters related to island configurations, we analyze the influence of islands on vortex trajectory and structural evolution, extending the investigation to cases with ratios ranging from 0.13 to 0.67. Based on the numerical simulation results, we propose a dimensionless function <em>y</em> that integrates three island-related variables, characterizing the impact of different island parameters on vortex splitting during vortex-island interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 102591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of sea ice friction on ocean tides in the Arctic Ocean, modelling insights at various time and space scales 海冰摩擦对北冰洋海潮的影响，在不同时间和空间尺度上的模拟见解

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102590

Mathilde Cancet , Florent H. Lyard , Ergane Fouchet

Although ocean tides are one of the major contributors to the energy dissipation in the Arctic Ocean, they remain relatively poorly known, particularly their interactions with the ice cover (sea ice and grounded ice). These interactions are often simply ignored in tidal models, or considered through relatively simple combinations with the bottom friction. In this paper, we investigate the response of a regional pan-Arctic ocean tidal model to the friction under the sea ice cover, in order to better understand the influence of this parameter on tidal estimates. Different periods of time, from seasonal to decadal scales, were considered to analyze the impact of the variations in the sea ice cover on the ocean tides, in the region as well as at global scale. Long-distance effects of Arctic sea ice friction are revealed in the global tidal simulations, resulting in variations of several centimeters in the seasonal tidal amplitudes. Tide gauge and satellite altimetry observations were specifically processed to retrieve the tidal harmonic constituents over different periods and different sea ice conditions, to compare with the model simulations. Improving the knowledge on the interaction between the tides and the sea ice cover, and thus the performance of the tidal models in the polar regions, is of particular interest to generate more realistic simulations with ocean circulation models, to contribute to scientific investigations on the changes in the Arctic Ocean, and also to improve the satellite altimetry observation retrievals at high latitudes, as the tidal signals remain a major contributor to the error budget of the satellite altimetry observations in the Arctic Ocean. This work also highlights the difficulty to assess the temporal evolution of tides in model simulations in the Arctic because of the lack of long (i.e. several decades) hourly tide gauge observation records in the area.

虽然海潮是北冰洋能量耗散的主要贡献者之一，但对它们的了解相对较少，特别是它们与冰盖（海冰和接地冰）的相互作用。这些相互作用通常在潮汐模型中被简单地忽略，或者通过与底部摩擦的相对简单的组合来考虑。本文研究了区域泛北冰洋潮汐模式对海冰下摩擦力的响应，以便更好地了解该参数对潮汐估计的影响。考虑了从季节尺度到年代际尺度的不同时期，以分析该区域以及全球尺度上海冰覆盖变化对海洋潮汐的影响。在全球潮汐模拟中揭示了北极海冰摩擦的远距离影响，导致季节潮汐振幅变化数厘米。对不同时期和不同海冰条件下的潮汐谐波成分进行了处理，并与模式模拟结果进行了比较。提高对潮汐和海冰之间相互作用的认识，从而提高极地潮汐模式的性能，对于用海洋环流模式产生更真实的模拟，有助于对北冰洋变化的科学研究，也有助于改进高纬度地区卫星测高观测的反演，具有特别重要的意义。因为潮汐信号仍然是造成北冰洋卫星测高观测误差预算的主要因素。这项工作还强调了在北极模式模拟中评估潮汐时间演变的困难，因为该地区缺乏长时间（即几十年）的每小时潮汐计观测记录。

