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Study of the effect of high-temperature annealing on the structure and properties of a composite material based on TiC/TiB2/Ti3SiC2 高温退火对基于 TiC/TiB2/Ti3SiC2 的复合材料的结构和性能的影响研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-8-48-53
A. Konstantinov, A. Chizhikov, M. Antipov, P. Bazhin, N. Y. Khomenko
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引用次数: 0
Acid-resistant material was obtained on the basis of metallurgy waste without the use of traditional natural materials 在不使用传统天然材料的情况下,利用冶金废料获得了耐酸材料
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-6-44-51
V. Abdrakhimov, E. Abdrakhimova
Acid-resistant material is obtained on the basis of metallurgy wastes ― clay part of «tails» of gravity of zircon-ilmenite ores, used as clay binder and ferrochromic aluminothermic slag, used as a repellent without using natural traditional materials. It has been found that the introduction of ferrochromic aluminothermic slag into the ceramic compositions contributes to the formation of highly refractory minerals (corundum, magnesia spinel, chromium oxide, bonite and mayenite), which increase chemical, physical and mechanical indices at a firing temperature of 1300 °C acid stops.
耐酸材料是在冶金废料--锆钛铁矿重力 "尾矿 "中的粘土部分(用作粘土粘合剂)和铁铬铝熔渣(用作驱避剂)--的基础上获得的,无需使用天然传统材料。研究发现,在陶瓷成分中加入铁铬铝熔渣有助于形成高耐火性矿物(刚玉、镁尖晶石、氧化铬、锰铝铁矿和马来铁矿),在 1300 °C 的烧制温度下,这些矿物会增加化学、物理和机械指数。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the influence of the incoming flow on the vortex zones at the entrance to the suction sockets. Part 1. The Axisymmetric problem 确定流入气流对吸气口涡流区的影响。第 1 部分:轴对称问题轴对称问题
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-6-67-71
A. K. Logacheva, O. Averkova, A. Ziganshin, K. Logachev, E. Popov
The features of the construction of a computational algorithm for calculating circular suction sockets in the conditions of an incoming flow by the method of discrete vortex rings are considered. Flow patterns are given at different ratios of the incoming and intake air flow velocities. The dependences of the characteristic sizes of vortex zones arising at the inlet to the suction-sockets on the velocity of the incoming flow, the length and angle of inclination of the socket are determined. Expressions are obtained for the critical velocity of the incoming flow, at which the flow separation mode for the first vortex zone changes from separation inside the bell to separation outside it. The obtained results can be useful for the construction of local suction systems, profiled according to the found outlines of vortex zones.
研究了在进气流条件下通过离散涡环法计算圆形吸气口的计算算法的构造特点。给出了不同进气流速和进气流速比率下的流动模式。确定了吸入口涡流区的特征尺寸与入流速度、吸入口长度和倾角的关系。得出了入流临界速度的表达式,在该速度下,第一个涡流区的流动分离模式从喇叭口内分离转变为喇叭口外分离。所获得的结果有助于根据所发现的涡流区轮廓建造局部抽吸系统。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of calcium aluminate-based additive on properties of periclase-carbon refractories for steelteeming ladles 铝酸钙基添加剂对用于钢水包的过氧化钙-碳耐火材料性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-8-38-43
A. O. Migashkin
Premature decommissioning of steel-teeming ladle lining due to critical localized damage, whichi significantly reduces the functional properties of the lining, is one of the most acute problems in modern metallurgy. The main type of products used for steel-teeming ladle lining is periclase-carbon. In order to improve corrosion resistance and resistance to thermomechanical loads, additional additives, such as spinel, and high alumina CMA cement, are introduced into the periclase-carbon products. In this paper, the effect of calcium aluminate-based additive on the properties of periclasecarbon refractories is investigated. It is assumed that there is a potential for the formation of magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) in periclase-carbon products with calcium-aluminate additives during heat treatment. Fused periclase was used as the raw material, the carbon component was represented by natural flake graphite in an amount of 10 wt% and a combined binder. An additive based on calcium aluminates was introduced, with a fractional size from 0 to 3 mm, while the amount of main fractions of fused periclase was reduced by the corresponding amount of the additive introduced. The compressive strength, apparent porosity, and bending strength values before and after coking firing were analyzed. The thermal coefficient of linear expansion, phase composition and microstructure of the products were also investigated.