{"title":"Impact of sea ice friction on ocean tides in the Arctic Ocean, modelling insights at various time and space scales","authors":"Mathilde Cancet , Florent H. Lyard , Ergane Fouchet","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although ocean tides are one of the major contributors to the energy dissipation in the Arctic Ocean, they remain relatively poorly known, particularly their interactions with the ice cover (sea ice and grounded ice). These interactions are often simply ignored in tidal models, or considered through relatively simple combinations with the bottom friction. In this paper, we investigate the response of a regional pan-Arctic ocean tidal model to the friction under the sea ice cover, in order to better understand the influence of this parameter on tidal estimates. Different periods of time, from seasonal to decadal scales, were considered to analyze the impact of the variations in the sea ice cover on the ocean tides, in the region as well as at global scale. Long-distance effects of Arctic sea ice friction are revealed in the global tidal simulations, resulting in variations of several centimeters in the seasonal tidal amplitudes. Tide gauge and satellite altimetry observations were specifically processed to retrieve the tidal harmonic constituents over different periods and different sea ice conditions, to compare with the model simulations. Improving the knowledge on the interaction between the tides and the sea ice cover, and thus the performance of the tidal models in the polar regions, is of particular interest to generate more realistic simulations with ocean circulation models, to contribute to scientific investigations on the changes in the Arctic Ocean, and also to improve the satellite altimetry observation retrievals at high latitudes, as the tidal signals remain a major contributor to the error budget of the satellite altimetry observations in the Arctic Ocean. This work also highlights the difficulty to assess the temporal evolution of tides in model simulations in the Arctic because of the lack of long (i.e. several decades) hourly tide gauge observation records in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wavelet ocean data assimilation 小波海洋资料同化

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102589

Bradley Sciacca , Hans Ngodock , Joseph M. D’Addezio , Matthew J. Carrier , Innocent Souopgui

Due to necessary assumptions of observational errors with an exigency for appropriate and timely inversion in the assimilation, dense observations are thinned and/or altered before being assimilated into ocean models. Historically, this process did not significantly restrict model skill because most of the observation types had a quite coarse horizontal distribution. However, recent advances in observation resolution demand new assimilation approaches, whereby small-scale features are actively corrected in the model background. A novel method is introduced that applies multiscale data assimilation utilizing the wavelet transform. Unlike other currently employed ocean multiscale techniques, this method is performed in a single analysis step. Utilizing the wavelet transform allows for observational information to be retained at all its original grid points, compared to the averaging and removal in traditional techniques, such as super observations. This comes from the unique space and frequency relation available to the wavelet transform, which instead filters the potentially correlated small-scale observation errors at each model grid point. Several six-month identical twin data assimilation experiments were used to validate the method. Results indicate comparable to substantial improvements over super observations. On average, the sea surface temperature RMSE was 39 % lower for the wavelet method over the six-months compared to super observations. The wavelet method was also able to constrain horizontal scales in assimilation 29 km and above compared to 60 km and above for the super observations.

由于对观测误差的必要假设以及同化过程中需要适当和及时的反演，密集观测在被同化到海洋模式之前会被稀释和/或改变。从历史上看，这个过程并没有显著地限制模型技能，因为大多数观测类型具有相当粗糙的水平分布。然而，观测分辨率的最新进展需要新的同化方法，即在模式背景中主动校正小尺度特征。提出了一种利用小波变换进行多尺度数据同化的新方法。与目前使用的其他海洋多尺度技术不同，该方法在单个分析步骤中完成。与传统技术（如超级观测）的平均和去除相比，利用小波变换可以将观测信息保留在所有原始网格点上。这是因为小波变换具有独特的空间和频率关系，而小波变换可以过滤每个模型网格点上潜在的相关小尺度观测误差。用几个六个月的同卵双胞胎数据同化实验来验证该方法。结果表明，与超级观测相比，有相当大的改进。与超级观测值相比，小波法测得的6个月平均海面温度RMSE降低了39%。与60 km及以上的超级观测值相比，小波方法还能够约束同化29 km及以上的水平尺度。

{"title":"Wavelet ocean data assimilation","authors":"Bradley Sciacca , Hans Ngodock , Joseph M. D’Addezio , Matthew J. Carrier , Innocent Souopgui","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to necessary assumptions of observational errors with an exigency for appropriate and timely inversion in the assimilation, dense observations are thinned and/or altered before being assimilated into ocean models. Historically, this process did not significantly restrict model skill because most of the observation types had a quite coarse horizontal distribution. However, recent advances in observation resolution demand new assimilation approaches, whereby small-scale features are actively corrected in the model background. A novel method is introduced that applies multiscale data assimilation utilizing the wavelet transform. Unlike other currently employed ocean multiscale techniques, this method is performed in a single analysis step. Utilizing the wavelet transform allows for observational information to be retained at all its original grid points, compared to the averaging and removal in traditional techniques, such as super observations. This comes from the unique space and frequency relation available to the wavelet transform, which instead filters the potentially correlated small-scale observation errors at each model grid point. Several six-month identical twin data assimilation experiments were used to validate the method. Results indicate comparable to substantial improvements over super observations. On average, the sea surface temperature RMSE was 39 % lower for the wavelet method over the six-months compared to super observations. The wavelet method was also able to constrain horizontal scales in assimilation 29 km and above compared to 60 km and above for the super observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A wave data assimilation system for the North Sea based on Ensemble Kalman Filtering and the potential of satellite altimetry 基于集合卡尔曼滤波和卫星测高潜力的北海波浪资料同化系统

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102586

C.W.E. de Korte , M. Verlaan , A.W. Heemink

A Wave Data Assimilation System based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is implemented for the North Sea showing improved performance and physical consistency. We first show the EnKF implementation and illustrate the wave data assimilation system using identical twin experiments to assimilate synthetic observations from buoys. A sensitivity analysis shows that the ensemble size, assimilation frequency and observation uncertainty are relatively important settings. Lastly, the potential for assimilating satellite measurements was assessed by assimilating synthetic altimeter measurements with real pass-over tracks. In these experiments, the state contains the full wave spectrum, unlike in most existing schemes. The results show that wave spectra and integral variables beyond significant wave height show physically consistent updates for the buoy and satellite experiments, by assimilating only significant wave height. This is a key advantage of this implementation compared to the more widely used implementations in wave data assimilation. Although the satellite experiment performs slightly worse than the buoy experiment due to decreased temporal availability of measurements, the results underline the potential for assimilation of satellite altimeter measurements. Such a system provides a promising framework for future observation impact study using satellite altimeter measurements.

基于集成卡尔曼滤波（EnKF）的波浪数据同化系统在北海海域的应用取得了较好的效果和物理一致性。我们首先展示了EnKF的实现，并说明了波浪数据同化系统使用相同的双胞胎实验来同化来自浮标的合成观测。灵敏度分析表明，集合大小、同化频率和观测不确定度是相对重要的设置。最后，通过将合成高度计的测量结果与真实的天桥轨迹进行同化，评估了同化卫星测量的潜力。在这些实验中，状态包含了完整的波谱，这与大多数现有方案不同。结果表明，仅同化有效波高，浮标和卫星实验的波谱和有效波高以外的积分变量在物理上是一致的。与波浪数据同化中更广泛使用的实现相比，这是该实现的一个关键优势。虽然卫星实验由于测量的时间可用性降低而比浮标实验表现略差，但结果强调了卫星高度计测量的同化潜力。该系统为未来利用卫星高度计测量进行观测影响研究提供了一个有希望的框架。

{"title":"A wave data assimilation system for the North Sea based on Ensemble Kalman Filtering and the potential of satellite altimetry","authors":"C.W.E. de Korte , M. Verlaan , A.W. Heemink","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Wave Data Assimilation System based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is implemented for the North Sea showing improved performance and physical consistency. We first show the EnKF implementation and illustrate the wave data assimilation system using identical twin experiments to assimilate synthetic observations from buoys. A sensitivity analysis shows that the ensemble size, assimilation frequency and observation uncertainty are relatively important settings. Lastly, the potential for assimilating satellite measurements was assessed by assimilating synthetic altimeter measurements with real pass-over tracks. In these experiments, the state contains the full wave spectrum, unlike in most existing schemes. The results show that wave spectra and integral variables beyond significant wave height show physically consistent updates for the buoy and satellite experiments, by assimilating only significant wave height. This is a key advantage of this implementation compared to the more widely used implementations in wave data assimilation. Although the satellite experiment performs slightly worse than the buoy experiment due to decreased temporal availability of measurements, the results underline the potential for assimilation of satellite altimeter measurements. Such a system provides a promising framework for future observation impact study using satellite altimeter measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A deep learning approach for coastal downscaling: The northern Adriatic Sea case-study 沿海缩减规模的深度学习方法：北亚得里亚海案例研究