钢水包内衬因局部严重破坏而过早退役,大大降低了内衬的功能特性,这是现代冶金中最尖锐的问题之一。用于钢水包内衬的主要产品类型是包壳-碳。为了提高耐腐蚀性和抗热机械载荷能力,在包碳产品中加入了尖晶石和高铝 CMA 水泥等添加剂。本文研究了铝酸钙基添加剂对包铝碳质耐火材料性能的影响。假设在热处理过程中,含有铝酸钙添加剂的过氧化碳产品中有可能形成铝酸镁尖晶石(MA)。使用熔融过氧化钙作为原材料,碳成分由天然鳞片石墨(10 wt%)和组合粘合剂组成。添加剂以铝酸钙为基础,粒度从 0 到 3 毫米不等,而熔融珍珠岩的主要馏分量则按所添加添加剂的相应量减少。分析了焦烧前后的抗压强度、表观孔隙率和抗弯强度值。此外,还研究了产品的线膨胀系数、相组成和微观结构。
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引用次数: 0
Using the surface energy of nanoparticles to produce high-strength concrete 利用纳米颗粒的表面能生产高强度混凝土
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-8-21-27
A. M. Sycheva
The article considers a method for activating cement hardening processes using nanomaterials due to the magnitude of their surface energy: when injected into concrete, nanoparticles dump it due to the desire to transition to a stable state. Such activity leads to a significant gain in strength, hardness and the production of high-strength concrete. It is shown that such an effect can be achieved by surface impregnation of concrete with sols (colloidal solutions) based on SiO2 nanoparticles. It is advisable to start impregnation from the third day of hardening under normal conditions. At this age, the main heat of the cement's own exothermic hardening reaction has already been released into the environment, and the introduction of additional energy will not cause a shift in equilibrium towards slowing down the hardening processes in accordance with the Le-Chatelier principle. The results of physico-chemical studies of concrete after hardening, explaining this effect, are presented.
文章探讨了一种利用纳米材料的表面能激活水泥硬化过程的方法:当注入混凝土时,纳米颗粒会因希望过渡到稳定状态而倾倒混凝土。这种活性可显著提高强度和硬度,并生产出高强度混凝土。研究表明,用基于二氧化硅纳米粒子的溶胶(胶体溶液)对混凝土进行表面浸渍可以达到这种效果。在正常条件下,最好从硬化的第三天开始浸渍。在这一龄期,水泥自身放热硬化反应的主要热量已经释放到环境中,根据勒-沙特利尔原理,引入额外能量不会导致平衡向减缓硬化过程转变。本文介绍了混凝土硬化后的物理化学研究结果,解释了这种效应。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of electrolyte composition on the structure and tribological properties of ceramic coatings obtained by microarc oxidation 电解质成分对微弧氧化法获得的陶瓷涂层的结构和摩擦学特性的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-10-31-39
A. Bykova, A. D. Markov, Y. Kuznetsov, I. N. Kravchenko, A. N. Belyakov, A. M. Makarov
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引用次数: 0
Obtaining and investigation of a heat-resistant binder with the additive of metakaolin in the conditions of Uzbekistan 在乌兹别克斯坦的条件下获得并研究含有偏高岭土添加剂的耐热粘合剂
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-7-28-32
Aida Ruzmetova, Zabibulla Babaev, Mirzhalil Yunusov
The purpose of the work is to obtain a heat-resistant binder with the addition of metakaolin from mineral and man-made raw materials of the Aral Sea region. The results of obtaining alumina cement using kaolin, limestone and alumina-containing waste are presented. Effective compositions of alumina cement in the kaolin-limestone-alumina-containing waste system have been developed. To improve the physico-mechanical properties of a heat-resistant binder, the preparation of metakaolin with its subsequent addition during clinker grinding was investigated. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by the use of modern physico-chemical methods.
这项工作的目的是利用咸海地区的矿物和人造原材料,在添加偏高岭土后获得耐热粘结剂。本文介绍了利用高岭土、石灰石和含氧化铝废料获得氧化铝水泥的结果。在高岭土-石灰石-含氧化铝废料系统中开发了氧化铝水泥的有效成分。为了改善耐热粘结剂的物理机械性能,研究了偏高岭土的制备及其在熟料粉磨过程中的添加。使用现代物理化学方法证实了所获结果的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
The defects of structural and phase transformations in polycrystalline cerium dioxide under heating in vacuum and in air 多晶二氧化铈在真空和空气中加热时的结构和相变缺陷
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-7-42-51
A. E. Solovyeva
Structural changes in cerium dioxide, when heated in vacuum in the range of 25‒1600 °C, in air in the range of 25‒1500 °C, and during successive annealing in the range of 1600‒2100 °C in air, followed by quenching in water, were studied. In the crystal lattice of CeO2‒х, the F → F1 phase transformation in vacuum proceeds in the range of 1100‒1600 °C; additionally, at 1200 °C, X-ray lines of the C-type Ce2O3 phase appear. The thermal expansion coefficient of phases of the fluorite type F and F1 in the range of 25‒1500 °C in air, as well as phases of the fluorite type F, F1 and type C Ce2O3 in the range of 25‒1600 °C are determined in vacuum and their dependence on the change in the oxygen content in the CeO2‒х crystal lattice was found. The kinetic conditions for reduction of cerium dioxide in vacuum and oxidation in air are different. The cubic structure of the fluorite type F CeO2‒х, when the samples are heated in air, is preserved up to 1800 °C with the content of anionic vacancies, at 1900 °C the transformation F → F1 occurs. The formation of loops, edge and screw dislocations in the structure of cerium dioxide grains after annealing of samples in the range of 1900‒2100 °C in air were discovered for the first time. The decomposition of the structure F1 into cerium oxide phases of types F and C proceeds at 2100 °C along the height and boundaries of screw dislocations. It was found that fragments of the C-type phase of cerium oxide are located on loops along the height of screw dislocations, which indicates the movement and evaporation of these fragments. When the samples are oxidized at 1600 °C in air, the black-colored C Ce2O3‒х phase in a gradient of different concentrations moves along certain trajectories to opposite ones. grain boundaries, abuts against dislocation loops, bends them, and oxidizes to phases F1 and F. In the structure of polycrystalline cerium dioxide, when heated in vacuum and in air, certain concentrations of defects control phase transformations.
在 CeO2-х 的晶格中,真空中的 F → F1 相变在 1100-1600 ℃ 范围内进行;此外,在 1200 ℃ 时,出现了 C 型 Ce2O3 相的 X 射线。测定了 25-1500 ℃ 空气中 F 型和 F1 型萤石相的热膨胀系数,以及 25-1600 ℃ 真空中 F 型、F1 型和 C 型 Ce2O3 相的热膨胀系数,并发现了它们与 CeO2-х 晶格中氧含量变化的关系。二氧化铈在真空中还原和在空气中氧化的动力学条件是不同的。当样品在空气中加热时,F 型 CeO2-х 萤石的立方结构在 1800 ℃ 时仍保持不变,并含有阴离子空位,在 1900 ℃ 时发生 F → F1 的转变。在 1900-2100 °C的空气中退火后,二氧化铈晶粒结构中形成了环状、边缘和螺旋位错,这是首次发现。在 2100 ℃ 时,结构 F1 沿着螺旋位错的高度和边界分解成 F 型和 C 型氧化铈相。研究发现,C 型氧化铈相的碎片位于沿螺旋位错高度的环上,这表明了这些碎片的移动和蒸发。当样品在 1600 °C 的空气中氧化时,不同浓度梯度的黑色 C Ce2O3-х 相沿着一定的轨迹向相反的轨迹移动,与位错环相邻,使位错环弯曲,并氧化成 F1 和 F 相。
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引用次数: 0
Electrodynamic properties of (BeO + TiO2)- ceramics in the centimeter wavelength range BeO + TiO2)- 陶瓷在厘米波长范围内的电动特性
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-10-45-52
A. I. Malkin, N. A. Drokin, V, S. Kiiko, A. N. Korotkov, V. A. Chchetkin
.
.
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引用次数: 0
Ceramic composites based on zircon and zirconium dioxide 基于锆石和二氧化锆的陶瓷复合材料
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.17073/1683-4518-2023-9-28-33
V. L. Ugolkov, N. A. Koval’chuk, A. Osipov, L. Mezentseva, A. Akatov
Ceramic composites (1 ‒ x)ZrSiO4‒xZrO2 with low thermal conductivity were obtained by sintering nanosized powders in the range of 1000‒1300 °C in air. The fracture surface of ceramic samples after sintering at 1300 °C was investigated and their thermal behavior was studied by dilatometry. The chemical resistance of composites by leaching in distilled water was evaluated. In the future, such ceramic composites can be used as matrices for the purpose of long-term, environmentally safe storage and subsequent final isolation from the environment of individual isotopes of actinide-rare earth fraction of high-level waste (HLW).
通过在 1000-1300 °C 的空气中烧结纳米级粉末,获得了导热系数较低的 (1 - x)ZrSiO4-xZrO2 陶瓷复合材料。研究了陶瓷样品在 1300 ℃ 烧结后的断裂面,并通过扩张仪研究了它们的热行为。通过在蒸馏水中浸泡,对复合材料的耐化学性进行了评估。未来,这种陶瓷复合材料可用作基质,用于长期、环境安全的贮存,以及随后从环境中最终隔离高放射性废物(HLW)中锕系元素-稀土部分的各个同位素。
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引用次数: 0
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