IF 3.1 3区地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Ocean Modelling

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102581

Federica Adobbati , Lorenzo Bonin , Gianpiero Cossarini , Valeria Di Biagio , Fabio Giordano , Luca Manzoni , Stefano Querin

Current regional-scale oceanographic operational systems may lack the resolution needed for coastal applications, where fine-scale dynamics such as river outflow and local processes are poorly represented. Artificial intelligence based techniques for interpolation and fine-scale reconstruction can be applied for studying coastal dynamics. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method based on a UNet-like architecture for coastal downscaling of marine ecosystem modeling products. Our method is applied to the northern Adriatic Sea, a marginal region of the Mediterranean characterized by strong spatial and temporal variability, where river inputs significantly influence the physical and biogeochemical state and dynamics, especially near the coast. To address these challenges, we trained a neural network on a reanalysis dataset, covering the period from 2006 to 2017, with a horizontal resolution of about 750 m, using as input the regional-scale products of the Marine Copernicus Service for the Mediterranean Sea. We demonstrate that our architecture is capable of recovering fine-scale features that are not captured by low-resolution modeling systems. Although this paper focuses on the northern Adriatic Sea, the robustness of the method, as demonstrated by the validation metrics, suggests that it can be effectively applied to other study areas.

目前的区域尺度海洋学业务系统可能缺乏沿海应用所需的分辨率，在沿海应用中，精细尺度的动态，如河流流出和当地过程的代表性很差。基于人工智能的插值和精细尺度重建技术可以应用于海岸动力学研究。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于类似unet架构的深度学习方法，用于海洋生态系统建模产品的沿海降尺度。我们的方法应用于亚得里亚海北部，这是地中海的一个边缘区域，具有强烈的时空变异性，河流输入显著影响物理和生物地球化学状态和动态，特别是在海岸附近。为了应对这些挑战，我们在2006年至2017年的再分析数据集上训练了一个神经网络，水平分辨率约为750米，使用地中海海洋哥白尼服务的区域尺度产品作为输入。我们证明了我们的架构能够恢复低分辨率建模系统无法捕获的精细尺度特征。虽然本文的研究重点是亚得里亚海北部，但验证指标表明，该方法的稳健性表明，它可以有效地应用于其他研究区域。

{"title":"A deep learning approach for coastal downscaling: The northern Adriatic Sea case-study","authors":"Federica Adobbati , Lorenzo Bonin , Gianpiero Cossarini , Valeria Di Biagio , Fabio Giordano , Luca Manzoni , Stefano Querin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current regional-scale oceanographic operational systems may lack the resolution needed for coastal applications, where fine-scale dynamics such as river outflow and local processes are poorly represented. Artificial intelligence based techniques for interpolation and fine-scale reconstruction can be applied for studying coastal dynamics. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method based on a UNet-like architecture for coastal downscaling of marine ecosystem modeling products. Our method is applied to the northern Adriatic Sea, a marginal region of the Mediterranean characterized by strong spatial and temporal variability, where river inputs significantly influence the physical and biogeochemical state and dynamics, especially near the coast. To address these challenges, we trained a neural network on a reanalysis dataset, covering the period from 2006 to 2017, with a horizontal resolution of about 750 m, using as input the regional-scale products of the Marine Copernicus Service for the Mediterranean Sea. We demonstrate that our architecture is capable of recovering fine-scale features that are not captured by low-resolution modeling systems. Although this paper focuses on the northern Adriatic Sea, the robustness of the method, as demonstrated by the validation metrics, suggests that it can be effectively applied to other study areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0